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Social learning through friendships is important in child development. Autistic children often initiate and engage in social interactions differently than neurotypical peers. LEGO® based therapy is a group intervention which facilitates social interactions with peers using collaborative LEGO® play. A 1:1 cluster randomised controlled trial with autistic children aged 7-15 comparing 12 weeks' LEGO® based therapy and usual support to usual support alone in 98 mainstream schools (2017-2019) was carried out. The primary outcome was social skills (Social Skills Improvement System) completed by unblinded teachers (not intervention deliverers) at 20 weeks. Analysis used intention-to-treat. Fifty intervention schools (127 participants) and 48 control schools (123 participants) were allocated. Primary analysis included 45 intervention schools (116 participants) and 42 control schools (101 participants). The between-arms difference was 3.74 (p = 0.06, 95% confidence interval: -0.16, 7.63) and 1.68 (p = 0.43, 95% confidence interval: -2.51, 5.87) at 20 and 52 weeks (0.18 and 0.08 standardised effect sizes). Twenty-week outcomes for those receiving per protocol intervention were 4.23 (95% confidence interval 0.27, 8.19) with a standardised effect size of 0.21. Sensitivity estimates were between 3.10 and 4.37 (0.15-0.21 standardised effect sizes). Three unrelated serious adverse events were reported. LEGO® based therapy has a small positive non-significant benefit for social skills at 20 weeks but not 52 weeks.

The comparative analysis of non-Newtonian nanofluids with Newtonian conditions are addressed in this research. Oldroyd-B and Casson fluids are adopted as the non-Newtonian fluids (NNF). The generation of flow is due to bidirectionally movement of magnetized surface. Radiation and chemical reactive processes are accounted in energy and mass transportation equations. Buongiorno’s theory of nanoparticles is developed for the nanofluids analysis. The basic formulas of fluid dynamics are incorporated to formulate the physical model. The assumption of boundary-layer is utilized for the simplification of mathematical model. The arising nonlinear model of three independent variables are converted into one independent variable model using similarity constraints. The simplified mathematical model is treated analytically through the implementation of homotopic approach. The convergence of this scheme is verified through numerical benchmark and graphic illustration. The results of versatile constraints on physical quantities are addressed numerically and graphically. The comparison of results with previous published outcomes is provided in limiting approach.

Thermal mechanism of non-Newtonian nanofluid coated by lubricated power law material has been theoretically worked out. The slip interaction constraints have been proposed for inspecting the thermal transport. The concept of microorganism is utilized to achieve the stabilization of the suspension of nanoparticles. The rheological constraints of nonlinear model are observed by second grade fluid. The flow phenomenon is governed by stagnation point flow. The second-grade (SG) axisymmetric bio-convective nanofluid flow across a moving surface is considered. The flow equations are simplified by the implementation of compatible similarity transformations. The resulting system is solved numerically and analytically by using a hybrid homotopy technique. With the use of a graph and tabular data, the importance of influencing parameters in relation to the velocity field, motile density microorganism’s, temperature and concentration profiles is investigated. The thermal profile is observed to be lowering with higher Prandtl number values. There is a noticeable drop in concentration and thermal profiles against higher viscoelastic parameter values. The microorganism profile is lower in the presence of bio-convected Lewis number. Moving from Newtonian fluid to non-Newtonian fluid, a decrease in motile organism and Nusselt number.

Besides discussing such seminal images in the poetry of Daud Kamal as Gandhara art, the bridge, and bird migration, this essay explores solitude as a necessary accompaniment to Kamal’s creativity, as he sought, in “the translunar paradise of art”, “a cure for the cancer of loneliness”. This essay also examines the undiscerning critical reception of Kamal’s poetry, which notwithstanding belongs to the finest tradition of Islamic mystical poetry and is therefore destined to last.

Marangoni convection is discovered by varying gradients of surface tension. Marangoni induced flow plays a vital role in melting of coating flow technology, drying wafers, crystals, soap film stabilization, wielding and microfluidics, in which the flow creates unwanted impacts under gravity on micro-level in the same manner as buoyancy-induced natural convection. The Magneto-Marangoni convective flow of Walter-B fluid over a vertical permeable surface is addressed in the current research. The Dufour–Soret effects are taken into account along with activation energy and radiation. Flow through a porous media is modeled via Darcy and Forchheimer theory. The surface tension gradient becomes stronger by increasing the Marangoni convection parameter, which results in stronger induced flows and more efficient heat and mass movement inside the liquid. The result is a more uniform distribution of these qualities throughout the liquid as the temperature and concentration profiles drop. With higher viscoelastic parameter levels, the fluid accelerates and the velocity profile increases due to decreased viscosity. Due to an augmentation in the Dufour and Soret number, the thermal and concentration of the Walter-B fluid boost up respectively.

ZnO − SAE 50 nanolubricant is one of the most important nanolubricants having widespread uses in heat exchange systems and automobiles. It minimizes friction between moving parts and prevents them from corrosion and scrape, improves durability and performance of the system and also minimizes the consumption of fuel. This work investigates the rheological behavior of magnetized ZnO − SAE 50 nanolubricant over moving/stationary Riga plate with viscous dissipation and nonlinear heat generation. The novel features of the current work are the use of ZnO − SAE 50 nanolubricant as a flow fluid across a Riga plate and the application of the Patel model to boost the thermal conductivity of the nanolubricant. The governing system of equations is transformed to nonlinear ODEs and then treated analytically by using HAM. The augmentation in the velocity of nanolubricant ZnO − SAE 50 is observed due to increasing values of Grashof number. The higher values of nonlinear thermal radiation and nonlinear heat generation parameters upsurge the temperature profile. The value of skin friction increases by increasing modified Hartman number and velocity slip parameter while reverse trend is observed by enhancing magnetic parameter. The radiation parameter, temperature dependent heat source parameter and solid volume fraction tend to augment Nusselt number at the Riga surface.

Marangoni convection is very useful in coating flow technology, surfactant replacement therapy for neonatal children, microfluidics, drying of semi-conductor vapors in microelectronics, foams, and film drainage in emulsions. The behavior of gyrotactic microorganisms and chemical reaction on the Marangoni convected Carreau-Yasuda liquid flowing over Riga plate with thermophoretic particle deposition is reported in this research. The Riga plate is self-possessed of magnets and electrodes. The fluid conducted electricity and the vertical Lorentz force has been exponentially increased. Thermal and mass species phenomena are investigated within the context of Dufour and Soret impacts. The PDEs are transformed into ODEs by the implication of suitable transformations. The resulting system of equations is solved by using homotopy analysis method (HAM). Using tables and graphs, the effects of dimensionless parameters on flow fields are described. The wall drag coefficient and pertinent flow rates are organized and stated. The results revealed that the temperature, concentration, and microorganisms profiles decay but the velocity profile augmented as the Marangoni ratio parameter increases.

This study examines the time-dependent, three-dimensional, laminar, incompressible, and inclined hydromagnetic flow of viscous fluid above a rotating disk. The disk is saturated in a porous space and moves vertically along axial direction. Heat transfer process is analyzed by the thermal radiation and convective boundary condition. Thermophoresis process is illustrated in the flow stream by mass equation. The similarity functions are exerted to transform the system of partial differential equations into a one independent variable expressions. The finite differences scheme is applied to the resultant dimensionalized system and then solved in iterative manner using Successive over Relaxation (SOR) method. The physical quantities are illustrated graphically in terms of velocity, thermal and concentration fields. Two-dimensional contour phenomenon and three-dimensional flow visualizations for some parameters are also sketched. The skin-friction co-efficient, frictional torque, Nusselt number and Sherwood number against selected parameters are discussed in tabular format.

Background: Two of the most concerned mental health problems in our society are depression and anxiety. Anxiety and depression can often occur together, it is therefore important to know the signs and symptoms associated with them. Objective: To determine the role of physical activity and exercise in depression and anxiety disorders. Methodology: It was a study in which data was collected fromPsychiatry Department of Jinnah Hospital. Research data was recorded by using prescribed validated questionnaire, psychological measurement tool Beck Depression Inventory-II. Patients were divided in two groups. First group took medication only and the other was provided with medication and physical activity plan. A baseline measurement was taken and then a follow up after 4 weeks was done and the difference in the scores was noted down in both groups. Results: The decrease in the scores of BDI-II was significantly higher in group who took medication with exercises as compared to group who were treated with medication only. The decrease of depression in group treated with medication and exercises significant at P=0.019 level showing that exercises with medication is more effective than only medication. The percentage of patients with mild depression post treatment was 40% in physical activity group as compared to 52% in medication group while percentage of patients with no depression in physical activity group was 48% as compared to 18% in medication group which is significantly higher. Conclusions: After the follow up of four weeks it was noted that the second group in which patients were treated with medication and physical activity was better relieved from depression signs and symptoms than the patients who were treated with medication only. So, physical activity that is organized and structured can be incorporated as an effective strategy for the treatment of depression. Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Physical Activity.