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Social status and submissive behavior may be of significant relevance to depression. Dependency depression is associated with the need for nurturance and close attachment plus the fear of being disapproved and devalued. Depression from a ranking perspective could provide new points of view.

Objectives: Compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) has shown promise as a treatment for a number of clinical presentations; however, existing studies have not adequately addressed issues of treatment fidelity. The aims of the present study were to identify initial candidate items that may be included in a CFT therapist competence rating scale and to develop the behavioural indicators to anchor these items. Design: The Delphi method was used to develop and operationalize the competencies required for inclusion in a CFT therapist competence rating scale over five rounds. Methods: Face‐to‐face meetings with two CFT experts were conducted in rounds one, two, and five, and these were used to define and operationalize the competencies. Nine other CFT experts were invited to complete online surveys in rounds two and four. An 80% consensus level was applied to the online surveys. Results: The resulting Compassion Focused Therapy Therapist Competence Rating Scale (CFT‐TCRS) consisted of 23 competencies which were separated into 14 'CFT unique competencies' and nine 'Microskills'. There was high agreement about the included 'CFT unique competencies' and 'Microskills'; however, there were some differences in opinion about the specific content of some items. Conclusions: This is the first study that has attempted to reach consensus regarding the competencies and behavioural anchors for a CFT therapist competence rating scale. The next stage of development for the CFT‐TCRS is to establish whether the scale can be reliably and validly used to evaluate CFT practice. Practitioner points: The Compassion Focused Therapy Therapist Competence Rating Scale (CFT‐TCRS) is the first scale to operationalize the unique and generic competencies required to deliver compassion‐focused therapy (CFT).The CFT‐TCRS can be used as a learning guide for delivering CFT training and with further development could be used to assess therapist competence for CFT training courses, clinical practice, and treatment fidelity in research trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Compassion-focused therapy ( CFT) has shown promising results for a range of clinical presentations. This study explored the therapeutic competencies required to deliver CFT and organized these into a coherent framework. Design The Delphi method was used to explore and refine competencies for delivering CFT in three rounds of data collection. Methods The first round involved interviews with 12 experts in CFT. Data were analysed using template analysis to generate a draft competency framework. The main competencies were used to create a survey for rounds two and three involving CFT experts and practitioners. Data collected from the surveys were used to refine the competencies. Results The CFT competency framework ( CFT- CF) that was produced comprised 25 main competencies within six key areas of competence. The areas were as follows: competencies in creating safeness, meta-skills, non-phase-specific skills, phase-specific skills, knowledge and understanding and use of supervision. The main competencies included several subcompetencies specifying knowledge, skills and attributes needed to demonstrate the main competence. Overall, there was consensus on 14 competencies and 20 competencies exceeded an 80% agreement level. Conclusions Some of the CFT competencies overlapped with existing therapies, whilst others were specific to CFT. The CFT- CF provides useful guidance for clinicians, supervisors and training programmes. Further research could develop the CFT- CF into a therapist rating scale in order to measure the outcome of training and to assess treatment fidelity in clinical trials. Practitioner points The compassion-focused therapy competency framework (CFT-CF) identifies therapeutic competencies that overlap with existing treatments as well as those specific to compassion-focused therapy (CFT)., The CFT-CF builds guidance for the competencies required to deliver CFT in a range of clinical settings., The CFT-CF provides guidance for those training CFT therapists., The CFT-CF could be used as a basis to develop a therapist rating scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compares the usefulness of the assessment instruments called Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) and the Social Behavior Schedule (SBS) in discriminating three groups of long-standing psychiatric patients with different levels of disability. Discrimination between patients groups; Advantages of HoNOS with regard to brevity.