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Objective: Formula milk aims to mimic breast milk or can serve as a complementary diet, thus reducing the risk of developing nutritional deficiencies. In this study, we evaluated the factors affecting compliance with the use of prebiotic formula milk with a galacto-oligosaccharides/fructo-oligosaccharides ratio of 9: 1. Methods: The study included 63 healthy girls and 58 healthy boys who consumed formula milk for 4-12 months. A brief survey was conducted among the parents of these children at the end of the first and third months. Height, weight for age, and weight for height z-scores were compared between the first and follow-up visits. Perceived symptoms, frequency of infections, complementary food intake, and frequency of stool movements were also discussed. Results: The anthropometrics significantly increased over the three months. Intolerability negatively affected compliance with formula use (p

INTRODUCTION[|]The problem of the connection between theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge leads to the inadequate training of physicians that results in inaccurate prescriptions. Case-based learning (CBL) is a universal paradigm often used within the medical curriculum, and it encourages self-assessment while enabling the learner to generate analytical and diagnostic solutions to a real scenario. However, its applications are limited and more research is needed to test its compatibility with students with different learning styles. [¤]METHODS[|]CBL-based pharmacology courses have been integrated into the 3rd year curriculum of Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine. A 15-question questionnaire was filled out by 67 students who were informed in advance to evaluate the CBL-based lessons. In addition, 37 of the participants were asked to complete an approved VARK questionnaire. In this way, traditional education systems were evaluated in terms of learning styles with CBL.[¤]RESULTS[|]According to the majority of the students participating in the study, CBL is a very useful learning method compared to traditional learning methods by making it easier to direct real life cases. In addition, no significant difference was found between the answers of students with various preferences, such as multi-modal or single-modal learning styles, in terms of the evaluation of CBL. [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]The students' survey results showed that the CBL-based curriculum was a useful motivating method. This study shows that CBL is a teaching system that can be adapted to each type of student regardless of the learning style and it is a learning method that can be applied in other fields besides Clinical Pharmacology.[¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]This study aims to investigate the effects of Turkey's adoption of clinical trial (CT) regulations and international guidelines on CTs conducted in Turkey over the course of the 24 years. [¤]METHODS[|]The ClinicalTrials.gov website and its advanced filtering were used to identify registered CTs performed in Turkey during four six-year intervals. Various characteristics of the CTs, such as design, phase distribution, participant age, and type of funding, and the percentage of surgery-related CTs, were analyzed.[¤]RESULTS[|]The number of CTs conducted in Turkey increased exponentially during the 24-year study period, from 23 studies between 01/01/1994 and 01/01/2000 to 1930 studies between 01/01/2012 and 01/01/2018. Phase distribution analysis showed that there were more late-phase CTs than early-phase CTs in Turkey during the study period.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Modernization of Turkey's regulations for CTs facilitated the relevant growth of CTs in Turkey. Considering Turkey's unique geographic location, technological advancements, and ease of patient recruitment, the observed exponential increase in the number of CTs performed is not surprising. The higher number of late-phase CTs, as compared to early-phase CTs in Turkey, indicates that late-phase CTs may be more common in developing countries because they are less expensive to conduct that early-phase CTs and the pool of potential participants are naive.[¤]

IntroductionCow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most commonly encountered food allergy in the world, usually seen in infants under the age of 2 years. This study aims to determine the factors including COVID-19 affecting formula compliance of CMPA patients.MethodsThis study is a prospective, observational study based on 10 different Paediatric Allergy-Immunology clinics in Turkey. Patients aged between 6 months and 2 years, who were followed up with IgE-mediated CMPA treatment or newly diagnosed and using breast milk and/or formula were included in the study. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, their symptoms, the treatments they received, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to formula were evaluated with a questionnaire administered to the parents.ResultsThe compliance rate for formula-based treatment was 30.8% (IQR: 28.3, SD: 21.86). The number of patients with a single and multiple food allergy was 127 (51.6%) and 71 (28.9%), respectively. Breastfeeding duration, daily amount of prescribed formula and addition of sweetener to the formula were found to reduce compliance (p = 0.010, p = 0.003, and p = 0.004, respectively). However, it was determined that the patient's height, weight, age at diagnosis, and age of formula onset did not have a significant effect on compliance.ConclusionIt was found that the duration of breastfeeding, the increase in the daily amount of formula requirement, and the addition of sweeteners had adverse effects on formula compliance. There was no significant correlation between the formula adherence of CMPA patients and the pandemic.

Objective:To analyze the rates and types of ongoing urological surgery clinical trials (CTs) in the Middle East (ME) and worldwide.Materials and Methods:The number of urological surgery CTs was identified via the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Studies were further analyzed using different filters present in ClinicalTrials.gov.Results:Vast majority of urological surgery CTs are progressing in North America and Europe with 71.53%. The ME accounts for only 6.19%. In the ME, only Turkiye hosts studies of pediatric urological surgery. Additionally, the vast majority of adult studies were also belongs to Turkiye with 64%. Further, the large portion of conducted CTs in the ME is phase 3 studies and studies with no phase indicated. Similarly, all urological surgery CTs conducted in Turkiye are in later phases or with no phase indicated. Moreover, industry resources are not directed upon these studies in the ME. Few countries use the advantages of industry resources for conducting urological surgery CTs.Conclusion:The ME should be considered as a fertile land for adopting urological surgery CTs due to high population despite low ongoing studies. The lack of industry support in the ME is another problem, which may improve via rendering the ME more attractive for sponsors by adopting new regulatory guidelines for some of the countries.