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Building maintenance has become an invaluable process in the field of the built environment with the purpose of retaining building value and quality. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is important in the maintenance field as it can reduce maintenance costs without affecting the performance of services. However, the application of LCC in this country is limited due to a lack of awareness and knowledge about LCC. This research intends to identify the components of LCC and its impact on the maintenance performance of lift systems in high-rise residential buildings. Lift systems are important for high-rise buildings to transport occupants from the ground floor to upper floors but most lift systems have not been effectively managed and maintained in Malaysia, which has resulted in severe injuries to users and even death. Yet, there is a lack of data regarding high-end high-rise residential buildings. Hence, this research will focus on lift systems in high-end high-rise residential buildings. A mixed-method approach has been adopted whereby questionnaires were distributed to building managers of high rise residential buildings in Klang Valley and interviews were conducted with building managers from the selected case studies. With the application of LCC, the maintenance team can consider all the LCC components of the lift system during the decision-making process and improve the maintenance performance of the lift system by having lower breakdown rates, fewer complaints received and quicker response times.

Background: Globally, wheat production is essential for food security as it is an essential staple food crop for a huge population. However, there are different biotic and abiotic factors affected the productivity of wheat. One of the essential competitors of wheat crop are weeds. Wheat is infested by both annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the new combined herbicide Tarzec WG based on pyroxsulam and galaxifen-methyl + safener cloquintocet-mexyl for protecting winter wheat from the weeds. Methods: The field experiment was conducted during 2019 and 2020. The experimental treatments consisted of Tarzec two application rates: 19 g/ha and 22 g/ha.Reference standards were applied, Pallas 45 (22 g/ha of pyroxsulam). Result: Results revealed that the greatest advantage of the combined herbicide Tarzec WG over the single-component agent Pallas 45 OD was attained through the inhibition degree against weeds in both the seasons of experiment. Unfortunately, these compelling advantages of combined agent over the single-component one was not identified with respect to Cerastiumnemorale, Avenafatua and Alopecurus myosuroides. Tarzec WG herbicide was not phytotoxic to the plants of the winter wheat.

Under in vivo conditions (ambient-air temperature), the relationship between low temperature stress and the response of some different mango cultivars was monitored.Some biochemical events that occur following cold exposure of mango trees leaves were detected to evaluate their ability to acquire cold injury during exposure to low temperature. The cultivars of Alphonso, Baladi, Bullock's Heart, Helmand, Hindi Besennara, Mabrouka, Mestekawy, Nabeeh, Oweisi, Spates, Taimour and Zebdawhich grown in private orchard in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt were selected to verify this aim. This study was carried out during the period from November to March of during years; 2012 and 2013. The following results were stated: the detected leaf compositional changes were significantly differed among the tested cultivars and sampling times. In this respect, electrolytes (%), Na+, K+, inorganic phosphate (Pi), Ca2+, total soluble sugars (TSS) and total free amino acids (TFAA) concentrations were detected in leachate of fresh leaves and showed significant differences in response to the cultivars and sampling times. However, in this study, Alphonso, Bullock's Heart, Helmand, Taimour and Zebda cultivars of mango had the best result in their cold tolerance under the conditions of this study, which is not exactly in consistent with what the researcher found.

Owing to numerous biological activities of different parts of Moringa oleifera Lam., various studies have been carried out to isolate and explore the activities of its various bioactive compounds including polysaccharides. Polysaccharides of M. oleifera have been reported to possess a variety of biofunctionalities including antihyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive and gastrointestinal protection. In addition to bioactive polysaccharides, the gum exudated by stem of this plant is of commercial importance with wide range of applications in pharmaceutical industries. Various extraction and purification methods as well as combination of methods have been used to isolate and purify moringa polysaccharides. Studies suggest that extraction methods influence the structure of polysaccharides and thus their biological activity. This review summarizes all the available literature to provide updated information related to extraction, purification, modification, structural characterization, bioactivities and potential applications of moringa polysaccharides. This review will provide novel insights for future research and applications of moringa polysaccharides.

Huge quantities of byproducts/wastes generated in onion processing are usually discarded, but they are excellent sources of bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. However, with growing interest in the sustainable use of resources and the circular economy to reduce adverse impacts on the environment, food processing wastes such as onion peel/skin can be extracted and employed as inputs in developing or reformulating nutrient supplements, and pharmacological drugs. This review highlights major bioactive components, especially total phenolics, total flavonoid, quercetin and its derivatives present in onion peel/skin and their therapeutic applications as cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antiobesity, antidiabetic, anticancer and antimicrobial agents. The present review emphasized that onion peel is one of the important agricultural by-products which is rich in bioactive compounds and can be utilized as health promoting ingredient especially in pharmacological and biomedical fields. Thus, with increasing burden of life style disorders/non-communicable diseases, finding suitable natural alternative for their treatment is one major concern of the researchers and onion peel and its extract can be exploited as a prime ingredient.

Guava processing industries generate peel and seeds as primary waste fractions. Guava seeds obtained after fruit processing possess untapped potential in the field of food science due to the presence of a diversity of nutritional and bioactive compounds. Along with offering a detailed understanding of the nutritional attributes of guava seeds, the present review comprehensively elaborates on the therapeutic activities of their bioactive compounds, their techno-functional properties, and their other edible and nonedible applications. The limited molecular and biochemical mechanistic studies outlining the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, neuroprotective and antidiabetic activities of guava seeds available in the literature are also extensively discussed in this review. The use of guava seed constituents as food additives and food functional and structural modulators, primarily as fat reducers, emulsifiers, water and oil holding agents, is also conceptually explained. Additional human intervention and molecular mechanistic studies deciphering the effects of guava seeds on various diseases and human health are warranted.

Cyclopentasilane (CPS) has been studied as an liquid precursor for the deposition of thin silicon films for printed electronics and related applications. The processing involves a UV-induced prepolymerization of CPS followed by liquid deposition and low-temperature thermolysis. An insight into the oligomer and polymer formation including crosslinking in solution using 29Si NMR spectroscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy is reported. Formation of SiH (T-units) and SiH3 (M-units) is observed as well as short-lived paramagnetic species. Additionally, the polymerization is followed by Raman spectroscopy. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations are applied to develop a theoretical model for the CPS-ring-opening and crosslinking steps. The experimental and computational data correspond well to each other and allow insight into the mechanism of polymer formation. The processing steps include spin-coating, thermal drying, and conversion to amorphous silicon, H-passivation, and fabrication of a CPS-derived thin-film transistor (TFT), without intermediate silicon crystallization. Further improvement is gained by using tetralene as a solvent, leading to a reduction of the time-consuming polymerization step by one order of magnitude compared to cyclooctane. The overall quality and characteristics of the CPS-derived spin-coated silicon thin films correspond to standard plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition-derived devices with respect to performance levels.