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Intertidal organisms distributed in different zones experience strong environmental stress due to various biotic and abiotic factors. Environmental stress model (ESM) predicted that overall species richness and diversity should follow a unimodal trend along the vertical elevation gradient. In the present study, species richness and diversity of macroinvertebrates (molluscs and crustaceans) were measured on a rocky shore of Mumbai, the west coast of India. Data on species abundance were collected for two years (January 2005 to December 2006) after fixing three transects from high-to-low-shore zones based on the tidal heights. Quadratic regression analysis was applied to examine the pattern of variation in overall species richness and diversity across the stress gradient. The analysis revealed that both the variables followed unimodal trends across elevations and suggested that ESM predictions can also be applied to taxonomic groups besides different functional groups of intertidal organisms. It was also found that ESM can be useful in predicting local species richness and diversity as a function of environmental stress and helpful in providing a better understanding of distribution and dynamics of communities at local scale.

Dedifferentiation is the process by which terminally differentiated cells acquire the properties of stem cells. During mouse skin wound healing, the differentiated Gata6-lineage positive cells of the sebaceous duct are able to dedifferentiate. Here we have integrated lineage tracing and single-cell mRNA sequencing to uncover the underlying mechanism. Gata6-lineage positive and negative epidermal stem cells in wounds are transcriptionally indistinguishable. Furthermore, in contrast to reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells, the same genes are expressed in the epidermal dedifferentiation and differentiation trajectories, indicating that dedifferentiation does not involve adoption of a new cell state. We demonstrate that dedifferentiation is not only induced by wounding, but also by retinoic acid treatment or mechanical expansion of the epidermis. In all three cases, dedifferentiation is dependent on the master transcription factor c-Myc. Mechanotransduction and actin-cytoskeleton remodelling are key features of dedifferentiation. Our study elucidates the molecular basis of epidermal dedifferentiation, which may be generally applicable to adult tissues.

As the denim industry production is growing every day and the establishment of new industries is developing rapidly, the problem that is being faced by the industry is greater time consumption regarding counting the denim product. The main objective of this study is to help denim industries use their time effectively. The vision is to modernise the old-school method of finished denim production. The desktop application will bridge the gap between the physical and digital worlds, linking the enumeration technique with desktop applications. An incredibly convenient way of keeping a record of produced denim. Denim production is the root of the garment industry's earnings and by digitalising the enumeration technique, we can make it error-free and speedy. It counts every denim piece and will also scan the denim for metal pieces. The desktop application of this project is built using Microsoft Visual Studio.