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Upholstery fabrics in general (and covers in Especially) are of great importance for consumers to use frequently in the summer As it provides comfort and appearance Necessary In view of its importance and features, it deserves to be studied from a technical and technological point of view, as the design of this type of fabrics is typical and is implemented on jacquard devices and its designs are considered as one-piece system. It is a canar and a sea of woven. There are hardly any of them implemented by the production method by the meter. Hence, the development of this quality of fabrics appears to reduce costs and increase production and by adapting the idea of woven phenomenon Whether the phenomenon was by Drawing in, design, or by shade and light, designs were made to be implemented New innovative designs have been created and are produced in thobe style to facilitate the production process and reduce costsThe phenomenon of textile reflection in its scientific and technical concept is one of the most widespread phenomena in textile science in general and in the methods of intercourse in particular. It means reflection in decorations, whether longitudinal or transverse, or their combination. And the reverse extrusive cast system in the dobby designs in addition to the axial designs with a central tendency implemented on the looms of the dobby or jacquard, and this method is suitable for the designs of the coverlets because it can be used on both sides, where the proportion of the appearance of the dam with the weft in both sides1. Reflection by light. 2. Reflection by finding and coverage factor.3. Reflection by spinning threads (properties of threads).4. Reflection by design.The following specifications and applied methods have been studied:Specifications and applied methods of covert fabrics: -The most important operational techniques used in the production of camouflage fabrics in descending order of popularity:1. Executed covers with extra-black style.2. Coverings executed in the imperial style (POLOMITA).3. Double-sided style coversThe research followed the experimental analytical method.So that the research plan includes an introduction and three chapters: -In the introduction, the research problem, the goal of it, the research hypotheses, the limits of research, and the research method were addressed, and previous studies were dealt with

The multi-layered fabrics have both natural and mechanical properties that effect the final use of the product, These layers are either separate or coherent with each other and this is commensurate with the requirements for its use, It is used for various purposes such as bed covers,tables,fabric coats, curtains, and in making some types of blankets , and in its fabrics the tents of camps and festive tents, It is also used in industrial fields such as cementing the soil with layers of geotextiles, and in lining drainage pipes,and in filters to filter the water to prevent pollution, and also in sound insulation and heat insulation, And within these fabrics are the three-layered fabrics where three warps are used, Which are exchanged in special places with three wefts to obtain patterns or fabrics with different effects, There are several methods of creating color effects with fabrics using colored yarns and wefts arranged in aspecial order in the warp and the weft or both, The color effect is one of the most important factors that affect the appearance of the woven fabric, and it gives different shapes, prepare adatabase that includes all these effects Where a table was made showing the maximum number of effects that can be obtained for multi-layer fabrics (triple) in the event that the warp color arrangement is fixed and the weft colors are different.Taking into account the stability of the Fabric Structure used,which is plain(1/1) in all layers, where the research interest in mathematics study of Structural composition of yarns and fabrics .To be areference for textile designers to save time and effort .

Fabrics produced on fabric looms with Dobby devices play a major role in meeting the needs of consumers of woven fabrics, especially in the field of clothing fabrics. With the great technological development in these lines and their connection to computers, this gave the designer the opportunity to increase his creative and innovative ability to produce designs with values Functional and aesthetic within the limits of the number of limited textile differences in those looms.Jacket fabrics are very important for consumers to use frequently in the winter as they provide the required warmth, and given its importance and advantages, it deserves technical and Technology consideration,Whereas the design of that kind of fabrics carried on dobby looms almost typical is represented in plain,streak, and plaid designs . There are rarely simple engravings , Hence the importance of developing this type of fabric and providing a new vision by adapting some of the relevant scientific theories and applying them to the production of innovative designs with a new aesthetic and artistic vision. The most important research is Presenting a new vision for winter jacket fabric designs, Promote the use of scientific foundations and theories to obtain new and diverse designs, Take advantage of the recent developments of dobby looms to develop dobby fabric designs, and Enrich the local market with advanced products.and Objectives is Development of winter jacket fabrics executed on dobby looms, Emphasis on the adaptation of theories and scientific foundations and use in the dobby fabric design, Developing the local product to face the competition of the foreign product.

Objective: STXBP1‐related disorders are rare genetic epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders, but the impact of symptoms across clinical domains is poorly understood. Disease concept models are formal frameworks to assess the lived experience of individuals and their families and provide a basis for generating outcome measures. Methods: We conducted semistructured, qualitative interviews with 19 caregivers of 16 individuals with STXBP1‐related disorders and 7 healthcare professionals. We systematically coded themes using NVivo software and grouped concepts into the domains of symptoms, symptom impact, and caregiver impact. We quantified the frequency of concepts throughout the lifespan and across clinical subgroups stratified by seizure history and developmental trajectories. Results: Over 25 hours of interviews, we coded a total of 3626 references to 38 distinct concepts. In addition to well‐recognized clinical features such as developmental delay (n = 240 references), behavior (n = 201), and seizures (n = 147), we identified previously underrepresented symptoms including gastrointestinal (n = 68) and respiratory symptoms (n = 24) and pain (n = 30). The most frequently referenced symptom impacts were autonomy (n = 96), socialization (n = 64), and schooling (n = 61). Emotional impact (n = 354), support (n = 200), and daily life & activities (n = 108) were highly cited caregiver impacts. We found that seizures were more commonly referenced in infancy than in other age groups, while behavior and socialization were more likely to be referred to in childhood. We found that caregivers of individuals with ongoing seizures were less likely to reference developmental delay, possibly due to the relatively high impact of seizures. Significance: STXBP1‐related disorders are complex conditions affecting a wide range of clinical and social domains. We comprehensively mapped symptoms and their impact on families to generate a comprehensive disease model as a foundation for clinical endpoints in future trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and its expected consequences have been a growing global concern. This study aims at examining the impact of changes in climate indicators on labour supply in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We use different data sets including the Integrated Labour Market Panel Survey of Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia spanning the period from 2006 to 2018 matched with a globally gridded climate data set to test the impact of changes in temperature, humidity, and precipitation on labour weekly working hours. We differentiate between 'high-risk' groups engaged in economic activities with higher exposure to climate and 'low-risk' groups with relatively less exposure to climate. Our results indicate that changes in temperature and humidity have a significant impact on labour working hours, whereas precipitation has no significant effect; yet the marginal impact of changes in temperature and humidity differs between 'high-risk' and 'low-risk' groups. The results show that working hours are impeded by heat and humidity after a specific threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore influences on adolescent diet and physical activity, from the perspectives of adolescents and their caregivers, in Jimma, Ethiopia. Design: Qualitative design, using focus group discussions (FGD). Setting: A low-income setting in Jimma, Ethiopia. Participants: Five FGD with adolescents aged 10–12 years and 15–17 years (n 41) and three FGD with parents (n 22) were conducted. Results: Adolescents displayed a holistic understanding of health comprising physical, social and psychological well-being. Social and cultural factors were perceived to be the main drivers of adolescent diet and physical activity. All participants indicated that caregivers dictated adolescents' diet, as families shared food from the same plate. Meals were primarily determined by caregivers, whose choices were driven by food affordability and accessibility. Older adolescents, particularly boys, had opportunities to make independent food choices outside of the home which were driven by taste and appearance, rather than nutritional value. Many felt that adolescent physical activity was heavily influenced by gender. Girls' activities included domestic work and family responsibilities, whereas boys had more free time to participate in outdoor games. Girls' safety was reported to be a concern to caregivers, who were fearful of permitting their daughters to share overcrowded outdoor spaces with strangers. Conclusions: Adolescents and caregivers spoke a range of social, economic and cultural influences on adolescent diet and physical activity. Adolescents, parents and the wider community need to be involved in the development and delivery of effective interventions that will take into consideration these social, economic and cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Risky sexual behavior increases the risk of contracting sexually transmitted disease including HIV and other reproductive health problems. There have been varying assumptions and different reported result explaining the relationship between risky sexual behavior and wealth. This review was intended to examine the disparity of risky sexual behavior among the two extremes of wealth in sub-Saharan African countries. METHOD: This study reviewed demographic and health survey reports of sub-Saharan African countries. We excluded older reports and reports published in languages other than English. Finally, reports from 16 countries were considered for review. Data were entered in excel and transported to stata for analysis. Metaprop and Metan command were used to compute proportions and odds ratio. Standard chi-square and I square tests were used to assess heterogeneity. RESULT: Pooled prevalence of having multiple sexual partner ranges from 2 to 12%. Over 80% of the countries reported that more than half of the individuals did not use condom at their last risky sexual intercourse. Poorest females were 0.62 [OR: 0.62, 95% CI (0.50, 0.78)] times less likely to have multiple sexual partners than males. Both males and females from the poorest wealth quantile had higher odds of not using condom at their last risky sexual intercourse, 1.41 [OR: 1.41, 95% CI (1.29, 1.53)], 1.41 [OR: 1.46, 95% CI (1.23, 1.73)], respectively. CONCLUSION: Multiple sexual partners is relatively low in the region. Condom non-use is high in both genders. Additionally, poorest males and females were at higher risk of not using a condom at last risky sexual intercourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childhood growth is associated with cognitive function. However, the independent associations of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) with cognitive function are not well understood. We investigated associations of FM and FFM at birth and 0-5 years accretion with cognitive function at 10 years. Healthy term newborns were enrolled in this cohort. FM and FFM were measured at birth, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 6 months, 4 and 5 years. Cognitive function was assessed using Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) at 10 years. FM and FFM accretion were computed using statistically independent conditional accretion from 0-3 months, 3-6 months, 6 months-4 years, and 4-5 years. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations. At the 10-year follow-up, we assessed 318 children with mean (SD) age of 9.8 (1.0) years. A 1 SD higher birth FFM was associated with a 0.14 SD (95% CI: 0.01, 0.28) higher PPVT at 10 years . FFM accretion from 0-3 and 3-6 months was associated with PPVT at 10 year, β = 0.5 SD (95% CI: 0.08, 0.93 ) and β = -0.48 SD (95% CI: -0.90, -0.07 , respectively . FFM accretion after 6 months showed no association with PPVT. Neither FM at birth nor 0-5 years accretion showed association with PPVT. Overall, b irth FFM, but not FM was associated with cognitive function at 10 years, while t he association of FFM accretion and cognitive function varied across distinct developmental stages in infancy . The mechanisms underlying this varying association between body composition and cognitive function need further investigation.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem worldwide due to its high risk of person-to-person transmission, morbidity and mortality [1]. Sudan has a high burden of tuberculosis. Spoligotyping (spacer oligonucleotide typing) a rapid method for genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the principle of reverse hybridization. The ecology of the prevalent mycobacteria strain can vary depending on country and region. The aim of this study was to determine the genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Sudan using spoligotyping SPOLDB4. A total of 75 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sputum samples were collected from pulmonary Tuberculosis patients attending references Laboratories and diagnostic centers in Khartoum and Eastern Sudan in (2011-2013). The mycobacteria were genotyped using Spoligotyping technique and data obtained were analyzed and compared to the SPOLDB4 database. Among the 75 isolate analyzed, 57(76%) were identified by SPOLDB4 and 18 (24%) could not be matched to any lineages. The most prevalent genotype cluster was MANU2 38 (50.7%) followed by CASI Delhi 8 (10.7%). In the study SIT54 was the most common pattern 37 (49.3%) followed by SIT25 6(8%)., Competing Interests: Competing Interests The authors have no competing interests.