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The Bombax ceiba L. tree is a member of the family Bombacaceae and the genus Bombax. Both Chinese and Indian traditional medicine have made extensive use of it in the treatment of sickness. Its chemical composition is still a mystery. B. ceiba roots methanol extract (BCRME) was analyzed by different chromatographic analytical techniques in order to identify its major chemical constituents. Twelve compounds and six compounds were identified from GC–MS and LC–MS analysis, respectively. This is the first report on the presence of lathodoratin, cedrene, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one,8-[{dimethylamino} methyl]-7-methoxy-3-methyl-2-phenyl, asiatic acid, and (E)-2,4,4'-trihydroxylchalcone in B. ceiba roots. Methanol extract demonstrated noteworthy antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC96) (MIC: 100 µg/mL) compare to antibiotic ampicillin (MIC: 250 µg/mL) as well as the highest α-amylase inhibition (IC50=26.91 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50=21.21 µg/mL) effects, molecular docking study confirmed these findings, with some compounds having a very high docking score.

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of methanol extract of Martynia annua seed revealed the presence of haploperozide and austricine. For safety, heavy metals content investigation of plant powder using the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique showed that the toxic metals (Pb: 2.07 mg/kg; Cd: 0.07 mg/kg; and As: 0.18 mg/kg) concentrations were found to be below the permissible limit. The extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against E. coli (MIC value 125 g/mL). Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes with a high percentage and IC50 values were 42.28 ± 0.39 µg/mL and 34.11 ± 0.31 µg/mL, respectively. These findings were supported by a molecular docking study, some of the phytochemicals showed higher docking score values than references. However, Martynia annua seeds are safe to consume because they contain low levels of toxic heavy metals and possess antibacterial and anti-diabetic properties.

Objectives: The present study was designed to identify and screen phytochemicals present in methanolic extract of Sapindus emarginatus seed kernel, to evaluate its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and to search for dihydropteroate synthase (3TYE) enzyme inhibitors through molecular docking study. Methods: Phytochemicals present in methanol extract were screened using standard protocol. Identification of phytochemicals was carried out using GC-MS. DPPH assay and Microbroth dilution assay were used to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity respectively. Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) was used for molecular docking. Results: Preliminary phytochemicals screening of extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and tannins, terpenoids, saponins and fat & oil. GC-MS study was showed 12 peaks indicating the presence of 12 different phytoconstituents. The extract exhibited very good inhibition (MIC= 200µg/mL) against S. pyogenus compared with inhibition of standard drug ampicillin (MIC= 100µg/mL). Molecular docking result revealed that 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy bind effectively to the active site residues of dihydropteroate synthase (3TYE) with docking score of -6.53kcal/mol. Conclusion: Phytochemicals were investigated (Phytochemicals screening and GC-MS analysis) are responsible of antimicrobial or antioxidant activity of Sapindus emarginatus seed kernel.

Spectrophotometry was used to determine trace amounts of Zirconium(IV), Mercury(II) and Uranium(VI) in environmental, biological, pharmaceutical and industrial samples. The determination depend on the complexation reactions between albendazole reagent and metal ions [Zr(IV), Hg(II) and U(VI)] at 555 nm, 485 nm and 510 nm, respectively. The experimental conditions were explored to reach the optimum conditions for albendazole-metal ions interaction, including detection of a suitable wavelength, medium (pH), reagent concentration, surfactants effect, reaction time and temperature. Under optimum conditions, the complexes displayed apparent molar absorptivities of 0.8350 × 10

Objective: To investigate the photochemical constituents present in methanol extract of martynia annua seeds using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy(GC-MS), High-Performance Thin–Layer Chromatography(HPTLC) analysis and study antioxidant activity. Methods: Methanol extract of Martynia annua seeds were subjected to GC-MS and HPTLC analysis. HPTLC analysis was carried out using GAMAG system with a linomate5 applicator, system mobile phase (Toluene: Chloroform: Ethanol (4:4:1 V/V/V)), two different volume of extract was applied 2 µl and 5 µl. GC-MS analysis was carried out on JEOL GC MATE ΙΙ, column HP 5 MS and Quadruple double focusing mass analyzer. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay. Results: GC-MS analysis provided 17 peaks indicating the presence of seventeen different phytochemicals in methanol extract of martynia annua seeds. HPTLC fingerprint showed 6 peaks at both size 2 µl and 5 µl at 254 nm whereas 4 peaks, 9 peaks were detected at 366 nm for 2 µl and 5 µl respectively. After derivatization with 10 % methanolic sulphuric acid, 8 peaks, 11 peaks were detected for 2 µl and 5 µl respectively when the derivatized plate was scanned at 540 nm. DPPH free radical scavenging result showed EC50 value of 44.1±1.1 µg/ml. Conclusion: The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fatty acids, ester, aldehydes and ketones whereas in HPTLC different peaks at different UV-lights before and after derivatization were observed. Maximum percentage inhibition using DPPH assay was found 74 at concentration of 50 µg/ml.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and phytochemical constituents of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernel using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods: In GC-MS investigation, 95% methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel was performed on JEOL GC MATE ΙΙ, column HP 5 MS, and Quadruple, double-focusing mass analyzer. Determination of heavy metals from C. bonducella powder was performed using Thermo scientific I CAP Q instrument, for plant powder digestion Anton Paar Microwave model: Multiwave 300 was used. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using microdilutions broth method. Results: GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel has shown 11 different phytoconstituents. ICP-MS analysis has shown the concentration of ten heavy metals in C. bonducella seed kernel as follows: Cr 1.5 ppm, Fe 72.72 ppm, Co 0.33 ppm, Ni 0.03 ppm, Cu 10.73 ppm, Zn 18.44 ppm, As 0.03 ppm, Cd 0.02 ppm, and Pb 0.58 ppm. Conclusion: Result showed that the plant is safe to use from toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, and Pb. It is suitable to check frequently the heavy metal content in the plant used in traditional medicines before given to patients.

(Z)-N&prime, (4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (HL) and its Ni(II) complex (Ni(II)-2L) were synthesized using eco-friendly protocols. The single X-ray crystal structure of Ni(II)-2L was solved. Moreover, the structural properties were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, and Ultraviolet/Visible spectroscopy. The diamagnetic and thermal stability were assessed using magnetic susceptibility and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The biological activities of both HL and Ni(II)-2L (62.5&ndash, 1000 &mu, g/mL) against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial and fungal (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus) species were studied using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests method in reference to Gentamycin and Nystatin standard drugs, respectively. The results revealed an affordable, environmentally friendly, and efficient synthetic method of HL using water as a green solvent. The Ni(II)-2L complex crystallized in a distorted square planar, P21/n space group, and one Ni(II) to two bidentate negatively charged ligand ratio. The analysis of biological activity revealed higher activity of the complex against S. aureus and S. pyogenes (bacteria) and A. niger and A. clavatus (fungi) compared to the ligand. However, the highest activity was at a MIC of 62.5 &mu, g/mL for the complex against S. pyogenes and for the ligand against E. coli. Therefore, both HL and Ni(II)-2L could be promising potential antimicrobials and their selective activity could be an additional benefit of these bioactive materials.