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The object of this study was the concrete structures of a chemical enterprise for the production of titanium dioxide. In this case, the ore is decomposed with sulfate acid according to the sulfate production technology. In an aggressive environment, chemical corrosion of concrete occurs, prolonged over time. Using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis methods, the mineral composition of two prototypes of concrete was determined. It was found that the sample obtained from the workshop for processing ore with sulfate acid showed an increased content of sulfur oxide (SO2) on the surface, by 33%, with a reduced content of carbonates (CaCO3) on the surface, by 52.9%, at a depth of 2cm – by 53.65, compared to another (control) sample. At the same time, iron oxide (Fe2O3) was found on the surface in a sample of concrete from the ore storage room (control), the content of which decreased by 10.4% at a depth of 2cm, and by 12.4% at a depth of 4cm. The results of electron microscopy show sulfur crystals on the surface of a concrete sample. It was also found that the microstructure of concrete was changed under the influence of sulfate corrosion, depending on the intensity of the exposure to a depth of 2 to 4cm. By the method of thermoprogrammed mass spectrometry, it was established that when a sample of concrete exposed to sulfate acid is heated to a temperature of 400°C, sulfur dioxide SO2is released mainly from the surface. From the surface of the control sample, which contains a significant amount of CaCO3, which is easily destroyed by sulfate acid, there is probably a smaller amount of the product of thermal destruction of calcium carbonate carbon dioxide (CO2). The results of the experiment can be used to study the mechanism of development of sulfate corrosion of concrete prolonged over time.

The object of this study is the regularity of changes in the biogenic destructive effect of microorganisms on the concrete structural elements of livestock facilities due to the use of the original liquid phase mixture of disinfectant based on aldehyde and surfactant. Microorganisms use construction materials as a substrate for growth and nutrition; they produce citric acid, which leads to a change in the composition and morphology of hydrated cement new formations. The composition of the microflora of the pigsty has been determined, and the minimum concentration of disinfectant based on glutaraldehyde and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride was found. By the TPD MS method, a decrease in the intensity of carbon dioxide (CO2) release in concrete samples during the heating of the sample to 900°C was proved, compared to the control intact corrosion sample. Electron microscopy of concrete samples shows the presence of destructive changes and colonies of micromycetes. It was established that calcite was intensively released in the control sample of concrete, which retained its integrity and was not subjected to corrosion when heated to a temperature of 600°C. Electron microscopy confirms the preservation of the homogeneous structure of concrete. The use of a disinfectant based on glutaraldehyde and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride at a concentration of 1% destroys colonies of micromycetes, 2% – the shell of microorganisms, and 3% – biofilm. Treatment of concrete with a disinfectant at a concentration of 3% destroys microorganisms Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium oxalicum, inhibits the process of biological corrosion of concrete, and strengthens the structure of concrete. The results of the experiment can be applied to inhibit the corrosion of concrete and extend the life of building structures made of concrete through the use of a disinfectant based on aldehyde and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride at a concentration of 3%.

Результати досліджень для визначення впливу наночастинок діоксиду титану (nanoTiO2), тонкодисперсної кристалічної лінії анатазу діоксиду титану (anatazTiO2) та поверхнево-активних речовин (ПАР) на міцність на стиск, ступінь проникності та термостійкість зразків бетону представлений. Додавання до цементу частинок нанотитану, анатазу титану та ПАР до 2% прискорює процес гідратації та збільшує міцність бетону, а також сильно впливає на його мікроструктуру. В результаті досліджень експериментально доведено, що міцність бетону на стиск зростає з додаванням наночастинок діоксиду титану (nanoTiO2) на 23,2%, тонкодисперсного кристалічного діоксиду титану анатазу (anatazTiO2) на 21,7% до 5% по масі. Крім того, введення цих добавок знижує проникність бетону. Це пов’язано зі зменшенням поглинання бетону водою з додаванням нанотитану та анатазу титану. Введення добавок від 1% до 5% по масі в бетон зменшує глибину проникнення хлориду в 10–15 разів порівняно з контролем. Використання методу запрограмованої температурою десорбційної мас-спектрометрії (TPD-MS) показало, що збільшення відсотка наночастинок TiO2 до 5% у бетонних сумішах корелює зі збільшенням мікропористості та рівня дисперсії цих сумішей, що спричиняє зміщення піки інтенсивного виділення газу із зразків при нагріванні до бокових низьких температур (наприклад, вуглекислий газ CO2). Отримані зразки бетону планується використовувати для виготовлення підлог у тваринницьких будівлях. Введені добавки вибирають, оскільки вони не є токсичними речовинами і, контактуючи з біологічним середовищем тваринницьких будівель (сеча, кал), не будуть з ними реагувати. Приведены результаты исследований по определению влияния наночастиц диоксида титана (nanoTiO2), мелкодисперсного кристаллического диоксида титана анатаза (anatazTiO2) и поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ) на прочность на сжатие, степень проницаемости и термостойкость бетонных образцов. Добавление в цемент частиц нанотитана, анатаза титана и поверхностно-активных веществ до 2% ускоряет процесс гидратации и увеличивает прочность бетона, а также сильно влияет на его микроструктуру. В результате исследований экспериментально доказано, что прочность бетона на сжатие увеличивается при добавлении наночастиц диоксида титана (nanoTiO2) на 23,2%, мелкодисперсного кристаллического диоксида титана анатаза (anatazTiO2) на 21,7% до концентрации 5% по массе. Кроме того, введение этих добавок снижает проницаемость бетона. Это связано с уменьшением впитывания бетона водой при добавлении нанотитана и анатаза титана. Введение в бетон добавок от 1% до 5% по массе снижает глубину проникновения хлоридов в 10–15 раз по сравнению с контролем. Использование метода термопрограммируемой десорбционной масс-спектрометрии (TPD-MS) показало, что увеличение процентного содержания наночастиц TiO2 до 5% в бетонных смесях коррелирует с увеличением микропористости и уровня дисперсности этих смесей, что вызывает сдвиг в пики интенсивного газовыделения из образцов при нагреве в сторону низких температур (например, углекислый газ СО2). Полученные образцы бетона планируется использовать для изготовления полов в животноводческих помещениях. Вводимые добавки выбраны потому, что они не являются токсичными веществами и при контакте с биологической средой животноводческих помещений (моча, фекалии) не вступают с ними в реакцию. The results of studies to determine the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nanoTiO2), finely dispersed anatase crystal¬line titanium dioxide (anatazTiO2) and surface-active substances (surfactants) on the compressive strength, degree of permeability and thermal stability of concrete samples are presented. Adding particles of nanotitanium, anatase titanium and surfactants up to 2 % to cement accelerates the hydration process and increases the strength of concrete, and also has a strong effect on its microstructure. As a result of the studies, it is experimentally proved that the compressive strength of concrete increases with the addition of titanium dioxide (nanoTiO2) nanoparticles by 23.2 %, finely dispersed anatase crystalline titanium dioxide (anatazTiO2) by 21.7 % to 5 % concentration by weight. In addition, the introduction of these additives reduces the permeability of concrete. This is due to a decrease in the absorp¬tion of concrete by water with the addition of nanotitanium and anatase titanium. The introduction of additives from 1 % to 5 % by weight in concrete reduces the depth of chloride penetration by 10–15 times, compared with the control. The use of temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) method has shown that an increase in the percentage of TiO2 nanoparticles to 5 % in concrete mixtures correlates with an increase in microporosity and dispersion level of these mixtures, which causes a shift in the peaks of intense gas evolution from the samples when heated to the side low temperatures (for example, carbon dioxide CO2). The resulting concrete samples are planned to be used for the manufacture of floors in livestock buildings. The injected additives are selected because they are not toxic substances and, in contact with the biological environment of livestock buildings (urine, feces), will not react with them.

A large number of dairy cows in Ukrainian farms suffer from subclinical mastitis, which leads to significant economic losses in agriculture. Conditioned upon the lack of clinical manifestations it is difficult to detect, in particular, explained by insufficient information about the microbial composition of milk. The ban on the use of antibiotics for productive animals is forcing new safe and effective remedies. The aim of the study was to determine the therapeutic effect of Bacillus megaterium NCH 55 in subclinical mastitis of Holstein cows. Research materials – milk of cows with subclinical mastitis, isolates of microorganisms and B. megaterium NCH 55. Methods used: California test for mastitis; microscopic test to count the total number of somatic cells by the method of Prescott and Britt; bacterial method for the study of microorganisms; polymerase chain reaction to determine Mycoplasma spp. in milk; spectrophotometry; method VI Brillis to determine the adhesive properties of Bacillus megaterium NCH 55; determination of antagonistic properties of B. megaterium by diffusion into agar wells; the method of flow cytometry using the device “SomaCount Flow Cytometer”; physiological. The experiment was conducted in dairy farms of the North-Eastern region of Ukraine: LLC agrofirm “Lan”, LLC agrofirm “Vorozhbalatinvest”, LLC agrofirm “Vladana” in the period February-August 2021. Isolates of S. aureus, S. agalactiae, E. coli enterohemorrhagic, E. coli, Candida, E. fecalis, S. epidermidis and Mycoplasma spp. were detected in milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis. Microscopic studies have shown that Bacillus megaterium NCH 55 are white gram-positive rods that have low adhesive properties and form spores. The greatest antagonism of B. megaterium is shown in relation to bacterial isolates in concentration of 1×109, CFU/g. In 70% of cows that reached a productivity of more than 30 kg/day on the 30th day of research, milk parameters such as the number of somatic cells (CSC ≤400 thousand/cm3) and the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (kMAFANM) (≤100 thousand CFU/cm3) corresponded to the class “Extra”. The recovery time of animals with subclinical mastitis depended on the degree of damage to the breast and individual characteristics of the organism. Cows that did not reach a productivity of 30 kg/day continued treatment individually. The number of somatic cells in the milk of cows was ≤500 thousand/cm3 and kMAFAnM ≤200 thousand CF/cm3. Велика кількість дійних корів у господарствах України страждає на субклінічний мастит, що призводить до значних економічних втрат у сільському господарстві. Через відсутність клінічних проявів його складно виявляти, зокрема, і через недостатню інформацію про мікробний склад молока. Заборона на використання антибіотиків для продуктивних тварин примушує до пошуку нових безпечних ефективних засобів. Метою дослідження було визначення лікувального ефекту Bacillus megaterium NCH 55 за субклінічного маститу корів породи голштин. Матеріали дослідження – молоко корів за субклінічного маститу, ізоляти мікроорганізмів та В. megaterium NCH 55. Використані методи: каліфорнійській тест на мастит; мікроскопічний тест для підрахунку загальної кількості соматичних клітин методом Прескотта і Бритта; бактеріальний метод для дослідження мікроорганізмів; полімеразна ланцюгова реакція для визначення Mycoplasma spp. в молоці; спектрофотометрію; методом В.І. Бриліса для визначення адгезивних властивостей Bacillus megaterium NCH 55; визначення антагоністичних властивостей В. megaterium методом дифузії в агарові лунки; метод проточної цитометрії за допомогою приладу «SomaCount Flow Cytome-ter»; фізіологічний. Експеримент проводився у молочних господарствах Північно-східного регіону України: ТОВ агрофірма «Лан», ТОВ агрофірма «Ворожбалатінвест», ТОВ агрофірма «Владана» у період лютийсерпень 2021 року. У зразках молока корів хворих на субклінічну форму маститу були виявлені ізоляти: S. aureus, S. Agalactiae, E. coli ентерогеморагічна, E. coli, Candida, E. fecalis, S. Epidermidis та Mycoplasma spp. Мікроскопічними дослідженнями встановлено, що Bacillus megaterium NCH 55 являють собою білі грампозитивні палички, які мають низькі адгезивні властивості та утворюють спори. Найбільший антогонізм В. megaterium проявляє стосовно бактеріальних ізолятів у концентрації 1×109 , КУО/г. У 70 % корів, які на 30 добу досліджень досягли продуктивності понад 30 кг/добу показники молока такі як кількість соматичних клітин (КСК ≤400 тис./см3) та кількість мезофільнихаеробних і факультативно-анаеробних мікроорганізмів (кМАФАнМ) (≤100 тис.КУО/см3) відповідали класу «Екстра». Термін одужання тварин хворих на субклінічний мастит залежав від ступеня ураження молочної залози та індивідуальних особливостей організму. Коровам, які не досягли продуктивності 30 кг/добу продовжили лікування в індивідуальному порядку. При цьому у молоці корів кількість соматичних клітин була ≤500 тис/см3 та кМАФАнМ ≤200 тис.КУО/см3.

Natural plant bio-additives deserve special attention, because due to their natural properties they provide dairy products with functional properties. The use of such additives makes it possible to fill the shortage of essential nutrients, increase non-specific resistance of an organism to the effect of unfavorable environmental factors. A skillful combination of cryopowders and the dairy base are very promising both in technological and social terms. The technology of curd desserts with varying fat mass fraction using the cryopowder "Beet" was developed. The expedience of using the cryopowder "Beet" in the technology of new sweet curd mass was substantiated. The optimal dose of the cryopowder "Beet" was proposed. The possibility of using the cryopowder "Beet" as a component of health promoting curd desserts was studied. The amount of the specified cryo-additive varies depending on the fat mass fraction of the dairy base. The organoleptic, physical, and chemical and microbiological characteristics were studied in the experimental samples. An analysis of organoleptic characteristics of curd masses with the cryopowder "Beet" shows that they did not have any substantial changes and fully comply with regulatory requirements. Thus, the color of the sweet curd mass was light-beet, raspberry with separate white inclusions of crushed powder-like cryogenic bio-additive. The curd masses retained the smell of fresh sour milk. When introducing the cryopowder "Beet" into the curd mass, the energy value grew. The revealed changes in the amino acid composition of curd masses indicate that the use of cryopowder "Beet" makes it possible to enhance nutritional and biological value of the protein component. In particular, we established an increase in the total amount of amino acids by 1.73 %; by 1.16 % in the composition of essential amino acids, and by 2.17 % in the composition of non-essential amino acids. The proposed product expands the domestic range of dairy products for functional purposes.

Crafty combination of cryopowders as bio-supplements to the “milk” base has great prospects in both bio-technological and social aspect. Main criteria at developing recipes of cheese masses were a search for optimal ratios of components for getting proper normative taste characteristics. In this connection, there is offered to study the influence of cryopowders “Broccoli” and “Laminaria” on quality parameters of cheese masses of the new generation, namely ones of the treating-prophylactic destination. The analysis of organoleptic characteristics of salty cheese masses with the cryopowders “Laminaria” and “Broccoli” demonstrates that they have undergone no essential changes and correspond to normative requirements. Thus, the color of salt masses with the cryopowder “Laminaria” was light-grey with a green tint: at using the cryopowder “Broccoli” – grey with a yellow tint. The smell of cheese masses remained fresh, sour-milk. But the expressed smell of the added cryosupplement was felt in samples. The smack of experimental samples at adding the cryopowder “Broccoli” was more expressed. Their consistence was homogenous, delicate, paste-like. The titrated acidity of experimental samples of salty cheese masses with the cryopowder “Laminaria” was 124–1300Т, mass share of moisture 62–60 % and mass share of dry substance – 40–38 %, and values of energetic value were 164 and 118 kcal/100 g of the product. The titrated acidity of experimental samples of salty cheese masses with the cryopowder “Broccoli” was 126–1340Т, mass share of moisture 63–66 % and mass share of dry substances – 34–37 %, and values of energetic value were 174 and 128 kcal/100 g of the product. Cheese salty masses with using the cryopowders “Laminaria” and “Broccoli” as phytosupplements are products of the increased biological value, which production doesn’t need the additional specialized equipment, is a potential source as to widening the assortment of products of the treating-prophylactic destination.

Background: Colostrum is the first food for mammals that should give a head start to the newborn organism. By providing the body with essential nutrients, colostrum plays an immune and immunostimulating function. Colostrum quality depends on multiple factors, including microbial effect. Widespread coagulase-negative staphylococci have a great impact on colostrum qualitative indicators. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of staphylococci on colostrum quality. Results: Physical, chemical properties and fatty acid profile of cow’s colostrum were determined. In our study we identified three pathogenic coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in the cows’ colostrum: S. sciuri (64.29 %), S. xylosus (28.57 %) and S. warneri (7.14 %). We noted that the somatic cell count (SCC) in the affected colostrum samples wasn’t noticeably higher than that in the uninfected colostrum samples. Percentage of dry matter in infected and uninfected colostrum samples was nearly the same. Contents of fat, protein, and lactose in the studied colostrum were not significantly different. The content of butyric (С4:0) and capric (С10:0) acids was significantly higher (PConclusions: According to our research infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci negatively affects colostrum patameters primarily due to an increase in SCC, acidity and decrease in β-casein level. Moreover, significant decrease in total bacterial count in infected by CNS samples may be caused by a decrease in the level of beneficial microflora. Minor changes in fatty acid profile of fat in colostrum with CNS do not have a significant negative effect on colostrum as a whole. But in view of the fact that colostrum is intended for feeding a newborn with a "sterile" gastrointestinal tract, the presence of CNS will undoubtedly leads to a great threat to an immature organism.