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The role of leadership is very strategic and important for the achievement of the mission, vision and goals of an organization, is one of the motives that encourage humans to always investigate the intricacies associated with leadership. Transformational leadership basically encourages subordinates to do better Behavior demanded by today's organizations is not only in-role behavior but also extra- role behavior. Extra-role behavior is also called the Organizational itizenship Behavior.OCB is a term used to identify the employee behaviors that can be called a "good employee". If employees in the organization have OCB, efforts to control employee declined, since employees can control their own behavior or being able to choose the best behavior for the benefit of the organization. OCB will enhance transformational leadership because the good nature of OCB will influence the behavior of the leader. There is a significant influence ith the value of P = 0.00 between OCB and transformational leadership. This shows there is an increase in transformational leadership due to OCB behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South China Sea dispute has emerged as a complex and highly contentious issue with significant implications for regional stability. From a realist perspective, these disputes reflect power struggles and influence among claimant states, driven by their desire to secure strategic interests in the region. Neighboring countries, recognizing the impact of China's rise as a great power, have responded by boosting their military capabilities and forming alliances to counterbalance China's growing influence. However, analyzing South China Sea disputes through a realist lens provides valuable insights into power struggles, vested interests, and security issues underlying the conflict. Through a critical review of territorial claims, legal frameworks, and the historical context of disputes, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of such disputes. In addition, the report explores the geopolitical implications and involvement of major powers in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the factors affecting the unemployment rate in Indonesia by focusing on three important aspects: global description, the role of the government in reducing unemployment, and the role of e-commerce or business digitalization in minimizing unemployment. The results of the analysis show the complexity and variety of factors affecting unemployment, including the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and labor market. The role of government in formulating economic policies, workforce training, and social protection has major implications in reducing unemployment. In addition, technology and business digitalization through e-commerce also make a positive contribution in creating new jobs and independent job opportunities. However, to achieve a sustainable reduction in unemployment, an integrated approach is needed that considers economic dynamics, cooperation between different sectors, and adaptation to continuous changes in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's technology continues to grow and users begin to feel the benefits of using the internet. Some feel dependence on the presence of the Internet, including the activities of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) using information technology in their business, especially in the era of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The purpose of this study is to describe in general the impact of digital marketing on SME sales in Batam City. This research is qualitative in nature and uses a triangular model that combines structured interview methods, in-depth interviews and observations of MSMEs participants who actively participate in Market Community Improvement Services – Cooperatives and SMEs in the City. From the results of the study it can be seen that digital marketing facilitates communication and direct interaction between MSME players and consumers, increasing market share, increasing the visibility of MSME players and increasing sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]