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PurposeThis research aims to examine Generation Z's perspectives of sustainable consumption in food tourism experiences, considering the drivers on food tourists' behavioural intents and basing its analysis on the value-attitude-behaviour model of norm activation theory.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative design, 27 qualitative online surveys were conducted with Generation Z travellers who are also active on social media.FindingsResults show that while they are aware of environmental knowledge and ethical food choices and think that sustainable food consumption improves individual and social wellbeing, the sustainability of food consumption is limited by factors such as time and budget. Also, results reveal that the eating habits of Generation Z people are more sustainable when they eat at home than when they travel. Theoretical and practical implications for food tourism management and marketing are described.Originality/valueWhile food tourism has been largely investigated in recent years, little previous research has focused on the relationships between daily eating behaviours and sustainable consumption in food tourism experiences, especially from the perspective of Generation Z individuals and the influence of social media on individual and social food decisions.

PurposeThis research aims to answer two major research questions related to the COVID-19 crisis from a longitudinal approach: What is the revenue management (RM) role during the different periods subject to analysis? What are the RM strategies and measures implemented during this crisis in contrast with a non-crisis context? It also aims to propose an RM implementation model that provides a contingency plan to face future crises.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study, following a longitudinal approach, analyses three round-table discussions with 11 internationally renowned experts during three key scenarios of the COVID-19 crisis: the lockdown period (from March to June 2020) and the following two summer seasons (the post-lockdown period): Post-lockdown I (the summer campaign, 2020) and Post-lockdown II (the summer campaign, 2021). Based on a deductive approach, thematic analysis is conducted using NVivo.FindingsFurther professionalisation of revenue managers, which has enabled the correct application of strategies and measures, highlighting the importance of not lowering prices, the flexibility of booking conditions, the development of other sources of income and the increase in the value of services, amongst others, are key factors in managing this crisis. The longitudinal analysis carried out in three different periods of this crisis shows how these measures have evolved and the contrast with RM application in a non-crisis context. The revenue manager's leadership and proactivity, the holistic organisation of RM marketing, commercial and sales departments and the quick adaptation of RM systems (RMSs) by modifying their algorithms are essential to reducing the impact of COVID-19 on the hospitality industry. This crisis has led the industry to rethink processes and strategies and to increase digitalisation. The proposed model, which considers the various RM strategies and measures implemented during COVID-19 in contrast to a non-crisis context, is the cornerstone for developing a graded contingency plan to face future crises. This research sheds light on the widely discussed role of RM during this crisis.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has various limitations. First, the three round-table discussions were held online due to the health crisis, and the chosen webinar format may have biased the participants' answers due to its public nature. Second, the survey was carried out in Spanish. Despite the strong international profiles of the participants, cultural distortion may appear, suggesting that the research should possibly be extended to other cultural contexts in the future. Third, some of the participants were unable to attend all the round-table discussions due to their professional duties, so people with similar profiles were invited to the rest of the sessions.Practical implicationsThe revenue manager's leadership and proactivity, the holistic organisation of RM marketing, commercial and sales departments and the quick adaptation of RMSs by modifying their algorithms are essential to reducing the impact of COVID-19 on the hospitality industry. This crisis has led the industry to rethink processes and strategies and to increase digitalisation. The proposed model, which considers the various RM strategies and measures implemented during COVID-19 in contrast to a non-crisis context, is the cornerstone for developing a graded contingency plan to face future crises. This research sheds light on the widely discussed role of RM during this crisis.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the literature by providing a model that considers the various RM strategies and measures implemented during COVID-19 in contrast to a non-crisis context. The novelty of this research is mainly found in the conducting of a deductive and longitudinal study considering previous research focussed on RM strategies applied during the COVID-19 crisis and supplementing it with new measures by applying qualitative techniques.

PurposeThis exploratory study aims to identify the main risk reduction strategies when individuals suffer from coeliac disease (CD) or non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) travel. Based on Yeung and Yee's (2013; 2019) model, the paper offers a new framework for analysing the main travel risk reduction strategies for people with specific food needs. The empirical work focuses on the perspectives of different stakeholders (CD and NCGS community, restaurant managers/service providers and nutritionists).Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach based on thematic analysis is adopted. The results of 32 semi-structured in-depth interviews reveal different stakeholders' perspectives in order to understand the various strategies.FindingsThe findings confirm the high level of consensus that the main food risk reducers are: travel information, staff training in safety assurance, legislation and risk prevention protocols. The findings also show significant limitations in the information offered by restaurants, organisations and tourist destinations and the negative repercussions on the tourist experience and the reputation on a particular destination.Practical implicationsThe results will help hospitality business managers and destination management organisations develop food risk reduction strategies to solve some of the most important food-related problems when people in this market segment travel.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the literature by providing a new framework on travel risk reduction strategies for people with specific food needs. The novelty of this research is mainly found in the study of risk reduction strategies related to the travel decision-making process for those with CD and NCGS from different perspectives.

The objective of this paper is to examine how Industry 4.0 tools help to understand museum performance and to facilitate the development of co-creation strategies. A case study explores the museum ...

Objective: The identification of museum attributes is essential when analysing the different factors that attract visitors and studying it in order to improve efficiency in museums, as this could affect the use of funds for developing a marketing campaign to attract visitors. This paper offers a literature review that considers museum visits and museum attributes before proposing a methodology. Methodology: The use of big data applied to tourism research is vital, as it allows for the consideration of the opinions of museum visitors. The case study in this paper is the Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum in Madrid, Spain. The method for identifying the attributes consists of a textual analysis of TripAdvisor reviews written in English (2500) and Spanish (2500). The information is captured using WebHarvy and is analysed using Nvivo12. Results: After analysing the thousand words that were used most frequently, the main attributes were detected, as well as whether the perception of these attributes was positive or negative. The museum’s location and the building itself were the most highly valued attributes. Other attributes that were valued positively were the peripheral services of the museum, such as its food and beverage services. Limitations: The main limitation is that TripAdvisor is not an entirely reliable source of information, so it will be necessary to obtain more reviews to analyse.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the #MeToo movement in the work environment of professional football organizations in Spain. It also explores the current situation of the professional career of women working in this industry to know if the opportunities are equal for men and women to reach management or executive positions. Design/methodology/approach From a gender approach and considering gender as a social structure (Risman, 2004), the authors are going to analyse men and women’s professional careers in football organizations from a three-dimensional gender perspective (individual, interactional and institutional). The objective is twofold: to know the effect of the #MeToo movement in these organizations; and also to know the opinion of both men and women of these organizations concerning gender influence for women’s career progression. The methodology implemented in this investigation is qualitative; 24 in-depth interviews (12 men and 12 women) have been carried out with professionals from different executive positions in both football clubs and organizations. Findings The gender approach improves current knowledge about women’s roles in the football industry. The exploratory analysis of the results shows that although the #MeToo phenomenon is relatively known it has had an indirect impact in Spanish football, where its consequences have not been as visible as in other sectors. Originality/value The paper provides an exploratory approach by analysing the effects of the #MeToo movement in the football sector, an area where almost no previous research has been done. Also, it presents the main factors that influence women’s professional careers in this sector and the significance of the recent #MeToo phenomenon in the football industry.

PurposeThis research explores the consequences of a health crisis provoked by a pandemic scenario on music festival impacts considered by the stakeholders involved. The purpose of this paper is to identify the perceptions from the stakeholders' point of view (host community, public and private sector) and to identify the impacts generated before and after a health crisis regarding the celebration of a festival.Design/methodology/approachThe study offers a holistic insight into impact research by music festivals. The methodology implemented is based on qualitative techniques. By conducting 20 in-depth interviews with essential stakeholders, it is possible to determine their perceptions of the impact of the event and the effects of a health crisis.FindingsThe results allow detecting a gap between internal and external stakeholders due to poor communication and planning of the event. The results show that a health crisis provokes negative impacts on the economic benefits of events' organisation. However, the cultural city's identity suffers an important damage that it is difficult to overcome. The community and visitors are the stakeholders that suffer a detrimental impact on their experience when attending the festival, considering the security measures. Moreover, results allow us to identify practical implications for event management and planning in a health crisis scenario.Originality/valueThe most important contribution of this research is the theoretical model proposed to analyse stakeholders' perception of the event celebration in a context of a health crisis. The model also considers different moments of the social exchange. The theoretical approaches considered theory of social exchange (SET) and Visitor, Industry, Community and Environment (VICE) models allow analysing the stakeholder's perception of a case study of a music festival (Viña Rock Festival, Spain). The emerging and central role of the cooperation between stakeholders constitutes another notable contribution to the literature.

Museums need to apply sustainable criteria in order to evaluate performance and improve results. This paper aims to determine a methodological model that allows the analysis of the economic...

This paper explores the new travel risk scenario by analysing travel risk perception during the pandemic and proposes measures to improve traveller confidence based on the issue-attention cycle. The study was conducted during two stages of the pandemic. During the initial stage, travellers’ decision-making process was studied to learn why travellers chose to maintain or cancel travel plans and what variables influenced their travel risk perception. An online survey was conducted with data collected from 1075 travellers residing in 46 countries (52 nationalities). The second stage of the study started at the beginning of de-escalation in Europe. A qualitative study was conducted in which 28 international hospitality experts were interviewed. They were asked about specific measures to encourage tourism from a global perspective. The results help tourism authorities and companies better understand tourist behaviour and provide concrete measures for restarting tourism.

The growing implementation of robotics in hospitality and tourism requires broader research into customers' experience with service robots. This study explores human-robot interaction (HRI) in the context of tourists interacting with hotel service robots. The data, 7994 online TripAdvisor reviews of 74 hotels, were subjected to a content analysis based on the Service Robot Acceptance Model (sRAM) and its dimensions (functional, social-emotional and relational). A sentiment analysis was also carried out. The results identify the principal dimensions and variables involved in HRI and the feelings robots inspire in different types of travellers. Guests most often comment on the functional dimension. Robots' functions determine this experience and influence the interaction between robots and hotel guests.