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Flavonoids have many biological properties, such as anticancer activity. Chalcones, one of their subunits, attribute their biological activity to their enone part. The presence of dinitrophenyl group in bischalcone because of its radiosensitivity property is important. Radiosensitivity property reduces radiation time in cancer patients and reduces damage to their healthy tissues. In this regard, 2,4-dinitrophenyl bischalcones were synthesized. The presence of 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde as a fixed component in synthesis pathway, leads to a reduction in yield of synthesis by common catalysts. Therefore, in this study, for bis-chalone synthesis, we used Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4/L-Proline nanocomposite as a green recoverable bifunctional organocatalyst. This catalyst was recovered simply by applying an external magnet and reused for eight runs. In this research, chalcones and asymmetric bis-chalcones have been synthesized with diverse substitutes in high yields (78–97%). Also, short reaction times (10–82 min), and simple experimental procedures with easy work-up are advantages of the introduced procedure. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point and analytical techniques. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR.

Objective: The present research describes a new radiosynthesis of 5-(4-((4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)oxy)-3-methoxybenzyl)pyrimidine- 2,4-diamine as a potential radioligand for colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) and tyrosine kinase B/C (TrkB/C) neuroreceptors. Methods: Radiofluorination of a boronic acid precursor followed by thermal deprotection of Boc-protecting groups avoided acidcatalyzed protodeboronation in 8.7 ± 2.8% radiochemical yield. Results: Competitive autoradiographic binding research indicated a high unspecific binding, and that binding to TrkB/C could be blocked while binding to CSF-1R was not. In a rat model, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan indicated a moderate brain uptake and slow clearance rate. Conclusion: Moreover, the poor pharmacokinetic features of 5-(4-((4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)oxy)-3-methoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4- diamine prevented its utilization as a PET radioligand in brain scanning, but 1-pot synthesis (which is a strategy to improve the effectiveness of the chemical reaction occurring by the use of copper, 18F-fluorination, and Boc deprotection) is an approach to the radio-synthesis of PET tracers (which are sensitive to acid).

Background. Currently, a novel coronavirus found in 2019 known as SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Various parameters including clinical manifestations and molecular evaluation can affect the accuracy of diagnosis. This review aims to discuss the various clinical symptoms and molecular evaluation results in COVID-19 patients, to point out the importance of onset symptoms, type, and timing of the sampling, besides the methods that are used for detection of SARS-CoV-2. Methods. A systematic literature review of current articles in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline. Results. Of the 12946 patients evaluated in this investigation, 7643 were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive by molecular techniques, particularly the RT-PCR/qPCR combined technique (qRT-PCR). In most of the studies, all of the enrolled cases had 100% positive results for molecular evaluation. Among the COVID-19 patients who were identified as such by positive PCR results, most of them showed fever or cough as the primary clinical signs. Less common symptoms observed in clinically confirmed cases were hemoptysis, bloody sputum, mental disorders, and nasal congestion. The most common clinical samples for PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were obtained from throat, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal swabs, while tears and conjunctival secretions seem to be the least common clinical samples for COVID-19 diagnosis among studies. Also, different conserved SARS-CoV-2 gene sequences could be targeted for qRT-PCR detection. The suggested molecular assay being used by most laboratories for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is qRT-PCR. Conclusion. There is a worldwide concern on the COVID-19 pandemic and a lack of well-managed global control. Hence, it is crucial to update the molecular diagnostics protocols for handling the situation. This is possible by understanding the available advances in assays for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Good sampling procedure and using samples with enough viral loads, also considering the onset symptoms, may reduce the qRT-PCR false-negative results in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Selection of the most efficient primer-probe for target genes and samples containing enough viral loads to search for the existence of SARS-CoV-2 helps detecting the virus on time using qRT-PCR.

The aim of this survey was an evaluation of the diffusion brazing (DB) bonding properties of the Inconel 625 superalloy using a BNi-3 interlayer. During the inter-diffusion and the dissolution of the alloy elements at the bonding temperature, and also cooling-cycle process, the joining zone (JZ) divided into three section namely isothermal solidification zone (ISZ), diffusion affected zone (DAZ), and athermal solidification zone (ASZ) which included a Ni-rich solid solution phase, Mo and Cr-rich boride precipitation, and Mo-rich boride precipitation and also Ni-Si binary phase, respectively. The cyclic potential-dynamic polarization tests indicated an inverse relationship between the corrosion behavior and the width of the ASZ. Also, the bonding process leads to the loss of resistance to pitting corrosion. The completion of the ISZ, together with the highest corrosion resistance attained at the bonding temperature at 1180 ᵒC. Likewise, with increasing bonding temperature, the eutectic compounds decreased and ISZ completed. The highest hardness belonged to the JZ/DAZ boundary at 1060 ᵒC and ASZ at 1120 ᵒC measured as 422 HV and 390 HV, respectively; which decreased by increasing bonding temperature, but the ISZ hardness increased.

The effect of bonding time on microstructure and mechanical properties of a transient liquid phase (TLP) bonded Inconel 625 superalloy, using a BNi-2 interlayer, was investigated. The superalloy was kept in a vacuum furnace at a pressure of 10−5 torr and a temperature of 1025 °C for 35, 65 and 95 min until TLP process occurred. Microstructure analyses were performed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Microhardness examinations and shear tests were performed to determine the effect of bonding time on the mechanical behavior of TLP bonded joints. By increasing the bonding time, the diffusion of melting point depressant (MPD) increased and the isothermal solidification zone (ISZ) was completed. Isothermal solidification was completed at 1025 °C by 95 min bonding time. Also, by increasing the bonding time to 95 min, that caused the reduction of the eutectic phase, the ISZ widened and the hardness increased. At the bonding time of 35 min the amount of shear strength was 208.7 MPa, while by increasing the bonding time to 95 min, this amount increased to 448.9 MPa. So, the stress concentration factors decreased by reduction of the eutectic phases, which caused an increase in the shear strength.

Background: Detection and identification of infection from sterile inflammation foci has a crucial role in diagnosis and therapy of patients in clinical practice. Objective: To assess the efficiency of labeled human polyclonal immunoglobulin with technetium 99m in order to detect septic or aseptic lesions which were induced in a rat model. Methods: The freeze-dried IgG kits have been reconstituted by 99mTc. The radio conjugate yield, radiochemical impurities and stability radio complex were performed by ITLC (Instant Thin Layer Chromatography) and Gel filtration assays. Twenty adult, male NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) rats were randomly divided into two groups equally. Infection was induced by Staphylococcus aureus and sterile inflammation created by Carrageenan test. All lesions were created in the rat’s foot. Then radioisotope investigations were undertaken. Results: Labeling yield was approximately 98%. The radio complex showed good stability in normal saline. All affected feet could be easily visualized by imaging in qualitative study. The value of target to non-target ratio at the infection (n=10) and sterile inflammation (n=10) were 2.81±0.16 and 1.54±0.15 with p

Zoledronic acid is a bisphosphonates to treat bone problems. Rhenium-188-zoledronic acid could be used as a palliate agent in skeletal metastases. Radiolabeled product was prepared through optimized radiochemical procedures. The organs uptake especially bone uptake assessed in healthy animals mice. The radiochemical purity of the radiotracer was > 95% which was stable up to 24 h. Bone uptake (1.08 ± 0.14% ID/g at 1 h) with retention of activity in bone up to 24 h (0.26 ± 0.06% ID/g) was reached. This radiotracer can be used as a developing candidate for a palliative treatment of bone metastasis.

Imaging of inflammation has an important role in dissolving problems in diagnosis and therapy of patients with inflammatory disorders. In this study meloxican as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has been labeled with thechnetium-99m-tricarbonyl core ([(99m) Tc (CO)3 (H2 O)3 ](+) ) in order to evaluate its feasibility as an inflammation imaging agent for in vivo use. (99m) Tc-tricabonyl labeling of meloxicam was performed by its incubation with prepared precursor (99m) Tc-tricabonyl and heating in a boiling water bath for 30 min while various range of pH (1-9) was adjusted. The stability of (99m) Tc-tricarbonyl-Meloxicam was checked in human serum at 37 °C, and biodistribution was studied in mice. Labeling yield of 98.1 ± 0.4% was obtained corresponding to a specific activity of 0.14 GBq/µmol. The radioconjugate showed good stability in human serum. Our main achievement was high accumulation of (99m) Tc-tricarbonyl-Meloxicam in the inflammated muscle in mice (T/NT = 3.90 at 4 h post injection) which may diagnostically be beneficial for distinguish sites of inflammation.

Recently, cesium metal halides have shown the potential application in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. The low stability of these all-inorganic materials in the ambient condition is the main barrier that can be overcome by dimension reduction. Herein, employing density functional theory the stability and electronic structure of α -CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) 2D slabs are investigated systematically as a function of halogen-type and surface termination. The surface energies and charge distributions over the atomic layers are calculated for all slab models and based on the partial charge assigned to each atomic layer, two different polarization patterns were established for CsX- and PbX 2 -terminated surfaces. The results reveal that CsX-terminated surfaces are more stable and show better band alignment for photovoltaic applications. Also, compositional bandgap modification is demonstrated for this category of 2D perovskites. The outcome is beneficial for structural engineering, bandgap modulation, and understanding of the underlying mechanism of the interfacial charge transfer in CsPbX 3 -based devices.

A novel class of hybrid molecules 2a-o was designed as candidate antineoplastic agents from dichloroacetic acid which is a known inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and a number of cytotoxic 3,5-bis(benzylidene)-4-piperidones 1. In general these new hybrid molecules are potent cytotoxins towards human HCT116 colon cancer cells. A number of lead molecules emerged having the IC50 values in the double digit nanomolar range. Most of these compounds are less toxic to human CRL1790 non-malignant colon cells and hence the selectivity index (SI) figures for most of the compounds are huge; in the case of 2c-g, m, n, the SI values are in excess of 100. Compounds 2g, 2j, 2m and 2n displayed >100-fold higher potency than the reference drug 5-FU. Quantitative structure-activity relationships revealed that the potencies of the compounds in series 2 increase as the magnitude of the Hammett σ and Taft σ* values rise. X-ray crystallographic of a representative compound 2c revealed various structural features which may influence cytotoxic potencies. Several representative compounds lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the production of reactive oxygen species in HCT116 cells. A minimal effect was noted in altering the percentage of cells in different phases of the cell cycle. Some futuredirections have been outlined for analog development.

The main aim of this investigation is the clinical application of ultrasound irradiation technique as an alternative method to reconstitute sestamibi kits in comparison of water boiling bath method.The 740-3700 MBq (20-100 mCi) (99m)Tc-MIBI (sestamibi) complex samples were prepared due to ultrasound irradiation technique or boiled water bath method as a standard method. Twenty patients (8 men and 12 women; age range 30-72, median 52.45 years) have been referred to Golestan hospital for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). The subjects have been divided randomly into group A (3 men, 7 women, age range 36-67, median 51.7 years) and group B (5 men, 5 women, age range 30-72, median 50.3 years), respectively. The (99m)Tc-MIBI radiopharmaceuticals have been prepared by Ultrasound irradiation technique administrated to group A and (99m)Tc-MIBI complex samples due to the boiled water bath technique administrated to the other group. For all patients, the 2-day stress/rest MPI protocol was performed.The radio-HPLC and TLC studies have indicated that the (99m)Tc-MIBI complex samples with good yields could be prepared successfully due to new developed technique. The scintigraphy imaging studies have demonstrated that the (99m)Tc-sestamibi prepared due to the above-mentioned modalities shows very identical biodistribution in the heart, thyroid, lung, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, stomach, large intestine and bladder of the subjects. Any unexpected accumulation of radiotracer samples have not been observed in our approach.The ultrasound irradiation technique is convenient and sufficient method to prepare (99m)Tc-sestamibi. It can be recommended as an alternative method to reconstitute sestamibi kits particularly in emergency situations to reduce potentially medical risk by avoiding any delay in acute therapy for myocardial infarction.

Even in recent decades, one of the major causes of death and unhealthiness in the whole world is infection and inflammation. The use of radiopharmaceuticals is a powerful tool in managing the patients with infectious diseases. In this study, ofloxacin as a second-generation fluoroquinolone has been labeled with 99mTc(CO)3(H2O) 3+ core to formulate a suitable infection imaging agent. Ofloxacin was radiolabeled with 99mTc using carbonyl core. Radioligand chemical analysis involved HPLC methods. Radioconjugate stability and lipophilicity were determined. Binding with Staphylococcus aureus and biodistribution in infected mice for labeled compound were studied. The radioligand was characterized by HPLC, and its radiochemical purity was more than 90%. In vitro stability studies have shown the complex was stable at least 6 h after labeling at room temperature. The n-octanol/water partition coefficient experiment exhibited logP = 1.52 ± 0.21 for 99mTc(CO)3-ofloxacin. The complex showed specific binding to S. aureus. Biodistribution results showed that radioligand had high accumulation in the infected muscle in a mice (T/NT = 2.02 ± 0.12 at 4 h postinjection). On the basis of stability and infection site uptake ratio, suitability of this complex as a radiotracer for imaging of infections is recognized. Ofloxacin was radiolabeled with 99mTc using carbonyl core. Radioconjugate stability and lipophilicity were determined. Binding with Staphylococcus aureus and biodistribution in infected mice for labeled compound were studied. The complex showed specific binding to S. aureus. Biodistribution results showed that radioligand had high accumulation in the infected muscle in mice (T/NT = 2.02 ± 0.12 at 4 h post injection). © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The (37MBq) 99mTc-MIBI complex samples were prepared due to ultrasound irradiation technique or boiled water bath method as a standard method. The qualitative and quantitative studies have been performed. The accumulation of 99mTc-MIBI complexes prepared by two above mentioned modalities were approximately 3 ± 0.1 % in the rats’ heart. The ultrasound irradiation technique is recommended to prepared 99mTc-MIBI complex in efficiently amount. Our approach can potentially reduce medical risk to the patient by avoiding any delay in acute therapy particularly for myocardial infarction patients.

Objective Rhenium-188-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate ( 188 Re-HEDP) as a first generation bisphosphonate has been widely used for bone seeking radiopharmaceutical in cases of metastatic bone disease. No study has been yet reported on preparing a complex of 188 Re with pamidronate (3-aminohydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid) (PMA) as a second generation bisphosphonate. Based on this fact, it was hypothesized that a bone-seeking 188 Re-PMA radiopharmaceutical could be developed as an agent for palliative radiotherapy of bone pain due to skeletal metastases. Methods Pamidronate was labeled with 188 ReO 4 − eluted from the alumina based 188 W/ 188 Re generator. Labeling was optimized, and radiochemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Biodistribution of this radioconjugate was evaluated and verified further in mice. Results 188 Re-PMA was prepared successfully in a high labeling yield (˃95%) corresponding to a specific activity of 124MBq/μmol and good in vitro stability, but it is likely to consist of multiple species. In biodistribution studies selective uptake and retention of activity in the skeletal system (0.81±0.25% ID/g and 0.57±0.16 at 4 and 48h in bone post injection respectively) followed by clearance in the soft tissues were observed. Conclusion These results show that due to its biological capabilities it would be advantageous to use 188 Re-PMA for bone pain palliation therapy.

In this paper the modified Lindstedt–Poincare method is used for calculation of axial secular frequencies of a nonlinear ion trap with hexapole, octopole and decapole superpositions. The motion of the ion in a rapidly oscillating field is transformed to the motion in an effective potential. The equations of ion motion in the effective potential are in the form of a Duffing-like equation. With only octopole superposition the resulted nonlinear equations are symmetric, however, in the presence of hexapole and decapole superpositions, they are asymmetric. For asymmetric oscillators, it has been pointed out that the angular frequency for positive amplitudes is different from the angular frequency for negative amplitudes. Considering this problem, the modified Lindstedt–Poincare method is used for solving the resulted nonlinear equations. As a result, the ion secular frequencies as a function of nonlinear field parameters are obtained. The calculated secular frequencies are compared with the results of some other methods and the exact results. There is an excellent agreement between the results of this paper and the exact results.

In this paper the homotopy perturbation method is used for calculation of axial secular frequencies of a nonlinear ion trap with only hexapole superposition. The motion of the ion in a rapidly oscillating field is transformed to the motion in an effective potential. The equation of ion motion in the effective potential is the equation of an anharmonic oscillator with quadratic nonlinearity. The homotopy perturbation method is used for solving the resulted nonlinear equation and obtaining the expression for ion secular frequency as a function of nonlinear field parameter. The calculated secular frequencies are compared with the results of L.–P. method and the exact results.

In this work, recently prepared 67Ga-labeled glucagon (67Ga-DTPA-GCG) for imaging studies (radiochemical purity >94%; HPLC, S.A. 296–370 GBq/mM) was used in biological studies. The wild-type rat biodistribution results, 2 h post injection, demonstrated high tissue:muscle ratios for target tissues (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, fat intestine stomach and pancreas), 234, 18.45, 7.12, 1.75, 128.7, 4.9, 6.3 and 1.11, respectively. The tracer binding capacity using freshly prepared rat brain homogenate demonstrated significant specific binding of the tracer to neuronal GCG receptors (67Ga-DTPA-GCG/67Ga:3 and 67Ga-DTPA-GCG/67GaDTPA:2.2 at 90 min). SPECT images also demonstrated target specific binding of the tracer at 4 h. The data suggests the tracer is accumulated in GCGR rich tissues 2–4 h post injection, suggesting potentials of the tracer for future imaging studies in glocagonoma models.

Various 2-benzylidene-6-(nitrobenzylidene)cyclohexanones were prepared as candidate cytotoxins in which the nitro group was located in the ortho, meta and para positions leading to series 1-3, respectively. The CC50 values towards human HSC-2 and HSC-4 oral squamous cell carcinomas as well as human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemic cells are in the low micromolar range in general. On the other hand, most of the compounds afforded clear evidence of being far less toxic towards human HGF gingival fibroblasts, HPC pulp cells and HPLF periodontal ligament. broblasts which are non-malignant cells. Selectivity index (SI) figures were generated which are the ratios of the average CC50 values towards normal cells and the CC50 figure towards a malignant cell line. Huge SI values were obtained for many of the compounds. In particular 1c, 2f, 3c and 3g which have average SI values of >76, >38, 124 and 341, respectively, are clearly lead molecules affording direction for amplification of this area of study. A lead compound 1c caused internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-3 in HL-60 cells but not in HSC-2 carcinomas. In a short-term toxicity study, doses up to and including 300 mg/kg of the majority of the compounds prepared in this study did not cause any mortalities to mice. Some guidelines for development of these tumor-selective cytotoxins are presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Three series of structurally isomeric 2-benzylidene-6-(nitrobenzylidene) cyclohexanones 1 – 3 were prepared and evaluated against human Molt/C8 and CEM T-lymphocytes as well as murine L1210 cells. The IC 50 values of the majority of compounds are less than 10 μM and in some assays, the figures for 1d and 1e are submicromolar. Correlations were discerned between cytotoxic potencies and the atomic charges on one of the olefinic carbon atoms, the torsion angles between an aryl ring, and the adjacent unsaturated group as well as log P values. Three representative compounds were examined for their effect on respiration in rat liver mitochondria.

Imaging of inflammation has an important role in dissolving problems in diagnosis and therapy of patients with inflammatory disorders. In this study meloxican as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has been labeled with thechnetium-99m-tricarbonyl core ([(99m) Tc (CO)3 (H2 O)3 ](+) ) in order to evaluate its feasibility as an inflammation imaging agent for in vivo use. (99m) Tc-tricabonyl labeling of meloxicam was performed by its incubation with prepared precursor (99m) Tc-tricabonyl and heating in a boiling water bath for 30 min while various range of pH (1-9) was adjusted. The stability of (99m) Tc-tricarbonyl-Meloxicam was checked in human serum at 37 °C, and biodistribution was studied in mice. Labeling yield of 98.1 ± 0.4% was obtained corresponding to a specific activity of 0.14 GBq/µmol. The radioconjugate showed good stability in human serum. Our main achievement was high accumulation of (99m) Tc-tricarbonyl-Meloxicam in the inflammated muscle in mice (T/NT = 3.90 at 4 h post injection) which may diagnostically be beneficial for distinguish sites of inflammation.

The main aim of this approach is to assess the evaluation of novel green chemistry to produce the new developed [99mTc/Tricine/HYNIC] UBI 29-41radiotracer in comparison to the boiling water bath method. The 740MBq (20 mCi) of radiotracer samples were reconstituted by sonication or standard methods. The stability of radio complex samples in saline solution was investigated up 24 h post the reconstitution of cold kits. The protein bonding and partition coefficient of radiotracer samples were analyzed. The radioisotope imaging has been undertaken in order to determine the bio distribution of radiotracer samples in the infected rats with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The ITLC and Radio-HPLC profiles indicated that radio complex samples could be successfully reconstituted by sonication. The significant difference has not been observed in the stability, partition coefficient and protein bonding tests of radio conjugate sample which were prepared by either two methods. All infected lesions could be localized with imaging. The accumulation of radiotracer samples at the infected region versus contra lateral healthy side were identical. The outcome of this investigation indicated the reconstitution of freeze-dried UBI 29-41with 99mTc with sonication versus the boiling water bath method has the advantages like the shorter the reaction time, excellent yield, milder condition in comparison to the conventional method and environmentally benign. Green chemistry can be recommended as an alternative and reliable method for the preparation of infection-seeking radiotracer in clinical practice.

In order to reduce the pain due bone metastases a last generation bisphosphonate, 2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid, was labeled with 188Re and investigated further. Labeling was performed at 95 °C for 15 min. The stability of radioconjugate was checked in human serum at 37 °C and biodistribution was studied in balb/c mice. Labeling yield of ≥98 % was obtained corresponding to a specific activity of 46 MBq/µmol. The radioconjugate showed good stability in human serum. Our main achievement was high bone uptake (4.24 ± 0.12 % ID/g at 24 h post injection) which may therapeutically be beneficial for the palliation of painful bone metastasis.

An algorithm based on the fifth-order Runge–Kutta (RK5) method was used to compute the five stability regions in a quadrupole ion trap (Paul trap). Except for the first region, the calculations were made for the positive values of a in the a – q plane. Computation of these regions for a Paul trap has been carried out for the first time using the fifth-order Runge–Kutta method.

Both olefinic bonds in the title compound, C21H19NO3, possess an E configuration, while the cyclo­hexyl ring adopts a sofa conformation. The aryl rings are not coplanar with the adjacent olefinic groups due to non-bonded interactions between the ortho H atoms of the aryl rings and the equatorial H atoms at positions 3 and 5 of the cyclo­hexyl ring.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C14H20N2O2, there is a center of symmetry at the centroid of the benzene ring; the asymmetric unit is, therefore, one half molecule. The morpholine ring is in a chair conformation.

Even in recent decades, one of the major causes of death and unhealthiness in the whole world is infection and inflammation. The use of radiopharmaceuticals is a powerful tool in managing the patients with infectious diseases. In this study, ofloxacin as a second-generation fluoroquinolone has been labeled with [(99m) Tc(CO)3 (H2 O)3 ](+) core to formulate a suitable infection imaging agent. Ofloxacin was radiolabeled with (99m) Tc using carbonyl core. Radioligand chemical analysis involved HPLC methods. Radioconjugate stability and lipophilicity were determined. Binding with Staphylococcus aureus and biodistribution in infected mice for labeled compound were studied. The radioligand was characterized by HPLC, and its radiochemical purity was more than 90%. In vitro stability studies have shown the complex was stable at least 6 h after labeling at room temperature. The n-octanol/water partition coefficient experiment exhibited logP = 1.52 ± 0.21 for (99m) Tc(CO)3 -ofloxacin. The complex showed specific binding to S. aureus. Biodistribution results showed that radioligand had high accumulation in the infected muscle in a mice (T/NT = 2.02 ± 0.12 at 4 h postinjection). On the basis of stability and infection site uptake ratio, suitability of this complex as a radiotracer for imaging of infections is recognized.

In this paper, a modified version of the homotopy perturbation method, which has been applied to non-linear oscillations by V. Marinca, is used for calculation of axial secular frequencies of a non-linear ion trap with hexapole and octopole superpositions. The axial equation of ion motion in a rapidly oscillating field of an ion trap can be transformed to a Duffing-like equation. With only octopole superposition the resulted non-linear equation is symmetric; however, in the presence of hexapole and octopole superpositions, it is asymmetric. This modified homotopy perturbation method is used for solving the resulting non-linear equations. As a result, the ion secular frequencies as a function of non-linear field parameters are obtained. The calculated secular frequencies are compared with the results of the homotopy perturbation method and the exact results. With only hexapole superposition, the results of this paper and the homotopy perturbation method are the same and with hexapole and octopole superpositions, the results of this paper are much more closer to the exact results compared with the results of the homotopy perturbation method.

In this paper we have used a modified homotopy perturbation method used previously by A. Belendez and his coworkers, for calculation of axial secular frequencies of a nonlinear ion trap with hexapole, octopole and decapole superpositions. We transform the motion of the ion in a rapidly oscillating field to the motion in an effective potential and obtain a nonlinear differential equation in the form of a Duffing-like equation. With only octopole superposition the resulted nonlinear equations are symmetric; however, in the presence of hexapole and decapole superpositions, they are asymmetric. For asymmetric oscillators, it has been pointed out that the angular frequency for positive amplitudes is different from the angular frequency for negative amplitudes. Considering this problem, the modified homotopy perturbation method is used for solving the resulted nonlinear equations. As a result, the ion axial secular frequencies as a function of nonlinear field parameters are obtained. The calculated secular frequencies are compared with the results of modified Lindstedt-Poincare approximation and the exact results. There is an excellent agreement between the results of this paper and the exact results.

In this paper the homotopy perturbation method is used for calculation of the frequencies of the coupled secular oscillations and axial secular frequencies of a nonlinear ion trap. The motion of the ion in a rapidly oscillating field is transformed to the motion in an effective potential. The equations of ion motion in the effective potential are in the form of a Duffing-like equation. The homotopy perturbation method is used for solving the resulted system of coupled nonlinear differential equations and the resulted axial equation for obtaining the expressions for ion secular frequencies as a function of nonlinear field parameters and amplitudes of oscillations. The calculated axial secular frequencies are compared with the results of Lindstedt-Poincare method and the exact results.

Two novel dual functional agents, 3[3-(2,4-dinitro-phenylamino)-propyl]-5-fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 7 and N-[3-(2,4-dinitro-phenylamino)-propoxy]urea 8, resulting from linkage of 2,4-dinitrophenylamine through three carbon atoms with 5-fluorouracil 5 and hydroxyurea 6, respectively, were prepared and their in vitro aerobic cytotoxicities in HT-29 cell line with and without radiation were determined. Compounds 7 and 8 unlike their components were not cytotoxic but showed radiosensitizing activity.