Search

We received a complaint of fever and tachypnea from a 6-year-old girl who came to our hospital. She was treated for 20 days with antibiotics and corticosteroids. She was admitted for 10 days with a diagnosis of pneumonia and was discharged after the fever subsided. Two days after her discharge, the respiratory symptoms returned, and she came to us because of the severity of her symptoms. We diagnosed her with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), performed the necessary radiographic and laboratory procedures, and the following outcomes were obtained: the computed tomography scan revealed consolidation between the right lung’s upper and middle lobes as well as an air bronchogram, but the chest ultrasound revealed no signs of pleural effusion. D-dimer, white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were also high in the laboratory test results, indicating pulmonary inflammation. She was finally diagnosed with CAP, and although the cause of the illness is unknown, she underwent a 14-day course of common antibiotics. Two days after the medication began, the fever subsided, and the tachypnea decreased. We believe that the corticosteroid treatment during the initial hospital stay is what caused the disease agent to persist and cause the fever to recur.

The impacts of climate change can have many facets which are not directly felt. Climate change causes crucial political, economic, and social problems in our world. Inadequate public perceptions of climate change have resulted in little global response to climate change. This systematic review protocol examines existing perception models. First, we searched 3 databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar as a search engine for all documents on the topic words “climate change”, “risk perception”, and “model” and their synonyms in medical subject headings (MESH). All types of journal articles were assessed. No date and language limitations were applied. The articles were evaluated by two independent persons. The results show that in recent years, the number of studies on climate risk perception across countries has increased compared to the total number of scientific publications. In addition, the number of climate change risk perceptions was higher than in other models. Our findings showed that until now, no systematic review has been conducted for models, features, and components of climate change perception. This is the first comprehensive study to assess climate change risk perception models (CCRPM). This study presents climate change perception models.

Background: Telemedicine has been used for cystic fibrosis (CF) in a wide range of signs and symptoms even before the COVID 19 pandemic, however, little is known about the health consequences and use of specific health care for cystic CF. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of clinical trends and data related to mobile based monitoring activities in CF patients at home for 3 years. Methods: This is a semi experimental single group study. Forty five CF patients under 7 years' old who were referred to the Masih Daneshvari Hospital between 2018 and 2021 were selected. A mobile phone_based customized Short Message Service (SMS) application used to monitor patients. Remotely monitored variables included the amount and color of sputum, cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath at rest. SPSS using Chi square and Friedman tests. Results: The condition of patients based on the number and type of cough increased sputum, decreased appetite, fatty stool, fever and dyspnea, headache, noninvasive ventilation, and drug comfortably remained almost unchanged in the study of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years, and the studied parameters did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05). Of course, the number of outpatient visits decreased significantly (P value: 0.02). The respiratory rate and arterial oxygen saturation variables were almost the same in three consecutive annual measurements (P values: 0.544 and 0.639, respectively). Conclusion: Telemedicine is a method that is useful in the follow up of chronic diseases such as CF and improves the quality of life and reduces the deterioration of lung function; therefore, there is less need for invasive treatments in the long run, and a fundamental change in referral motivation brings to the hospital.

Background: This overview is conducted to evaluate the effect of telerehabilitation on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods: A comprehensive search was performed through the [MeSH] keywords (heart diseases, coronary disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass, heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation and telemedicine) until January 20, 2021 in databases of Science Direct, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar and Cochrane library. Finally, 20 reviews were entered into the analysis. Results: The results of meta-analyses showed that receiving telerehabilitation program by telemedicine method has a positive effect on the physical dimension and changing the mental status of patients following this intervention depends on age so that the use of these technologies in heart patients with younger ages promotes mental status. On the other hand, increasing the duration of the intervention 18 months or more affects the physical dimension and 12 months or more affects promoting overall HRQOL. Among the various types of Telemedicine methods, telephone support has a greater effect on promoting the physical dimension. Conclusion: The ability to use virtual technology is less at older ages, so age conditions of patients should be considered in choosing this type of intervention. The living place of the people and the level of access to advanced care, seem to play an important role in changing outcomes and choosing this type of intervention because the main purpose of telerehabilitation is to provide treatment care in areas with low access levels.

Background: Application of technology in virtual or remote cardiac rehabilitation programs can resolve the challenge of accessing healthcare services and reduce access level inequalities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of technology on different clinical outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation programs used for cardiovascular (CVD) patients. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and a comprehensive evidence map of overview was used. Two researchers searched electronic databases such as Science Direct, Medline / PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar and Cochrane library at the time of publication until Mar 21, 2021. Results: Of 51 reviews published, most of them have reported that the virtual or remote cardiac rehabilitation had a positive effect on most outcomes compared to usual care, and the difference in the type of comparison group and the high heterogeneity in reviews with inconsistent results are due to different technologies used in the interventions, follow-up duration, the type of heart disease, tools, and reporting methods, the quality of the reviews, and the quality of the primary studies included in the reviews. Conclusion: Two important factors before choosing the remote cardiac rehabilitation technology include the complexity of technology and the level of satisfaction and acceptability of the interventions among participants. The simplicity of the interventions increases the acceptability level, and the more complex design and advanced monitoring level during the interventions and the need for specific equipment affect cost saving, so it is important to consider the above cases while choosing the type of technology.

Objectives: The present study aimed to adapt the strategic plans of medical science universities to the components of the third millennium universities. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included all the faculty members of 5 top universities of Tehran Province in Iran. To collect data, a reliable and valid researcher-made questionnaire was developed based on the characteristics of higher education institutions in the third millennium (content validity index >0.79, content validity ratio > 0.62, α = 0.88). Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS. Results: The highest mean score of the population’s attitude was related to the visions of the universities (mean =3.44). Moreover, the highest mean score (the components of university headquarters) of the attitude belonged to environmental indicators (3.53) while the lowest mean score was related to administrative and financial indicators (3.4). Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the attitudes of faculty members (P

OBJECTIVE: To research the attitudes of clinical and health care staff towards effectiveness of electronic learning based on the Technology Acceptance Model. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July-September 2019. Participants in this study were staffs who had used electronic learning in-service training during six months in two health care organizations associated to Semnan University of medical sciences in Iran in 2018-2019. The census process was applied and the sampling method was not applied in the present investigation. A Persian version of the TAM questionnaire was used. RESULTS: Participants who had adopted electronic learning were 75.8%. Mean scores of staff’s attitudes towards trend to use electronic learning was 3.61±0.77 and towards usage was 3.43±0.75. There were significant relationships among the mean scores of employees' attitudes toward the easiness of using electronic learning technology, the usage of electronic learning technology and the desire to use it (P

Background Premature birth is a global epidemic of significant public health concern. Counselling and education of pregnant women at risk of preterm birth or mothers with premature infants are essential to improve mother and infant health. Mobile applications are an increasingly popular tool among parents to receive health information and education. This study aims to evaluate the usages and the effects of a mobile application designed for premature births in order to improve health outcomes.Methods This review will include all studies of different designs which evaluated the use and impact of interventions provided via mobile applications on pregnant women at risk of preterm birth or mothers with premature infants in order to address all health outcomes. A combination of keywords and MeSH(Medical Subject Headings) terms is used in the search strategy. Literature databases including Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, CINAHL and Cochrane Library will be searched to May 2021. Furthermore, eligible studies will be chosen from the reference list of retrieved papers. Two researchers will independently review the retrieved citations to decide whether they meet the inclusion criteria. Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) V.2018 will be used to assess the quality of studies. Relevant data are collected in a data extraction form and analysed. Results are reported under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Discussion This systematic review will recognize and combine evidence about the usages and impact of mobile application interventions on the health improvement of pregnant women at risk of preterm birth or mothers with premature infants.

Introduction: In spite of the fact that telemedicine has various advantages; similarly as in some other data systems, it is essential to investigate clients’ perspective of technology. Besides, the clients’ awareness and satisfaction of the telemedicine are significant issues that ought to be considered before starting a telemedicine program. The present examination in this way looks to assess Iranian doctors’ demeanor and recognition toward the infrastructures of telemedicine development and implementation. Methods: The participants of this examination included doctors working in health care organizations subsidiary to Semnan University of Medical Sciences during 2019 in Iran. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used in order to evaluate the subjects’ attitudes. Results: The mean score of physicians’ attitudes towards human factors was 3.43 ± 0.59, towards educational factors was 3.68 ± 0.94 and towards security factors was 3.50 ± 0.52. Regression analysis showed that there were significant relationships between physicians’ knowledge and their attitudes towards human (P < 0.001), educational (P < 0.001) and security (P = 0.046) infrastructures. Conclusion: the findings of this study show that there are several obstacles that can be reduced through teaching, change-management methods and personal patient-to-provider communication. These techniques can improve acceptance and continuous usage of telemedicine among Iranian physicians.

Abstract Background In recent years, the phenomena of access to the cell phone and addiction to the Internet have been developed among students due to their many applications and attractiveness. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating general health status and also determining the predictive role of variables such as cell phone usage, sleep quality, internet addiction and social networks addiction in students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 321 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in an analytical approach. Data collection tools were: Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire, Pittburgh Sleep Quality Index, Young Internet Addiction Test, Social Network Addiction Questionnaire, and Cell Phone Overuse Scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21 and general linear model. Results Based on the results, the mean (SD) score of the general health was 21.27 (9.49). Variables of gender, sleep quality, and levels of cell phone usage were independent predictors of student’s health. Male students (β (95% CI) = − 0.28 (− 0.49 to − 0.01) and students with favorable sleep quality (β (95% CI) = − 0.22 (− 0.44 to − 0.02) had lower total health score than the reference category (female students and students with unfavorable sleep quality, respectively). In addition, students with cell phone overuse (β (95% CI) = 0.39 (0.08 to 0.69) had a higher general health score than the reference category (students with cell phone little use). In general, this group of students had lower general health status (Low or high scores of general health indicate a higher and lower general health status for subjects, respectively). Conclusion Variables of gender, sleep quality and cell phone use were the most important variables associating the general health of medical students.

Background: We aimed to report the findings of the first Electrocardiography (ECG), before therapy initiation and receiving medication in COVID-19 patients, and to compare them with the ECG findings of healthy men. Methods: A comprehensive and regular search was performed through the keywords (“Electrocardiographic” OR “ECG” OR; ‘‘COVID-19’’ OR ‘‘Coronavirus Disease 2019’’) without time and language restrictions in the Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar. After evaluating the quality and reviewing the biases, 27 studies were finally enrolled. Results: In 27 studies with a total number of 3994 COVID-19 patients, and mean age of 62.7 yr, 1993 subjects were male. The most common type of arrhythmia in them, especially in severe and critical cases, was 7% based on 10 studies (Atrial Fibrillation); while in 7 studies, QTc interval prolong (≥ 460 msec) was 15% and in 5 studies, QTc interval prolong (≥ 500 msec) was 18%. In COVID-19 patients at the time of admission and healthy men, HR (b per / min) was 85, 61.7 and PR interval (msec) was 285.4, 156 and QRS duration (msec) was 95, 94.3 and QT (msec) was 380. 384.1 and QTc (msec) (Bazett's formula) was 437, 387.1, respectively. In most cases, the variables were higher for COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: ECG abnormalities at the time of admission and prior to the initiation of medication that cause arrhythmic may have a clinically substantial effect on the course of the disease and confirm the effect of COVID-19 on increased cardiovascular risk in long-term.

Background: People with poor health literacy are those who have less knowledge about disease management and health promotion behaviors, and generally have poorer health status. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of qualitative components of the health website of Semnan University of Medical Sciences on the students’ health literacy. Methods: This study was performed on 529 medical and allied health students in schools affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2016-2017. A researcher-made questionnaire and standard questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics and regression test were used by SPSS 19 to analyze data in significance level of 0.01. Results: The findings showed that there were poor relationships between communications in the health website and health literacy (R2=0.265, B=0.50), between understanding of concepts in the health website and health literacy (R2=0.259, B=0.38) and patient centeredness in the health website and health literacy (R2=0.241, B=0.30). Conclusion: It is concluded that the empowerment of students’ health literacy through the University Health Department website can be realized when the health department website is used as a tool for learning and the website is much more active in social marketing in the field of health.

Background Rural health houses constitute a major provider of some primary health services in the villages of Iran. Given the challenges of providing health services in rural areas, health houses should be established based on the criteria of health network systems (HNSs). The value of these criteria and their precedence over others have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The present study was conducted to propose a model for improving the distribution of rural health houses in HNSs. Methods The present applied study was conducted in Khuzestan province in the southwest of Iran in 2014-2016. First, the descriptive and spatial data required were collected and entered into ArcGIS after modifications, and the Geodatabase was then created. Based on the criteria of the HNS and according to experts’ opinions, the main criteria and the sub-criteria for an optimal site selection were determined. To determine the criteria’s coefficient of importance (ie, their weight), the main criteria and the sub-criteria were compared in pairs according to experts’ opinions. The results of the pairwise comparisons were entered into Expert Choice and the weight of the main criteria and the sub-criteria were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The application layers were then formed in geographic information system (GIS). A model was ultimately proposed in the GIS for the optimal distribution of rural health houses by overlaying the weighting layers and the other layers related to villages and rural health houses. Results Based on the experts’ opinions, six criteria were determined as the main criteria for an optimal site selection for rural health houses, including welfare infrastructures, population, dispersion, accessibility, corresponding routes, distance to the rural health center and the absence of natural barriers to accessibility. Of the main criteria proposed, the highest weight was given to “population” (0.506). The priorities suggested in the proposed model for establishing rural health houses are presented within five zoning levels –from excellent to very poor. Conclusion The results of the study showed that the proposed model can help provide a better picture of the distribution of rural health houses. The GIS is recommended to be used as a means of making the HNS more efficient.

Background and aim: Health literacy has been of interest to policymakers because of its impact on health decision-making as one of the important issues for promoting community health and improving the quality of health care delivery. Therefore, it seems necessary to examine the status of the website of the health sector of the University of Medical Sciences in promoting health literacy from the viewpoint of the students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 529 medical and allied students in schools affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran between 2016 and 2017. In this study, a valid and reliable adult health literacy questionnaire designed by Montazeri et al. was used. The questionnaire was distributed among students in medical and allied health schools and they were asked to complete the questionnaire. Independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation were used to analyze data by SPSS 19. Results: Mean scores of the participants’ attitudes towards reading of health information was 3.14 and towards decision and usage of health information was 2.53. Relationship between the study subjects’ demographic characteristics and their attitudes was significant (p

Background: Finding a valid diagnosis is mostly a prolonged process. Current advances in the sector of artificial intelligence have led to the appearance of expert systems that enrich the experiences and capabilities of doctors for making decisions for their patients. Objective: The objective of this research was developing a fuzzy expert system for diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Methods: Defining the risk factors and then, designing the fuzzy expert system for diagnosis of CF were carried out in this cross-sectional study. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, a dataset that corresponded to 70 patients with respiratory disease who were serially admitted to the CF Clinic in the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Center, Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran during August 2016 to January 2017 was considered. Whole procedures of system construction were implemented in a MATLAB environment. Results: Results showed that the suggested system can be used as a strong diagnostic tool with 93.02% precision, 89.29% specificity, 95.24% sensitivity and 92.86% accuracy for diagnosing CF. There was also a good relationship between the user and the system through the appealing user interface. Conclusion: The system is equipped with information, knowledge, and expertise from certified specialists; hence, as a training tool it can be useful for new physicians. It is worth mentioning that the accomplishment of this project depends on advocacy of decision making in CF diagnosis. Nevertheless, it is expected that the system will reduce the number of false positives and false negatives in unusual cases

Background: The level of knowledge and using health information technology by clinicians, students and staff has always been one of the essential issues in the field of health. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate HIT knowledge, attitude, and practice habits among health care professionals and students in educational hospitals in Iran. Methods: This case study was carried out in 2016 on 539 personnel of 65 educational hospitals in Iran entailing three subgroups of physicians (n=128), medical students (n=97), and health record staff (n=314). A pretested self- administered questionnaire was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of health information technology. It was comprised of three parts of "baseline general characteristics", "knowledge categories", and "attitude and practice". Results: In total, 28.8% of participants had a good level of knowledge about computer science, whereas 37.7% had a poor level of knowledge. A total of 40% showed good attitude and practice, while 25.6% had poor attitude and practice. Furthermore, 16.4% of physicians, 32% of students and 33.1% of health record staff had good knowledge, while poor knowledge was reported in 45.3% of physicians, 25.8% of students, and 37.6% of staff (p=0.304). The trend of good attitude and practice habits were respectively 28.9%, 50.5%, and 40.8% in physicians, students, and staff, whereas these trends were respectively 30.5%, 4.1%, and 29.9% for poor attitude and practice (p=0.163). Generally, the knowledge level of participants was positively related to the rate of attitude and practice (r=0.847, p

Background: Traffic accidents are one of the more important national and international issues, and their consequences are important for the political, economical, and social level in a country. Management of traffic accident information requires information systems with analytical and accessibility capabilities to spatial and descriptive data. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the capabilities of a Geographic Information System (GIS) in management of traffic accident information. Methods: This qualitative cross-sectional study was performed in 2016. In the first step, GIS capabilities were identified via literature retrieved from the Internet and based on the included criteria. Review of the literature was performed until data saturation was reached; a form was used to extract the capabilities. In the second step, study population were hospital managers, police, emergency, statisticians, and IT experts in trauma, emergency and police centers. Sampling was purposive. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on the first step data; validity and reliability were determined by content validity and Cronbach's alpha of 75%. Data was analyzed using the decision Delphi technique. Results: GIS capabilities were identified in ten categories and 64 sub-categories. Import and process of spatial and descriptive data and so, analysis of this data were the most important capabilities of GIS in traffic accident information management. Conclusion: Storing and retrieving of descriptive and spatial data, providing statistical analysis in table, chart and zoning format, management of bad structure issues, determining the cost effectiveness of the decisions and prioritizing their implementation were the most important capabilities of GIS which can be efficient in the management of traffic accident information

Background: Given the limitations of traditional citation indicators, more indicators are needed to examine the effectiveness and improvement of existing indicators. The present study aimed to investigate the association between Altmetrics activity and quality citation indicators in Iranian journals based on Clarivate Analytics, Scopus, and Medline. Methods: The research was carried out using Altmetrics method through scientometric approach. The population of the present study was Iranian medical journals, which were available at three databases of Clarivate Analytics, Scopus, and Medline. In order to obtain quality information, we've used the indicators of CiteScore, SJR, and SNIP at Scopus database as well as the impact factor at JCR database; besides, to find Altmetrics indicators and Altmetrics scores of articles, the Altmetrics explorer database was used. Results: About 16% of the articles in the reviewed journals were cited at least once in the social media and had Altmetrics scores. Among the reviewed journals, the highest rate of social media coverage was related to the Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, and the highest Altmetrics score obtained from the mean Altmetrics score of the papers was related to Cell Journal (Yakhteh). A review of quality indicators of journals with Altmetrics coverage and Altmetrics score of journals showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between the Altmetrics score and impact factor. However, any significant association was neither found between the journal's coverage and SiteScore, SNIP, SJR, nor between the journal's Altmetrics score and quality indicators. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, policy makers of scientific journals should adopt strategies that bring about social media presence; thus, we will find further Iranian articles in the social media.

Background: Hospital as core of health and care system requires an effective leadership style and suitable strategy for organizational differences and conflict’ solving. Main goal of this study is to survey of relationship between leadership style and strategy of conflict management among chief executive officers of Urmia hospitals. Materials and Methods: This analytical-descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented in Urmia hospitals in 2013. Study population of the research includes thirty top managers in ten hospitals of Urmia. Data gathered through three questionnaires (personal and job characteristic leadership style with method of Fiedler LPC and conflict management). Data analyzed through SPSS software, mainly by Chi 2, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman's Rho tests. Results: Results showed that Leadership style had significant statistical relationship with average of managers work experience (p=0.040). Also age and strategy of control had significant statistical relationship (p=0.01). Leadership styles and strategies of conflict management weren’t significantly with other descriptive variables such as (position, level of education, marriage situation, work experience, managerial studies and second job). Leadership styles and strategy of conflict management weren’t significant relationship, finally. Conclusion: Since that the determination of leadership style and methods of dealing with conflict management in hospitals is important, it is recommended that ever done comprehensive research on the effects of other factors such as organizational culture, social culture, character on leadership style and conflict management.

Background: The aim of this study was to survey the Iranian Parasitology researchers’ performance, and analyse and visualize the scientific outputs of their co-authorship network. Methods: This study was conducted using scientometric method and social network analysis (SNA). The data extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) databases in July 10th 2014. Totally, 1048documents of all types in research area of Parasitology during 1972-2013 by Iranian researches retrieved. The co-authorship map was drawn utilizing NETDRAW, Coauthor.exe, and UCINET softwares and was analysed based on SNA measures. Results: The researchers’ co-authorship network consisted of 78 authors and its density degree is 0.57. “Mohebali” ranked top in all of centrality measures.The most of the publications were related to 2012, “Mohebali” with about 9% of all documents was the Iranian most prolific author in Parasitology field. The Iranian researches have published mostly (266 documents) in “Iranian Journal of Parasitology”, and the most of the documents belong to “Tropical Medicine” subject field. The most of Iranian researchers’ scientific cooperation was performed with England and United States. Conclusion: Bringing forth density degree (is 0.57) showed that this network has an almost medium density. Indeed, the authors have had relations in moderate level with each other in the network. The findings of this study can be identified aspects of scientific collaboration, and help policy makers of Parasitology field research.

Today, images are used in almost every career, and a different range of professional groups use images in their work. They have always been used as a means to convey information. Images are very often used either alone or in compound with text, as they are able to conveying information difficult to depict in words. However, image retrieval based on syntactic features alone does not provide support for various types of queries. There is a mismatch between what the current solutions for this are able to providing, and what we demand from an image retrieval system. This gap between what is possible and what we require, by many authors has been named the "Semantic gap". The focus of this paper was how to obtain successful semantic image retrieval from large image collections. The research investigated some of the difficulties of getting correlate results when searching in image collections. A new tool, the shape thesaurus, was suggested as a step into improving image retrieval. The principal motivation behind this suggestion has been to assess the possibilities of narrowing the Semantic gap.

مقدمه: منبع اصلی درآمد بیمارستان‌ها، ارایه و فروش خدمات به بیمه‌شدگان سازمان‌های بیمه‌گر می‌باشد. بنابراین کنترل این منابع به منظور استفاده‌ی صحیح و کارآمد و جلوگیری از هدر رفتن آن‌ها، می‌تواند به ارتقای کیفیت خدمات و تسهیلات به بیمه‌شدگان و سایر افراد جامعه کمک کند. از این‌رو، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی میزان کسورات اعمال شده‌ی سازمان‌های بیمه‌گر خدمات درمانی و تأمین اجتماعی نسبت به هزینه‌های ارسالی بیمارستان‌های آموزشی دانشگاه بود. روش بررسي: مطالعه‌ی حاضر، توصیفی- مقطعی و از نوع پژوهش‌های کاربردی بود. مستندات پژوهش شامل تمام صورت حساب‌های ارسالی بیمارستان‌های آموزشی خرم‌آباد به سازمان‌های بیمه‌ی خدمات درمانی و تأمین اجتماعی در سال 1389 بود. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها چک لیست بود و داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و آمار توصیفی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. يافته‌ها: میانگین کسورات بستری و سرپایی، نسبت به صورت حساب‌هاي ارسالي به سازمان بیمه‌ی خدمات درمانی 22/4 درصد بود؛ بيشترين و کمترین میزان كسورات، به ترتیب مربوط به بيمارستان شهدای عشایر با 46/5 درصد و بیمارستان اعصاب و روان با 18/0 درصد بود. همچنین هزینه‌ی بیهوشی بیشترین درصد کسورات (46/18 درصد) را داشت. میانگین کسورات بستری و سرپایی نسبت به صورت حساب‌های ارسالی به بيمه‌ی تأمين اجتماعی 6/4 درصد بود؛ بیمارستان شهدای عشایر با 24/6 درصد بیشترین و بیمارستان اعصاب و روان با 19/0 درصد کمترین میزان کسورات برخوردار بودند. نتيجه‌گيري: اگر چه درصد كمي از صورت حساب‌هاي ارسالي، مشمول كسورات شده بودند؛ اما همين مقدار كم كسورات نيز بار مالي قابل توجهي را به بيمارستان‌ها تحميل کرده بود. مستندسازی ناقص پرونده، عدم آشنایی با سیستم اطلاعات بیمارستان، ثبت ناقص و اشتباه وارد کردن کد بیمه، زیاده خواهی، محاسبات اشتباه، عدم آموزش کافی و عوامل دیگر از علل مهم کسورات بودند. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، توصیه می‌شود که دانشگاه جهت کم کردن میزان کسورات، سیاستی مناسب اتخاذ کند. واژه‌‌هاي کليدي: بیمه؛ تأمین اجتماعی؛ خدمات بهداشتی- درمانی؛ بیمارستان‌ها

Background: Despite considerable investment in research, the existing research evidence is frequently not implemented and/or leads to useless or detrimental care in healthcare. The knowledge-practice gap proposed as one of the main causes of not achieving the treatment goals in diabetes. Iran also is facing a difference between the production and utilization of the knowledge of diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the status of diabetes knowledge translation (KT) in Iran. Methods: This was a survey that executed in 2015 by concurrent mixed methods approach in a descriptive, cross-sectional method. The research population was 65 diabetes researchers from 14 diabetes research centers throughout Iran. The research was carried out via the self-assessment tool for research institutes (SATORI), a valid and reliable tool. Focus group discussions were used to complete this tool. The data were analyzed using quantitative (descriptive method by Excel software) and qualitative approaches (thematic analysis) based on SATORI-extracted seven themes. Results: The mean of scores "the question of research," "knowledge production," "knowledge transfer," "promoting the use of evidence," and all aspects altogether were 2.48, 2.80, 2.18, 2.06, and 2.39, respectively. The themes "research quality and timeliness" and "promoting and evaluating the use of evidence" received the lowest (1.91) and highest mean scores (2.94), respectively. Except for the theme "interaction with research users" with a relatively mediocre scores (2.63), the other areas had scores below the mean. Conclusions: The overall status of diabetes KT in Iran was lower than the ideal situation. There are many challenges that require great interventions at the organizational or macro level. To reinforce diabetes KT in Iran, it should hold a more leading and centralized function in the strategies of the country′s diabetes research system.

• Introduction: One of the common methods for scientific activity assessment is scientometrics. It has been made possible with citation databases like Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. In this paper, we studied the scientific production rate of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences during 11 years via scientometrics methods. • Methods: In a descriptive, cross-sectional study, data was collected by searching WOS and Scopus databases for articles published during 1998-2008. The research population included 472 records in WOS and Scopus databases. Descriptive statistics was used in ISI and Scopuse.exe analyzers. • Results: Most of the records related to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences were published in 2008 (61 records in WOS and 79 records in Scopus). The most active author was Mehrdad Hajilooyi (17 articles in both WOS and Scopus) while the most cooperative university was Tehran University of Medical Sciences (with 23 records in WOS and 51 records in Scopus). Saudi Medical Journal (with 9 records in WOS) and Iranian Biomedical Journal (with 13 records in Scopus) had the highest number of published scientific products of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Finally, neuroscience (26 records in WOS) and general medicine (196 records in Scopus) were the most attractive subjects of scientific products published by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. • Conclusion: Although the number of scientific products of authors at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences had a dramatic increase in recent years, it is still low in comparison with other universities of medical sciences. Therefore, research policy-makers should consider different aspects such as research budget increase, scientific writing workshops, collaboration with internal and overseas scientists and etc. to promote research. • Keywords: Science; Academic Medical Centers; Universities; Databases, Bibliographic; Research Personnel.