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1. The AWAKE Run 2 Programme and Beyond

Author

Edda Gschwendtner, Konstantin Lotov, Patric Muggli, Matthew Wing, Riccardo Agnello, Claudia Christina Ahdida, Maria Carolina Amoedo Goncalves, Yanis Andrebe, Oznur Apsimon, Robert Apsimon, Jordan Matias Arnesano, Anna-Maria Bachmann, Diego Barrientos, Fabian Batsch, Vittorio Bencini, Michele Bergamaschi, Patrick Blanchard, Philip Nicholas Burrows, Birger Buttenschön, Allen Caldwell, James Chappell, Eric Chevallay, Moses Chung, David Andrew Cooke, Heiko Damerau, Can Davut, Gabor Demeter, Amos Christopher Dexter, Steffen Doebert, Francesa Ann Elverson, John Farmer, Ambrogio Fasoli, Valentin Fedosseev, Ricardo Fonseca, Ivo Furno, Spencer Gessner, Aleksandr Gorn, Eduardo Granados, Marcel Granetzny, Tim Graubner, Olaf Grulke, Eloise Daria Guran, Vasyl Hafych, Anthony Hartin, James Henderson, Mathias Hüther, Miklos Kedves, Fearghus Keeble, Vadim Khudiakov, Seong-Yeol Kim, Florian Kraus, Michel Krupa, Thibaut Lefevre, Linbo Liang, Shengli Liu, Nelson Lopes, Miguel Martinez Calderon, Stefano Mazzoni, David Medina Godoy, Joshua Moody, Kookjin Moon, Pablo Israel Morales Guzmán, Mariana Moreira, Tatiana Nechaeva, Elzbieta Nowak, Collette Pakuza, Harsha Panuganti, Ans Pardons, Kevin Pepitone, Aravinda Perera, Jan Pucek, Alexander Pukhov, Rebecca Louise Ramjiawan, Stephane Rey, Adam Scaachi, Oliver Schmitz, Eugenio Senes, Fernando Silva, Luis Silva, Christine Stollberg, Alban Sublet, Catherine Swain, Athanasios Topaloudis, Nuno Torrado, Petr Tuev, Marlene Turner, Francesco Velotti, Livio Verra, Victor Verzilov, Jorge Vieira, Helmut Vincke, Martin Weidl, Carsten Welsch, Manfred Wendt, Peerawan Wiwattananon, Joseph Wolfenden, Benjamin Woolley, Samuel Wyler, Guoxing Xia, Vlada Yarygova, Michael Zepp, and Giovanni Zevi Della Porta

Subjects
AWAKE, proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration, dark photons, strong-field QED, electron–proton physics, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

Plasma wakefield acceleration is a promising technology to reduce the size of particle accelerators. The use of high energy protons to drive wakefields in plasma has been demonstrated during Run 1 of the AWAKE programme at CERN. Protons of energy 400 GeV drove wakefields that accelerated electrons to 2 GeV in under 10 m of plasma. The AWAKE collaboration is now embarking on Run 2 with the main aims to demonstrate stable accelerating gradients of 0.5–1 GV/m, preserve emittance of the electron bunches during acceleration and develop plasma sources scalable to 100s of metres and beyond. By the end of Run 2, the AWAKE scheme should be able to provide electron beams for particle physics experiments and several possible experiments have already been evaluated. This article summarises the programme of AWAKE Run 2 and how it will be achieved as well as the possible application of the AWAKE scheme to novel particle physics experiments.

Published
2022
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2. Is the bump significant? An axion-search example

Author

Frederik Beaujean, Allen Caldwell, and Olaf Reimann

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Many experiments in physics involve searching for a localized excess over background expectations in an observed spectrum. If the background is known and there is Gaussian noise, the amount of excess of successive observations can be quantified by the SQUARES (squares-of-run-residuals sum) statistic taking care of the look-elsewhere effect. The distribution of the SQUARES statistic under the background model is known analytically but the computation becomes too expensive for more than about a hundred observations. Here a principled high-precision extrapolation from a few dozen up to millions of data points is derived. It is most precise in the interesting regime when an excess is present. The method is verified for benchmark cases and successfully applied to real data from an axion search. C++ code that implements our method is available at https://github.com/fredRos/runs.

Published
2018
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3. The evolution of σγP with coherence length

Author

Allen Caldwell

Subjects
high energy cross sections, saturation, parton densities, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Assuming the form ${\sigma }^{\gamma {\rm{P}}}\propto {l}^{{\lambda }_{{\rm{eff}}}}$ at fixed Q ^2 for the behavior of the virtual-photon proton scattering cross section, where l is the coherence length of the photon fluctuations, it is seen that the extrapolated values of ${\sigma }^{\gamma {\rm{P}}}$ for different Q ^2 cross for $l\approx {10}^{8}$ fm. It is argued that this behavior is not physical, and that the behavior of the cross sections must change before this coherence length l is reached. This could set the scale for the onset of saturation of the parton densities in the photon, and thereby saturation of parton densities in general.

Published
2016
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4. Case Study: Identifying the Systemic and Explicit Barriers That Impede the Progression from High School to College for First-Generation College Students at a Small Catholic Secondary School

Author

Bernard Allen Caldwell

Abstract

This qualitative case study identifies the systemic and explicit barriers that impede the progression from high school to college for first-generation college students (FGCS) at a Small Catholic Secondary School in Cincinnati, Ohio. Evidence indicates that FGCS experience more barriers in progressing from high school to college than their non-FGCS peers. The systemic barriers include the non-cognitive variables of class, culture, race, and ethnicity. The explicit barriers are a lower rate of self-confidence, higher rates of unpreparedness, social stress, the lack of institutionalized cultural capital, and the lack of familial emotional and financial support that impact the FGCS. Findings from the FGCS survey and the post-survey interviews indicate that understanding what these barriers are and the impact of these barriers will assist in developing programs to increase the progression rates from high school to college for the FGCS. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2023

5. Frictional cooling of positively charged particles

Author

Daniel Greenwald and Allen Caldwell

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

One of the focuses of research and development towards the construction of a muon collider is muon beam preparation. Simulation of frictional cooling shows that it can achieve the desired emittance reduction to produce high-luminosity muon beams. We show that for positively charged particles, charge-exchange interactions necessitate significant changes to schemes previously developed for negatively charged particles. We also demonstrate that foil-based schemes are not viable for positive particles.

Published
2012
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9. Constraints on the Up-Quark Valence Distribution in the Proton

Author

Ritu Aggarwal, Michiel Botje, Allen Caldwell, Francesca Capel, and Oliver Schulz

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The high-$x$ data from the ZEUS Collaboration are used to extract parton density distributions of the proton deep in the perturbative regime of QCD. The data primarily constrain the up-quark valence distribution and new results are presented on its $x$-dependence as well as on the momentum carried by the up-quark. The results were obtained using Bayesian analysis methods which can serve as a model for future parton density extractions., Comment: Minor changes in final published version

Published
2023

10. Discovering neutrinoless double-beta decay in the era of precision neutrino cosmology

Author

Manuel Ettengruber, Matteo Agostini, Allen Caldwell, Philipp Eller, and Oliver Schulz

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We evaluate the discovery probability of a combined analysis of proposed neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments in a scenario with normal ordered neutrino masses. The discovery probability strongly depends on the value of the lightest neutrino mass, ranging from zero in case of vanishing masses and up to 80-90\% for values just below the current constraints. We study the discovery probability in different scenarios, focusing on the exciting prospect in which cosmological surveys will measure the sum of neutrino masses. Uncertainties in nuclear matrix element calculations partially compensate each other when data from different isotopes are available. Although a discovery is not granted, the theoretical motivations for these searches and the presence of scenarios with high discovery probability strongly motivates the proposed international, multi-isotope experimental program.

Published
2022

11. Kinematic fitting of Neutral current events in deep inelastic ep collisions

Author

Allen Caldwell and Ritu Aggarwal

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In this paper we present a technique to reconstruct the scaling variables defining $ep$ deep inelastic scattering by performing a kinematic fit. This reconstruction technique makes use of the full potential of the data collected. It is based on Bayes Theorem and involves the use of informative priors. The kinematic fit method has been tested for the neutral current ep simulated sample at a center of mass energy of 318 GeV with $Q^2$ > 400 GeV$^2$. In addition to the scaling variables, this method is able to estimate the energy of possible initial state radiation (E$_\gamma$ ) which otherwise goes undetected. A better resolution than standard electron and double angle techniques in the reconstruction of scaling variables is achieved using a kinematic fit., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, revised version of paper

Published
2022

13. Operational Experience and Performance of the Belle II Pixel Detector

Author

V. Babu, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, S. Stefkova, A. Frey, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, Michael Ritzert, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, C. Niebuhr, Melissa K. Takahashi, U. Gebauer, Jelena Ninkovic, P. Ahlburg, H. Windel, G. Giakoustidis, F. Müller, B. Paschen, H. G. Moser, F. Mueller, S. Skambraks, Angel Dieguez, V. Chekelian, C. Koffmane, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, Tomasz Hemperek, Marcel Vos, S. Reiter, Gerhard Liemann, I. Konorov, A. Rabusov, R. Ayad, D. Klose, S. Krivokuca, Y. Soloviev, T. Kuhr, AL Virto, Thomas Lück, Ivan Vila, Benjamin Schwenker, H. Ye, M. Albalawi, Peter Kvasnicka, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, J. Zhao, Concettina Sfienti, Jakub Kandra, P. Wieduwilt, B. Deschamps, Oscar Alonso, Gerhard Schaller, R. Sedlmeyer, Frank Simon, Hans Krüger, M. Gabriel, Thomas Gessler, S. Vogt, S. Huber, C. Kiesling, C. Wessel, D. Kittlinger, M. Fras, Q. Y. Liu, Z. Doležal, B. Spruck, C. Praz, U. Leis, Peter Kodys, M. Heck, P. Kapusta, J. Sanchez, A. Bozek, M. Hensel, R. Richter, Carlos Marinas, R. Stever, C. Camien, L. Macharski, M. Schnecke, S. Mccarney, A. Glazov, M. Hoek, H. Schreeck, F. Abudinen, T. Bilka, F. Poblotzki, K. Lautenbach, J. S. Lange, Ladislav Andricek, Norbert Wermes, Daniel Greenwald, C. H. Wang, L. Gioi, U. Stolzenberg, Allen Caldwell, B. Kisielewski, F. Lütticke, Zhiyong Liu, Soumen Paul, D. Moya, and B. Scavino

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, 010306 general physics, business, 01 natural sciences, Pixel detector
Abstract

Proceedings of the 29th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX2020), Tsukuba, Japan (Online); Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 34, 010002 (2021). doi:10.7566/JPSCP.34.010002, The Belle II experiment at the super KEK B factory (SuperKEKB) started its physics operation with the full detector setup in March 2019, and it aims at collecting 50 ab$^{���1}$ of $e^+e^���$ collision data. The vertex detector (VXD) of Belle II contains a 4-layer silicon vertex detector (SVD) using double sided silicon strips and an inner 2-layer pixel detector (PXD) that is based on the depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology. The signal generation and amplification are combined in pixels with a minimum pitch of 55 �� 50 ��m$^2$. The sensors are thinned down to 75 ��m, and each module has interconnects and ASICs integrated on the sensor with silicon frames for mechanical support. This approach led to a material budget of around 0.21% X$_0$ per layer including the cooling structure in the acceptance region. The PXD has an integration time of around 20 ��s, a signal-to-noise ratio of around 50 and a detecting efficiency of better than 99%. Its two layers are arranged at the radii of 14 and 22 mm around the interaction point, and an impact parameter resolution of better than 15 ��m has been achieved. Due to its close proximity to the beam line and its sensitivity to few-keV photons, the PXD also plays an important role in background studies., Published by The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo

Published
2021

14. Muon-induced neutrons in lead and copper at shallow depth

Author

R. Kneißl, O. Schulz, X. Liu, Allen Caldwell, C. Gooch, Bela Majorovits, M. Palermo, Q. Du, and A. Empl

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Radiation, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Neutron capture, 0103 physical sciences, Electromagnetic shielding, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Meter water equivalent
Abstract

Next generation low-background experiments require a detailed understanding of all possible radiation backgrounds. One important radiation source are muon-induced neutrons. Their production processes are up to now not fully understood. New measurements with MINIDEX (Muon-Induced Neutron Indirect Detection EXperiment) of the production of neutrons by cosmogenic muons in high-Z materials are reported. The setup is located at the Tubingen Shallow Underground Laboratory, which provides a vertical shielding depth of (13.2 ± 0.8) meter water equivalent at the setup location. Muon-induced neutrons are identified by the detection of 2.2 MeV gammas from their capture on hydrogen with high-purity germanium detectors. The experimental results were compared to Geant4 Monte Carlo predictions. The measured rate of 2.2 MeV neutron capture gammas for lead was found to be in good agreement with the Geant4 predicted rate. An external neutron yield of (7.2 - 0.6 + 0.7 ) · 10 − 5 g − 1 cm2 neutrons per tagged muon was determined for lead with the help of Geant4. For copper the measured rate was found to be a factor of 0.72 ± 0.14 lower than the Geant4 predicted rate. Using this factor an external neutron yield of (2.1 ± 0.4) · 10 − 5 g − 1 cm2 neutrons per tagged muon was obtained for copper. An additional simulation was performed using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The FLUKA predicted rate of detected 2.2 MeV neutron capture gammas for lead was also found to be in good agreement with the experimental value. A detailed comparison of muon interactions and neutron production in lead for Geant4 and FLUKA revealed large discrepancies in the description of photo-nuclear and muon-nuclear inelastic scattering reactions for muon energies at shallow underground sites. These results suggest that Geant4, when used with Geant4 recommended or standard physics lists, underpredicts the neutron production in photo-nuclear inelastic scattering reactions while at the same time it overpredicts the neutron production in muon-nuclear inelastic scattering reactions.

Published
2019

15. The Belle II vertex detector integration

Author

H. Windel, V. Babu, S. Skambraks, P. Mammini, Ti. Baroncelli, M. Kaleta, C. Koffmane, M. Hensel, G. Batignani, J. Stypula, Prafulla Kumar Behera, V. Chekelian, C. La Licata, C. Wessel, H. Aihara, D. Münchow, F. Müller, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, F. Abudinen, AL Virto, F. Mueller, Oscar Alonso, R. Thalmeier, D. Klose, I. J. Watson, Soumen Paul, U. Packheiser, M. Ceccanti, N. Sato, Dipak Kumar Sahoo, D. Moya, B. Scavino, M. Fras, K. K. Rao, Takeo Higuchi, R. Richter, M. Albalawi, K. Nakamura, T. Kohriki, L. Zani, S. N. Mayekar, Svd Collaborations, Jakub Kandra, K. Prasanth, L. Macharski, S. Bacher, T. Morii, S. Bettarini, Jelena Ninkovic, Michael Ritzert, L. Bosisio, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, Markus Friedl, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, C. Kiesling, M. Boronat, H. Park, A. Bozek, Satoshi Tanaka, Tariq Aziz, Concettina Sfienti, C. W. Joo, R. Ayad, Seema Bahinipati, F. Lütticke, M. De Nuccio, U. Gebauer, Benjamin Schwenker, Zhiyong Liu, Steven Williams, Z. Natkaniec, Norbert Wermes, Carlos Marinas, B. Bhuyan, C. Schwanda, Shih-Chang Lee, T. Kuhr, G. Rizzo, W. Ostrowicz, S. Krivokuca, Frank Simon, B. Paschen, Maiko Takahashi, S. Vogt, H. G. Moser, R. Stever, Angel Dieguez, L. Gioi, F. Buchsteiner, Gerhard Schaller, H. Tanigawa, M. Gabriel, M. Hoek, A. Paladino, Rakesh Kumar, Gerhard Liemann, D. Getzkow, Peter Kvasnicka, B. Spruck, J.A.M. Grimaldo, Y. Onuki, K. H. Kang, T. Lueck, F. Poblotzki, S. Mccarney, P. K. Resmi, S. Schultschik, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, S. Rummel, D. Kittlinger, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, Allen Caldwell, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, Gagan Bihari Mohanty, To. Baroncelli, Keigo Hara, E. L. Barberio, F. Forti, L. Germic, U. Leis, A. Profeti, Tomasz Hemperek, S. Koike, B. Kisielewski, Marcel Vos, Peter Kodys, A. Bauer, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, Ilya Komarov, Giulia Casarosa, H. Yin, Y. Soloviev, Jae-Young Lee, J. Fuster, Thomas Gessler, H. Schreeck, Phillip Urquijo, A. Martini, E. Paoloni, Carlos Lacasta, D. Červenkov, U. Stolzenberg, Pxd Belle Ii Depfet, L. Lanceri, I. Konorov, N. Dash, T. Czank, R. Blanco, G. N. Taylor, P. Wieduwilt, J. Suzuki, I. Rashevskaya, Hans Krüger, A. K. Basith, M. Rozanska, C. H. Wang, P. Kapusta, J. S. Lange, A. Rabusov, H. B. Jeon, Ivan Vila, A. Ishikawa, M. Schnecke, Filippo Bosi, T. Bilka, M. Watanabe, H. Ye, G. Caria, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, M. Kumar, A. Frey, Jun Sasaki, J. Libby, K. Lautenbach, B. Deschamps, R. Sedlmeyer, Shoichi Watanuki, V. Bertacchi, Z. Doležal, S. Reiter, N. Kambara, Christian Irmler, C. Camien, T. Tsuboyama, J. Wiechczynski, Peter Fischer, W. Kun, P. Ahlburg, Wolfgang Kuhn, John Webb, L. Vitale, J. Zhao, Y. Bai, C. Niebuhr, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (Japan), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria), Australian Research Council, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Government of Czech Republic, Department of Science and Technology (India), Department of Atomic Energy (India), National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Germany), Kodyš, P., Abudinen, F., Ackermann, K., Ahlburg, P., Aihara, H., Albalawi, M., Alonso, O., Andricek, L., Ayad, R., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Bai, Y., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, Ti., Baroncelli, To., Basith, A. K., Batignani, G., Bauer, A., Behera, P. K., Bertacchi, V., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Blanco, R., Bosi, F., Boronat, M., Bosisio, L., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Camien, C., Caldwell, A., Caria, G., Casarosa, G., Ceccanti, M., Červenkov, D., Chekelian, V., Czank, T., Dash, N., De Nuccio, M., Deschamps, B., Dieguez, A., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Esperante, D., Fischer, P., Forti, F., Fras, M., Frey, A., Friedl, M., Fuster, J., Gabriel, M., Gadow, K., Gebauer, U., Germic, L., Gessler, T., Getzkow, D., Gioi, L., Gobbo, B., Gomis, P., Grimaldo, J. A. M., Hara, K., Heck, M., Hemperek, T., Hensel, M., Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H. B., Joo, C., Kaleta, M., Kandra, J., Kambara, N., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Kiesling, C., Kisielewski, B., Kittlinger, D., Klose, D., Koffmane, C., Kohriki, T., Koike, S., Komarov, I., Konorov, I., Krivokuca, S., Krüger, H., Kuhr, T., Kühn, W., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kun, W., Kvasnička, P., La Licata, C., Lacasta, C., Lalwani, K., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lautenbach, K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Leis, U., Leitl, P., Levit, D., Libby, J., Liemann, G., Liu, Z., Lueck, T., Lütticke, F., Macharski, L., Mammini, P., Mariñas, C., Martini, A., Mayekar, S. N., Mccarney, S., Mohanty, G. B., Morii, T., Moser, H. G., Moya, D., Mueller, F. J., Müller, F., Münchow, D., Nakamura, K. R., Natkaniec, Z., Niebuhr, C., Ninkovic, J., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Packheiser, U., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Paschen, B., Paul, S., Peric, I., Poblotzki, F., Prasanth, K., Profeti, A., Rabusov, A., Rashevskaya, I., Rao, K. K., Reiter, S. P., P. K., Resmi, Richter, R., Ritter, M., Ritzert, M., Rizzo, G., Rozanska, M., Rummel, S., Sahoo, D., Sanchez, J. G., Sasaki, J., Sato, N., Scavino, B., Schaller, G., Schnecke, M., Schopper, F., Schreeck, H., Schultschik, S., Schwanda, C., Schwenker, B., Sedlmeyer, R., Sfienti, C., Simon, F., Skambraks, S., Soloviev, Y., Spruck, B., Stever, R., Stolzenberg, U., Stypula, J., Suzuki, J., Tafelmayer, E., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Taylor, G. N., Thalmeier, R., Tsuboyama, T., Urquijo, P., Vila, I., Virto, A. L., Vitale, L., Vogt, S., Vos, M., Wang, C., Watanuki, S., Watanabe, M., Watson, I. J., Webb, J., Wermes, N., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Wieduwilt, P., Williams, S., Windel, H., Ye, H., Yin, H., Zani, L., and Zhao, J.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon sensor, Phase (waves), Computer Science::Computational Geometry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Belle II, Data acquisition, Pixel detector, Strip detector, Vertex detector, Instrumentation, law, 0103 physical sciences, Collider, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Interconnection, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, data acquisition, pixel detector, silicon sensor, strip detector, vertex detector, Upgrade, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Focus (optics)
Abstract

Belle II DEPFET, PXD, and SVD Collaborations: et al., The Belle II experiment comes with a substantial upgrade of the Belle detector and will operate at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric ee collider with energies tuned to ϒ(4S) resonance s=10.588 GeV. The accelerator has successfully completed the first phase of commissioning in 2016 and the first electron–positron collisions in Belle II took place in April 2018. Belle II features a newly designed silicon vertex detector based on DEPFET pixel and double-sided strip layers. Currently, a subset of the vertex detector is installed (Phase 2 of the experiment). Installation of the full detector (Phase 3) will be completed by the end of 2018. This paper describes the Phase 2 arrangement of the Belle II silicon vertex detector, with focus on the interconnection of detectors and their integration with the software framework of Belle II. Alignment issues are discussed based on detector simulations and first acquired data., This work is supported by MSCA-RISE, European Union project JENNIFER (EU grant n. 644294), MEXT, Japan, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); ARC (Australia); BMWFW (Austria); MSMT, Czech Republic, GAUK 404316 (Czech Republic); AIDA-2020 (Germany); DAE, India and DST (India); INFN (Italy); NRF-2016K1A3A7A09005605 and RSRI (Korea); MNiSW (Poland); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany); and MINECO, Spain grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).

Published
2019

16. Interferometer-based high-accuracy white light measurement of neutral rubidium density and gradient at AWAKE

Author

J. T. Moody, F. Batsch, Edda Gschwendtner, Allen Caldwell, Patric Muggli, M. Martyanov, and Erdem Oez

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Mach–Zehnder interferometer, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Rubidium, Optics, law, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Physics, White light interferometry, Vapour density, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Plasma, Laser, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Wavelength, Interferometry, chemistry, business
Abstract

The AWAKE experiment requires an automated online rubidium (Rb) plasma density and gradient diagnostic for densities between 1 and 10$\cdot$10$^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$. A linear density gradient along the plasma source at the percent level may be useful to improve the electron acceleration process. Because of full laser ionization of Rb vapor to Rb$^{+}$ within a radius of 1 mm, the plasma density equals the vapor density. We measure the Rb vapor densities at both ends of the source, with high precision using, white light interferometry. At either source end, broadband laser light passes a remotely controlled Mach-Zehnder interferometer built out of single mode fibers. The resulting interference signal, influenced by dispersion in the vicinity of the Rb D1 and D2 transitions, is dispersed in wavelength by a spectrograph. Fully automated Fourier-based signal conditioning and a fit algorithm yield the density with an uncertainty between the measurements at both ends of 0.11 to 0.46 $\%$ over the entire density range. These densities used to operate the plasma source are displayed live in the control room., Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures, EAAC2017 conference proceeding

Published
2018

17. BAT.jl: A Julia-Based Tool for Bayesian Inference

Author

Frederik Beaujean, Kevin Kröninger, Cornelius Grunwald, Lolian Shtembari, Oliver Schulz, Lars Röhrig, Vasyl Hafych, Allen Caldwell, and Salvatore La Cagnina

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, General Computer Science, Computer Networks and Communications, Bayesian probability, FOS: Physical sciences, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Bayesian inference, Statistics - Computation, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Machine Learning (cs.LG), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Development (topology), Software, Artificial Intelligence, 0103 physical sciences, Realm, Statistical inference, Test suite, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Computation (stat.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Computer Science Applications, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Artificial intelligence, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, computer, Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
Abstract

We describe the development of a multi-purpose software for Bayesian statistical inference, BAT.jl, written in the Julia language. The major design considerations and implemented algorithms are summarized here, together with a test suite that ensures the proper functioning of the algorithms. We also give an extended example from the realm of physics that demonstrates the functionalities of BAT.jl.

Published
2021

18. Simulation and experimental study of proton bunch self-modulation in plasma with linear density gradients

Author

Thibaut Lefèvre, J. Pucek, L. Verra, M. Granetzny, A. Perera, Kookjin Moon, M. Wendt, M. Aladi, Y. Andrebe, V. Hafych, N. Lopes, V. N. Fedosseev, Ralph Fiorito, J. T. Moody, E. D. Guran, C. Davut, T. Graubner, R. Agnello, Stefano Mazzoni, M. Turner, N. Torrado, R. Apsimon, M. C. Amoedo Goncalves, James Henderson, Allen Caldwell, Philip Burrows, S. Doebert, Patrick Muggli, M. Hüther, B. Ráczkevi, Linbo Liang, Ans Pardons, Olaf Grulke, Alexander Pukhov, M. Krupa, F. Batsch, P. I. Morales Guzmán, Spencer Gessner, M. A. Baistrukov, H. Panuganti, S. Rey, M. Martyanov, Eugenio Senes, M. Zepp, Moses Chung, Ivo Furno, M. Á. Kedves, V. K. Khudyakov, Oliver Schmitz, D. Medina Godoy, Ambrogio Fasoli, Rebecca Ramjiawan, H. Damerau, Guoxing Xia, Jorge Vieira, E. Nowak, Eric Chevallay, G. Zevi della Porta, Luis O. Silva, A. Topaloudis, C. Pakuza, M. Moreira, Matthew Wing, A.-M. Bachmann, G. Demeter, John P. Farmer, Konstantin Lotov, P. Blanchard, Eduardo Granados, C. Stollberg, O. Apsimon, A. Sublet, D. A. Cooke, Carsten Welsch, J. Wolfenden, B. Woolley, P. V. Tuev, Ricardo Fonseca, J. Chappell, F. Braunmüller, Florian Kraus, A. A. Gorn, Sung Youb Kim, B. Buttenschön, Amos Dexter, C. Ahdida, Edda Gschwendtner, Francesco Velotti, Michele Bergamaschi, T. Nechaeva, H. Vincke, and Collaboration, AWAKE

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Dephasing, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], 010305 fluids & plasmas, Position (vector), Physics::Plasma Physics, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Linear density, Charge (physics), Surfaces and Interfaces, Plasma, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, Computational physics, ddc, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Frequency modulation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported in arXiv:2007.14894v2: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

Published
2021

19. Calibration of the Gerda experiment

Author

T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, E. V. Demidova, J. Janicskó Csáthy, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, A. V. Veresnikova, D. R. Zinatulina, A. Chernogorov, R. Hiller, T. Comellato, S. Belogurov, I. Zhitnikov, R. Mingazheva, B. Schwingenheuer, C. Bauer, P. Krause, Igor Nemchenok, Stefano Riboldi, L. Shtembari, Bela Majorovits, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Paolo Piseri, J. Huang, O.I. Kochetov, Mikael Hult, M. Misiaszek, M. Miloradovic, Laura Baudis, M. Fomina, S. Hemmer, J. Hakenmüller, G. R. Araujo, S. Schönert, A. M. Gangapshev, C. Vignoli, A. Garfagnini, M. Schütt, Werner Hofmann, O. Schulz, R. Kneißl, I. R. Barabanov, L. Manzanillas, C. Gooch, S. V. Zhukov, Josef Jochum, A. Lubashevskiy, Y. Kermaïdic, K. N. Gusev, V. D'Andrea, K. T. Knöpfle, Ivano Lippi, D. Stukov, Allen Caldwell, C. Wiesinger, V. I. Gurentsov, M. Balata, M. Shirchenko, R. Brugnera, L. B. Bezrukov, K. von Sturm, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, V. B. Brudanin, E. Bossio, A. A. Vasenko, E. Shevchik, V. V. Kazalov, V. V. Kuzminov, L. V. Inzhechik, A. Pullia, Franz Dieter Fischer, E. Doroshkevich, Matteo Agostini, F. Salamida, Cinzia Sada, B. Zatschler, M. M. Wojcik, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, E. Bellotti, M. Schwarz, C. Ransom, Hardy Simgen, G. Zuzel, L. Pertoldi, A.-K. Schütz, N. Di Marco, M. Junker, Manfred Lindner, O. Selivanenko, C. Macolino, M. Laubenstein, V. N. Kornoukhov, V. Bothe, K. Pelczar, Alessandro Bettini, Y. Müller, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, Jochen Schreiner, Th. Kihm, V. Biancacci, H. Khushbakht, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, L. Rauscher, A. A. Klimenko, A. Zschocke, N. Rumyantseva, P. Grabmayr, and GERDA Collaboration

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Regular Article - Experimental Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Germanium, Electron, QC770-798, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Semiconductor detector, QB460-466, chemistry, GERDA - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) collaboration searched for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay in $^{76}$Ge with an array of about 40 high-purity isotopically-enriched germanium detectors. The experimental signature of the decay is a monoenergetic signal at Q$_{\beta\beta}$ = 2039.061(7)keV in the measured summed energy spectrum of the two emitted electrons. Both the energy reconstruction and resolution of the germanium detectors are crucial to separate a potential signal from various backgrounds, such as neutrino-accompanied double-$\beta$ decays allowed by the Standard Model. The energy resolution and stability were determined and monitored as a function of time using data from regular $^{228}$Th calibrations. In this work, we describe the calibration process and associated data analysis of the full GERDA dataset, tailored to preserve the excellent resolution of the individual germanium detectors when combining data over several years., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures

Published
2021

20. Commissioning and performance of the Belle II pixel detector

Author

Concettina Sfienti, F. Müller, Melissa K. Takahashi, R. Richter, S. Stefkova, A. Rabusov, S. Reiter, S. Mccarney, Benjamin Schwenker, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, Allen Caldwell, Gerhard Schaller, Soumen Paul, M. Boronat, Michael Ritzert, D. Kittlinger, Q. Y. Liu, Ivan Vila, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, D. Moya, I. Konorov, C. H. Wang, Norbert Wermes, Peter Kodys, B. Scavino, S. Krivokuca, Thomas Lück, P. Kapusta, B. Kisielewski, B. Deschamps, V. Babu, A. Frey, T. Kuhr, U. Gebauer, G. Giakoustidis, R. Sedlmeyer, Jelena Ninkovic, M. Schnecke, U. Leis, B. Spruck, J. Zhao, F. Lütticke, T. Bilka, Frank Simon, H. G. Moser, F. Mueller, V. Chekelian, K. Lautenbach, B. Paschen, Angel Dieguez, Oscar Alonso, P. Wieduwilt, Z. Doležal, J. Fuster, M. Fras, Zhiyong Liu, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, Gerhard Liemann, H. Ye, Thomas Gessler, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, R. Ayad, P. Gomis, M. Hoek, P. Ahlburg, Belle-II Depfet, Peter Kvasnicka, Hans Krüger, C. Camien, F. Poblotzki, Carlos Marinas, E. Tafelmayer, S. Vogt, U. Stolzenberg, A. Bozek, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, AL Virto, C. Koffmane, C. Niebuhr, H. Windel, F. Abudinen, Carlos Lacasta, D. Klose, M. Albalawi, Jakub Kandra, Daniel Greenwald, Y. Soloviev, L. Gioi, M. Hensel, J. S. Lange, L. Macharski, S. Skambraks, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, M. Gabriel, Tomasz Hemperek, Marcel Vos, S. Huber, C. Kiesling, R. Stever, H. Schreeck, C. Wessel, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and World Premier International Research Center (Japan)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics beyond the Standard Model, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Data set, Nuclear physics, Power consumption, law, 0103 physical sciences, Field-effect transistor, Collider, Instrumentation, Pixel detector
Abstract

Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al., The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric e+ e- collider has completed a series of substantial upgrades and started collecting data in 2019. The experiment is expected to accumulate a data set of 50 ab−1 to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model at the intensity frontier. The pixel detector (PXD) of Belle II plays a key role in vertex determination. It has been developed using the DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology, which combines low power consumption in the active pixel area and low intrinsic noise with a very small material budget. In this paper, commissioning and performance of the PXD measured with first collision data are presented., This work is supported by MEXT, Japan, WPI, Japan, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316, MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER-2 (EU grant n. 822070) (Czech Republic); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany) and MINECO, Spain grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).

Published
2021

21. Analysis of Proton Bunch Parameters in the AWAKE Experiment

Author

Stefano Mazzoni, J. Pucek, M. Turner, V. N. Fedosseev, Robert Apsimon, Jorge Vieira, A. A. Gorn, A. Perera, O. Apsimon, B. Ráczkevi, D. Medina Godoy, L. Verra, B. Buttenschön, M. Aladi, R. Fiorito, Rebecca Ramjiawan, G. Zevi della Porta, P. I. Morales Guzmán, Carsten Welsch, M. Krupa, Kookjin Moon, Ricardo Fonseca, Florian Kraus, H. Panuganti, S. Doebert, Nelson Lopes, E. Senes, S. Rey, B. Woolley, V. Khudyakov, M. Granetzny, D. A. Cooke, C. Pakuza, Oliver Schmitz, Allen Caldwell, Ambrogio Fasoli, R. Agnello, T. Nechaeva, Matthew Wing, M. Moreira, Eduardo Granados, Luis O. Silva, Konstantin Lotov, Manfred Wendt, C. Stollberg, P. Blanchard, Alexander Pukhov, Moses Chung, N. Torrado, V. Hafych, A. Topaloudis, Spencer Gessner, Amos Dexter, G. Demeter, C. Ahdida, E. Nowak, J. Wolfenden, Eric Chevallay, Edda Gschwendtner, S.-Y. Kim, Linbo Liang, J. T. Moody, M. Á. Kedves, John P. Farmer, C. Davut, M. Hüther, E. D. Guran, Philip Burrows, Olaf Grulke, A. Sublet, M. Bergamaschi, Ans Pardons, T. Graubner, Francesco Velotti, F. Batsch, M. Zepp, P. V. Tuev, M. A. Baistrukov, J. Chappell, Y. Andrebe, A.-M. Bachmann, H. Vincke, M. C. Amoedo Goncalves, H. Damerau, Ivo Furno, Guoxing Xia, J. R. Henderson, Thibaut Lefèvre, AWAKE Collaboration, and Collaboration, The AWAKE

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, Fitting methods, Radiation, Bayesian inference, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], High Energy Physics - Experiment, analysis and statistical methods, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Ciências Naturais::Matemáticas [Domínio/Área Científica], Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors beam intensity monitors bunch length monitors), Pattern recognition, beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors, beam-intensity monitors bunch, length monitors), Engenharia e Tecnologia::Outras Engenharias e Tecnologias [Domínio/Área Científica], wakefield, Divergence (statistics), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, hep-ex, Cluster finding calibration, Process (computing), electrons, acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Computational physics, Transverse plane, Bunches, Beamline, pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors, beam-intensity monitors, bunch length monitors), Analysis and statistical methods, beam, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A precise characterization of the incoming proton bunch parameters is required to accurately simulate the self-modulation process in the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). This paper presents an analysis of the parameters of the incoming proton bunches used in the later stages of the AWAKE Run 1 data-taking period. The transverse structure of the bunch is observed at multiple positions along the beamline using scintillating or optical transition radiation screens. The parameters of a model that describes the bunch transverse dimensions and divergence are fitted to represent the observed data using Bayesian inference. The analysis is tested on simulated data and then applied to the experimental data. A precise characterization of the incoming proton bunch parameters is required to accurately simulate the self-modulation process in the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). This paper presents an analysis of the parameters of the incoming proton bunches used in the later stages of the AWAKE Run 1 data-taking period. The transverse structure of the bunch is observed at multiple positions along the beamline using scintillating or optical transition radiation screens. The parameters of a model that describes the bunch transverse dimensions and divergence are fitted to represent the observed data using Bayesian inference. The analysis is tested on simulated data and then applied to the experimental data.

Published
2021
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22. Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Density Gradient

Author

Eric Chevallay, V. A. Minakov, F. Keeble, Linbo Liang, Ans Pardons, F. Friebel, J. R. Henderson, M. A. Baistrukov, Stefano Mazzoni, M. Turner, Yu Li, F. Batsch, Ivo Furno, L. Verra, M. Granetzny, H. Saberi, Philip Burrows, V. Hafych, Carsten Welsch, J. T. Moody, M. Hüther, Guoxing Xia, Benjamin Woolley, M. Á. Kedves, P. Blanchard, P. V. Tuev, V. A. Verzilov, J. Chappell, M. Chung, Florian Kraus, R. I. Spitsyn, Ricardo Fonseca, T. Nechaeva, A. Perera, Olaf Grulke, M. Krupa, M. Aladi, R. Fiorito, S. Liu, Brennan Goddard, A. Helm, Nelson Lopes, I. Gorgisyan, Erik Adli, E. Senes, Ambrogio Fasoli, Patric Muggli, M. Zepp, S. Doebert, L. H. Deubner, Spencer Gessner, D. Medina Godoy, Rebecca Ramjiawan, M. Martyanov, S. Rey, Hartmut Ruhl, M. Moreira, Alan Howling, H. Panuganti, Amos Dexter, Simon Jolly, R. Jacquier, D. A. Cooke, Edda Gschwendtner, G. Zevi della Porta, G. P. Djotyan, T. Lefevre, M. Bergamaschi, J. Pucek, L. Garolfi, B. Williamson, Matthew Wing, H. Damerau, A. A. Gorn, V. N. Fedosseev, Eduardo Granados, I. Yu. Kargapolov, Francesco Velotti, Robert Apsimon, Sung Youb Kim, B. Buttenschön, O. Apsimon, Luis O. Silva, F. Braunmüller, B. Ráczkevi, Alexander Pukhov, Anthony Hartin, G. Demeter, M. D. Kelisani, John P. Farmer, Allen Caldwell, R. Agnello, Peter Sherwood, F. Peña Asmus, Jorge Vieira, A.-M. Bachmann, P. I. Morales Guzmán, Konstantin Lotov, J. Wolfenden, C. Davut, Oliver Schmitz, Alexey Petrenko, Y. Andrebe, and Collaboration, AWAKE

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Proton, Density gradient, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], 01 natural sciences, Physics::Plasma Physics, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Linear system, Spectral density, Plasma, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Modulation, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Phase velocity, Frequency modulation
Abstract

We study experimentally the effect of linear plasma density gradients on the self-modulation of a 400\,GeV proton bunch. Results show that a positive/negative gradient in/decreases the number of micro-bunches and the relative charge per micro-bunch observed after 10\,m of plasma. The measured modulation frequency also in/decreases. With the largest positive gradient we observe two frequencies in the modulation power spectrum. Results are consistent with changes in wakefields' phase velocity due to plasma density gradient adding to the slow wakefields' phase velocity during self-modulation growth predicted by linear theory., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020

23. Final Results of GERDA on the Search for Neutrinoless Double-ß Decay

Author

V. I. Gurentsov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, A. Lubashevskiy, T. Wester, A. A. Vasenko, A.A. Smolnikov, J. Huang, O.I. Kochetov, J. Janicskó Csáthy, R. Mingazheva, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, A. M. Gangapshev, B. Schwingenheuer, R. Brugnera, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, V. V. Kazalov, O. Schulz, E. Doroshkevich, Franz Dieter Fischer, A.-K. Schütz, I. Zhitnikov, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Werner Hofmann, N. Di Marco, Paolo Piseri, G. R. Araujo, D. R. Zinatulina, A. Lazzaro, D. Stukov, M. Schwarz, M. Miloradovic, Allen Caldwell, A. Garfagnini, W. Maneschg, S. Schönert, Josef Jochum, E. A. Yanovich, M. Balata, C. Bauer, Stefano Riboldi, L. Shtembari, F. Salamida, Manfred Lindner, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, Hardy Simgen, I. R. Barabanov, V. D'Andrea, C. Gooch, S. V. Zhukov, P. Krause, Igor Nemchenok, Mikael Hult, K. Panas, K. von Sturm, Bela Majorovits, K. N. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, M. Misiaszek, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, L. Manzanillas, E. V. Demidova, T. Comellato, L. Pertoldi, S. Hemmer, Y. Kermaïdic, Laura Baudis, A. Pullia, G. Zuzel, O. Selivanenko, S. Belogurov, Ivano Lippi, C. Wiesinger, A. V. Veresnikova, M. Shirchenko, A. Chernogorov, M. Fomina, R. Hiller, E. Bossio, M. Schütt, D. Borowicz, L. V. Inzhechik, Cinzia Sada, B. Zatschler, P. Grabmayr, Alessandro Bettini, Y. Müller, C. Macolino, V. Bothe, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, M. Junker, C. Vignoli, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, L. Rauscher, A. Zschocke, Jochen Schreiner, V. Biancacci, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, M. M. Wojcik, E. Bellotti, Th. Kihm, H. Khushbakht, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, N. Rumyantseva, M. Laubenstein, and GERDA collaboration

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Signal region, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 3. Good health, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, chemistry, GE-76, 0103 physical sciences, GERDA - Abteilung Hinton, Liquid argon, Beta (velocity), SHAPE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Diode
Abstract

The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment searched for the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless double-$\beta$ ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{76}$Ge, whose discovery would have far-reaching implications in cosmology and particle physics. By operating bare germanium diodes, enriched in $^{76}$Ge, in an active liquid argon shield, GERDA achieved an unprecedently low background index of $5.2\times10^{-4}$ counts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$yr) in the signal region and met the design goal to collect an exposure of 100 kg$\cdot$yr in a background-free regime. When combined with the result of Phase I, no signal is observed after 127.2 kg$\cdot$yr of total exposure. A limit on the half-life of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in $^{76}$Ge is set at $T_{1/2}>1.8\times10^{26}$ yr at 90% C.L., which coincides with the sensitivity assuming no signal., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters

Published
2020

24. First Search for Bosonic Superweakly Interacting Massive Particles with Masses up to 1 MeV/c2 with GERDA

Author

K. Panas, M. M. Wojcik, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, A.-K. Schütz, E. Bellotti, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, N. Di Marco, Alessandro Bettini, Manfred Lindner, W. Maneschg, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, E. A. Yanovich, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, O.I. Kochetov, Laura Baudis, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, V. G. Egorov, Kai Zuber, R. Brugnera, O. Selivanenko, R. Mingazheva, Th. Kihm, M. Balata, A. A. Vasenko, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, L. Rauscher, B. Schwingenheuer, M. Junker, Werner Hofmann, V. I. Gurentsov, A. Zschocke, V. Bothe, Paolo Piseri, Allen Caldwell, A. M. Gangapshev, E. Doroshkevich, I. V. Kirpichnikov, H. Khushbakht, P. Moseev, Jochen Schreiner, P. Grabmayr, Luciano Pandola, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, L. V. Inzhechik, C. Vignoli, A. Lazzaro, M. Miloradovic, K. von Sturm, A. A. Klimenko, L. Pertoldi, M. Schwarz, A. Garfagnini, O. Schulz, A. Pullia, K. N. Gusev, A. Lubashevskiy, N. Rumyantseva, K. T. Knöpfle, C. Macolino, Cinzia Sada, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, Hardy Simgen, B. Zatschler, I. R. Barabanov, C. Gooch, R. Kneißl, S. V. Zhukov, Josef Jochum, S. Schönert, V. V. Kazalov, Franz Dieter Fischer, T. Comellato, M. Laubenstein, A. V. Veresnikova, A. Chernogorov, R. Hiller, G. Zuzel, P. Krause, Y. Kermaïdic, Ivano Lippi, J. Hakenmüller, C. Wiesinger, M. Shirchenko, V. D'Andrea, M. Fomina, D. Stukov, E. Bossio, F. Salamida, C. Bauer, Stefano Riboldi, M. Misiaszek, M. Schütt, D. Borowicz, J. Janicskó Csáthy, I. Zhitnikov, Igor Nemchenok, Bela Majorovits, E. V. Demidova, S. Belogurov, D. R. Zinatulina, Mikael Hult, and S. Hemmer

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Photon, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Pseudoscalar, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract

We present the first search for bosonic superweakly interacting massive particles (super-WIMPs) as keV-scale dark matter candidates performed with the GERDA experiment. GERDA is a neutrinoless double-s decay experiment which operates high-purity germanium detectors enriched in ^{76}Ge in an ultralow background environment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of INFN in Italy. Searches were performed for pseudoscalar and vector particles in the mass region from 60 keV/c^{2} to 1 MeV/c^{2}. No evidence for a dark matter signal was observed, and the most stringent constraints on the couplings of super-WIMPs with masses above 120 keV/c^{2} have been set. As an example, at a mass of 150 keV/c^{2} the most stringent direct limits on the dimensionless couplings of axionlike particles and dark photons to electrons of g_{ae}

Published
2020

25. Statistical methods for the new data release of GERDA

Author

Matteo Agostini, Allen Caldwell, Lolian Shtembari, and Oliver Schulz

Abstract

The GERDA experiment investigates lepton-number violation and whether neutrinos have a Majorana nature by searching for a rare nuclear transition called neutrinoless double beta decay (0vbb). The statistical challenges that arise in the search for rare-processes: evaluating the discovery power, the limit setting power on the signal rate and the goodness of fit of the background for models with data sets consisting of a small number of events are discussed. The topics selected include the systematic variations in the results due to the choice of fit models. This is investigated through Bayesian Hierarchical modelling. Order statistics and the Bayes factor are used as tools to study the background goodness of fit and the signal discovery power.

Published
2020
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26. Experimental Study of Wakefields Driven by a Self-Modulating Proton Bunch in Plasma

Author

L. Garolfi, M. Aladi, B. Williamson, Simon Jolly, J. T. Moody, P. I. Morales Guzmán, H. Panuganti, Michele Bergamaschi, V. N. Fedosseev, M. A. Baistrukov, M. Krupa, A. A. Gorn, Eugenio Senes, Alan Howling, M. Hüther, Erik Adli, Robert Apsimon, G. Demeter, Oliver Schmitz, Luis O. Silva, Alexander Pukhov, John P. Farmer, A. Helm, S. Rey, Jorge Vieira, Sung Youb Kim, V. A. Verzilov, Ivo Furno, Benjamin Woolley, B. Buttenschön, Patric Muggli, Linbo Liang, S. Liu, Florian Kraus, R. Jacquier, Olaf Grulke, Ans Pardons, J. Pucek, Philip Burrows, I. Yu. Kargapolov, M. Moreira, F. Friebel, B. Ráczkevi, T. Lefevre, F. Batsch, Allen Caldwell, H. Damerau, R. Agnello, S. Doebert, Stefano Mazzoni, I. Gorgisyan, M. Martyanov, Guoxing Xia, L. Verra, L. H. Deubner, Peter Sherwood, F. Peña Asmus, D. Medina Godoy, M. Granetzny, Rebecca Ramjiawan, Anthony Hartin, A. Perera, Brennan Goddard, F. Keeble, M. D. Kelisani, James Henderson, Ambrogio Fasoli, A.-M. Bachmann, Spencer Gessner, V. Hafych, Eric Chevallay, N. Lopes, Ralph Fiorito, V. A. Minakov, H. Saberi, D. A. Cooke, M. Zepp, Konstantin Lotov, P. Blanchard, Yang Li, Moses Chung, J. Wolfenden, Matthew Wing, Eduardo Granados, M. Á. Kedves, O. Apsimon, Alexey Petrenko, Hartmut Ruhl, P. V. Tuev, J. Chappell, G. P. Djotyan, C. Davut, Amos Dexter, Edda Gschwendtner, Y. Andrebe, Francesco Velotti, M. Turner, G. Zevi della Porta, Carsten Welsch, and Ricardo Fonseca

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Electron, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, awake, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Final energy, Surfaces and Interfaces, Plasma, Radius, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Transverse plane, Amplitude, beam, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We study experimentally the longitudinal and transverse wakefields driven by a highly relativistic proton bunch during self-modulation in plasma. We show that the wakefields' growth and amplitude increase with increasing seed amplitude as well as with the proton bunch charge in the plasma. We study transverse wakefields using the maximum radius of the proton bunch distribution measured on a screen downstream from the plasma. We study longitudinal wakefields by externally injecting electrons and measuring their final energy. Measurements agree with trends predicted by theory and numerical simulations and validate our understanding of the development of self-modulation. Experiments were performed in the context of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE)., 4 figures

Published
2020

27. Belle II pixel detector: Performance of final DEPFET modules

Author

B. Deschamps, R. Sedlmeyer, Z. Doležal, S. Mccarney, S. Reiter, F. Lütticke, Zhiyong Liu, U. Packheiser, T. Kuhr, K. Lautenbach, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, S. Krivokuca, L. Macharski, Belle-II Depfet, V. Babu, S. Skambraks, R. Ayad, B. Spruck, Allen Caldwell, S. Vogt, Thomas Gessler, Oscar Alonso, C. H. Wang, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, B. Kisielewski, H. G. Moser, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, M. Hensel, C. Niebuhr, U. Leis, Angel Dieguez, Tomasz Hemperek, Peter Kvasnicka, H. Ye, Carlos Lacasta, M. Fras, A. Bozek, Marcel Vos, Ivan Vila, P. Wieduwilt, U. Stolzenberg, J. Zhao, D. Getzkow, H. Schreeck, P. Kapusta, V. Chekelian, C. Camien, A. Rabusov, Y. Bai, P. Ahlburg, Hans Krüger, M. Schnecke, Wolfgang Kuhn, Soumen Paul, T. Bilka, Frank Simon, L. Gioi, D. Moya, B. Scavino, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, A. Frey, J. Fuster, S. Huber, C. Kiesling, I. Konorov, R. Stever, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, Concettina Sfienti, R. Blanco, Jelena Ninkovic, Gerhard Schaller, B. Paschen, L. Germic, F. Abudinen, Carlos Marinas, Michael Ritzert, U. Gebauer, C. Koffmane, F. J. Müller, Maiko Takahashi, M. Hoek, F. Poblotzki, C. Wessel, D. Münchow, F. Müller, Y. Soloviev, S. Rummel, D. Kittlinger, J. S. Lange, Peter Kodys, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, R. Richter, Gerhard Liemann, M. Boronat, Norbert Wermes, H. Windel, D. Klose, M. Albalawi, Jakub Kandra, AL Virto, M. Gabriel, Benjamin Schwenker, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, World Premier International Research Center (Japan), European Commission, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, PXD, Belle II, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Field-effect transistor, Vertex detector, Impact parameter, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, DEPFET, Pixel detector
Abstract

Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al., A DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) based pixel detector was developed for the Belle II VerteX Detector (VXD). It is designed to achieve a good impact parameter resolution better than 15𝜇m at the very high luminosity conditions of this experiment. In the first half of 2018 four final production modules have been deployed in the commissioning run of the detector and their performance is discussed., This work is supported by MEXT, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316, MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER (EU grant n. 644294) (Czech Republic); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany) and MINECO grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).

Published
2020

28. Correction to 'Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE'

Author

Brennan Goddard, S. Doebert, Spencer Gessner, Anthony Hartin, John Molendijk, Patrick Muggli, M. Krupa, Erik Adli, Graeme Burt, S. Rey, F. Friebel, James Henderson, B. Williamson, Ans Pardons, Eric Chevallay, M. Hüther, V. A. Minakov, John P. Farmer, Konstantin Lotov, Moses Chung, F. Batsch, Olaf Grulke, A. P. Sosedkin, L. Garolfi, Carsten Welsch, Chiara Bracco, V. A. Verzilov, Florian Kraus, Stefano Mazzoni, P. V. Tuev, Allen Caldwell, M. Turner, J. Chappell, S. Liu, M. Moreira, R. Apsimon, Ricardo Fonseca, V. N. Fedosseev, M. D. Kelisani, A. A. Gorn, Alexander Pukhov, Matthew Wing, Eduardo Granados, F. Keeble, H. Damerau, Sung Youb Kim, B. Buttenschön, Peter Sherwood, S. Burger, O. Apsimon, F. Peña Asmus, L. Verra, Simon Jolly, A. Perera, Arun Ahuja, H. Panuganti, Guoxing Xia, M. Wendt, A.-M. Bachmann, B. Woolley, A. Helm, Jorge Vieira, F. Braunmüller, Yang Li, Thibaut Lefèvre, Alexey Petrenko, J. T. Moody, I. Gorgisyan, L. H. Deubner, Ralph Fiorito, Nelson Lopes, M. Ibison, Amos Dexter, Edda Gschwendtner, Francesco Velotti, L. O. Silva, M. Martyanov, and David R. Cooke

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Proton, Physics::Plasma Physics, General Mathematics, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Articles, Plasma acceleration, Corrections
Abstract

In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013-2018) was to demonstrate that 10-20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.

Published
2019

29. Two-particle azimuthal correlations as a probe of collective behaviour in deep inelastic $\textit{ep}$ scattering at HERA

Author

A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, B. B. Levchenko, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, R. Brugnera, N. Z. Jomhari, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Oleg Kuprash, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, O. Turkot, S. Masciocchi, Bernd Surrow, G. Grzelak, Ada Solano, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, Olaf Behnke, I. Pidhurskyi, Uta Klein, Yuji Yamazaki, M. Ruspa, I. Makarenko, Claire Gwenlan, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, I. O. Skillicorn, O. Yu. Lukina, M. Shchedrolosiev, I. Abt, D. Gangadharan, Wojciech Slominski, Robert Ciesielski, A. Longhin, Mariusz Przybycien, P. Stopa, M. Corradi, J. D. Nam, J. Onderwaater, Nataliia Kovalchuk, R. Aggarwal, S. Kananov, Katsuo Tokushuku, L. M. Shcheglova, Stefan Floerchinger, Elisabetta Gallo, Yu. Onishchuk, A. Garfagnini, B. Löhr, V. Aushev, O. Zenaiev, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Janusz Chwastowski, L. Stanco, A. Bertolin, Achim Geiser, S. Yamada, K. Wichmann, A. Bruni, I. Kadenko, A. Quintero, N. H. Brook, L. Zawiejski, M. Turcato, Kunihiro Nagano, D. Hochman, U. Schneekloth, Enrico Tassi, P. J. Bussey, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, B. Foster, S. Dusini, Ingo Bloch, P. Kaur, M. Kuze, E. Lohrmann, N. Stefaniuk, I. A. Korzhavina, Leszek Adamczyk, J. Ciborowski, U. Karshon, J. Malka, J. Ferrando, A. Polini, L. K. Gladilin, R. K. Dementiev, Allen Caldwell, Matthew Wing, T. Tymieniecka, Marcella Capua, Andrii Verbytskyi, Aharon Levy, Ian Brock, D. H. Saxon, C. D. Catterall, and Robert Klanner

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, deep inelastic scattering [model], model: deep inelastic scattering, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), multiplicity, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Monte Carlo, Brookhaven RHIC Coll, Physics, angular correlation: two-particle, HERA, Particle correlations and fluctuations, Charged particle, DESY HERA Stor, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, charged particle: correlation, CERN LHC Coll, Pseudorapidity, correlation: two-particle, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, neutral current, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), collective, FOS: Physical sciences, Quark gluon plasma, transverse momentum, HERA, ZEUS, Collective flow, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Collective flow, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, hadron hadron: interaction, two-particle [correlation], interaction [hadron hadron], two-particle [angular correlation], ZEUS (particle detector), Neutral current, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, scattering, ZEUS, Deep inelastic scattering, rapidity, correlation [charged particle], lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

Journal of high energy physics 2004(4), 70 (2020). doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2020)070, Two-particle azimuthal correlations have been measured in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering with virtuality Q$^{2}$> 5 GeV$^{2}$ at a centre-of-mass energy $ \sqrt{s} $ = 318 GeV recorded with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The correlations of charged particles have been measured in the range of laboratory pseudorapidity −1.5 < η < 2.0 and transverse momentum 0.1 < p$_{T}$< 5.0 GeV and event multiplicities N$_{ch}$ up to six times larger than the average 〈N$_{ch}$〉 ≈ 5. The two-particle correlations have been measured in terms of the angular observables c$_{n{2}}$ = 〈〈cosnΔφ〉〉, where n is between 1 and 4 and ∆φ is the relative azimuthal angle between the two particles. Comparisons with available models of deep inelastic scattering, which are tuned to reproduce inclusive particle production, suggest that the measured two-particle correlations are dominated by contributions from multijet production. The correlations observed here do not indicate the kind of collective behaviour recently observed at the highest RHIC and LHC energies in high-multiplicity hadronic collisions., Published by SISSA, [Trieste]

Published
2019
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30. Modeling of GERDA Phase II data

Author

A. Domula, M. Schwarz, Laura Baudis, C. Wiesinger, Paolo Piseri, M. Shirchenko, A. Lazzaro, E. Bossio, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Alessandro Bettini, D. R. Zinatulina, M. Miloradovic, E. V. Demidova, A. V. Veresnikova, A. Chernogorov, R. Hiller, R. Kneißl, S. Belogurov, V. D'Andrea, Stefano Riboldi, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, Igor Nemchenok, M. Schütt, M. Misiaszek, Cinzia Sada, B. Zatschler, Bela Majorovits, C. Macolino, Hardy Simgen, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, C. Vignoli, R. Brugnera, Mikael Hult, D. Borowicz, K. N. Gusev, Jochen Schreiner, L. Pertoldi, F. Fischer, Josef Jochum, N. Rumyantseva, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, V. I. Gurentsov, S. Hemmer, Y. Kermaïdic, J. Janicskó Csáthy, Stefan Schönert, E. Doroshkevich, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, L. V. Inzhechik, Ivano Lippi, Manfred Lindner, E. Bellotti, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, K. Panas, I. Zhitnikov, V. Bothe, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, A. Zschocke, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, A.-K. Schütz, Marcin Wójcik, V. N. Kornoukhov, M. Fomina, P. Grabmayr, K. Pelczar, N. Di Marco, O.I. Kochetov, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, I. R. Barabanov, A. M. Gangapshev, C. Gooch, S. V. Zhukov, Thomas Kihm, O. Selivanenko, R. Mingazheva, B. Schwingenheuer, M. Junker, Oliver Schulz, Alberto Pullia, V. G. Egorov, M. Balata, A. Garfagnini, K. T. Knöpfle, T. Comellato, L. Vanhoefer, Matthias Laubenstein, G. Zuzel, V. V. Kazalov, P. Krause, A. A. Vasenko, Christian Bauer, A. Lubashevskiy, J. Hakenmüller, D. Stukov, Werner Hofmann, F. Salamida, Allen Caldwell, and K. von Sturm

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectrum (functional analysis), Detector, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Order (ring theory), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor detector, ddc, Region of interest, 0103 physical sciences, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments), lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, DOUBLE-BETA DECAY, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) experiment at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) of INFN is searching for neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay of 76Ge. The technological challenge of Gerda is to operate in a “background-free” regime in the region of interest (ROI) after analysis cuts for the full 100 kg·yr target exposure of the experiment. A careful modeling and decomposition of the full-range energy spectrum is essential to predict the shape and composition of events in the ROI around Qββ for the 0νββ search, to extract a precise measurement of the half-life of the double-beta decay mode with neutrinos (2νββ) and in order to identify the location of residual impurities. The latter will permit future experiments to build strategies in order to further lower the background and achieve even better sensitivities. In this article the background decomposition prior to analysis cuts is presented for Gerda Phase II. The background model fit yields a flat spectrum in the ROI with a background index (BI) of $$ {16.04}_{-0.85}^{+0.78}\cdotp {10}^{-3} $$ 16.04 − 0.85 + 0.78 · 10 − 3 cts/(keV·kg·yr) for the enriched BEGe data set and $$ {14.68}_{-0.52}^{+0.47}\cdotp {10}^{-3} $$ 14.68 − 0.52 + 0.47 · 10 − 3 cts/(keV·kg·yr) for the enriched coaxial data set. These values are similar to the one of Phase I despite a much larger number of detectors and hence radioactive hardware components.

Published
2019

31. Integration with an adaptive harmonic mean algorithm

Author

Philipp Eller, Vasyl Hafych, Allen Caldwell, Oliver Schulz, Marco Szalay, and Rafael C. Schick

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Harmonic mean, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Probability and statistics, 02 engineering and technology, High dimensional, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Bayesian inference, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Marginal likelihood, Task (project management), ddc, 010104 statistics & probability, symbols.namesake, symbols, 0101 mathematics, 0210 nano-technology, Algorithm
Abstract

Numerically estimating the integral of functions in high dimensional spaces is a nontrivial task. A oft-encountered example is the calculation of the marginal likelihood in Bayesian inference, in a context where a sampling algorithm such as a Markov Chain Monte Carlo provides samples of the function. We present an Adaptive Harmonic Mean Integration (AHMI) algorithm. Given samples drawn according to a probability distribution proportional to the function, the algorithm will estimate the integral of the function and the uncertainty of the estimate by applying a harmonic mean estimator to adaptively chosen regions of the parameter space. We describe the algorithm and its mathematical properties, and report the results using it on multiple test cases.

Published
2019

32. Data quality monitors of vertex detectors at the start of the Belle II experiment

Author

Oscar Alonso, Tomoyuki Kono, S. Bacher, M. Fras, S. Das, S. Skambraks, S. Watanuki, Zhen’An Liu, S. Reiter, S. Bettarini, Takeo Higuchi, U. Stolzenberg, T. Zhang, A. Paladino, Toru Tsuboyama, L. Corona, J. Baudot, S. Mccarney, Rainer Richter, Benjamin Schwenker, Concettina Sfienti, M. Hensel, Nils Braun, Boqun Wang, P. Kodyš, K. K. Rao, O. Verbycka, Lorenzo Vitale, Mikihiko Nakao, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, H. Windel, G. Batignani, Jesus Abudinen, Katsuro Nakamura, Michael Ritzert, K. Adamczyk, Eugenio Paoloni, Dipak Kumar Sahoo, K. Lautenbach, Daniel Greenwald, H. Yin, Y. Soloviev, I. Ripp-Baudot, C. Niebuhr, T. Czank, S. Y. Suzuki, U. Leis, Gerhard Liemann, C. W. Joo, M. Gabriel, S. Yamada, L. Zani, Jelena Ninkovic, Gaetano de Marino, Markus Friedl, Igor Konorov, L. Gioi, B. Deschamps, T. Kuhr, S. Krivokuca, Mohammed Albalawi, Gerhard Schaller, D. Klose, R. Sedlmeyer, Hua Ye, L. Macharski, B. Paschen, Y. B. Li, U. Gebauer, Stephan Paul, Allen Caldwell, Chiara La Licata, Chunhua Li, F. Buchsteiner, Oskar Hartbrich, Jakub Kandra, A. B. Kaliyar, Z. Doležal, N. Rout, Shuji Tanaka, Norbert Wermes, H. Aihara, Christian Irmler, C. Camien, Vladimir Chekelian, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, Thomas Gessler, Souvik Maity, B. Spruck, R. Itoh, J.A.M. Grimaldo, D. Moya, S. Bahinipati, G. Dujany, Seokhee Park, R. Thalmeier, B. Kisielewski, Christian Koffmane, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, F. Forti, Carlos Marinas, A. Ishikawa, E. Ganiev, B. Scavino, AL Virto, S. N. Mayekar, Pablo Gomis López, Maiko Takahashi, T. Kohriky, Y. Uematsu, Frank Simon, P. Wieduwilt, Z. Natkaniec, T. Aziz, M. Hoek, Daniel Esperante, D. Kittlinger, M. Kaleta, H. G. Moser, Angel Dieguez, Ladislav Andricek, Giulia Casarosa, R. Ayad, F. Poblotzki, L. Santelj, T. Morii, A. Bozek, H. Tanigawa, N. Sato, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, Jens Sören Lange, H. Schreeck, Qingyuan Liu, F. Müller, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, K. H. Kang, N. Dash, Rajeev Kumar, D. Červenkov, Yeqi Chen, G. B. Mohanty, F. Luetticke, Hans Krüger, Peter Kvasnicˇka, A. Rabusov, C. Kiesling, C. Wessel, G. Rizzo, R. Stever, Y. Onuki, V. Babu, Yinghui Guan, Stefan M. Huber, G. Giakoustidis, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, Koji Hara, James Webb, Marca Boronat, Tomasz Hemperek, Marcel Vos, Thomas Lück, Prafulla Kumar Behera, Seungcheol Lee, Juan Fuster, K. Wan, P. Kapusta, J. Wiechczynski, P. Ahlburg, M. Schnecke, S. Halder, T. Bilka, Christoph Schwanda, W. Ostrowicz, S. Stefkova, L. Lanceri, J. Libby, M. Kumar, A. Frey, S. Hazra, E. Tafelmayer, Felix Johannes Müller, H. B. Jeon, Ivan Vila, H. Park, S. Vogt, Carlos Lacasta, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Belle-II, PXD, SVD, DAQ, DQM, and software

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, QC1-999, vertex detector, BELLE, quality: monitoring, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, programming, Silicon vertex detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, semiconductor detector: pixel, law, 0103 physical sciences, Quality monitoring, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Collider, numerical calculations, detector: design, activity report, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Upgrade, Full data, Data quality, Physics::Accelerator Physics, semiconductor detector: microstrip, High Energy Physics::Experiment, upgrade, Vertex detector, monitoring: on-line, performance
Abstract

The Belle II experiment features a substantial upgrade of the Belle detector and will operate at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric e+e− collider at KEK in Tsukuba, Japan. The accelerator completed its first phase of commissioning in 2016, and the Belle II detector saw its first electron-positron collisions in April 2018. Belle II features a newly designed silicon vertex detector based on double-sided strip layers and DEPFET pixel layers. A subset of the vertex detector was operated in 2018 to determine background conditions (Phase 2 operation). The collaboration completed full detector installation in January 2019, and the experiment started full data taking. This paper will report on the final arrangement of the silicon vertex detector part of Belle II with a focus on online monitoring of detector conditions and data quality, on the design and use of diagnostic and reference plots, and on integration with the software framework of Belle II. Data quality monitoring plots will be discussed with a focus on simulation and acquired cosmic and collision data.

Published
2019

33. Charm production in charged current deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

Olaf Behnke, N. Z. Jomhari, Bernd Surrow, C. D. Catterall, Achim Geiser, Marcella Capua, Ada Solano, O. Shkola, B. B. Levchenko, G. Grzelak, W. Słomiński, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, Claire Gwenlan, B. Löhr, A. Longhin, R. Brugnera, P. Stopa, Leszek Adamczyk, J. Onderwaater, Luca Stanco, S. Kananov, S. Yamada, M. Kuze, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, E. Lohrmann, Andrii Verbytskyi, Marta Ruspa, Katsuo Tokushuku, Robert Ciesielski, Elisabetta Gallo, Yu. Onishchuk, M. Shchedrolosiev, Mariusz Przybycien, M. Corradi, Ian Brock, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, O. Zenaiev, Matthew Wing, Uta Klein, Janusz Chwastowski, I. Pidhurskyi, D. H. Saxon, A. Quintero, A. Bruni, I. Abt, D. Gangadharan, L. M. Shcheglova, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Oleg Kuprash, S. Masciocchi, Enrico Tassi, I. Makarenko, O. Yu. Lukina, Nataliia Kovalchuk, B. Foster, J. Ferrando, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, S. Dusini, Ingo Bloch, N. Stefaniuk, Aharon Levy, N. H. Brook, L. K. Gladilin, R. K. Dementiev, J. D. Nam, I. O. Skillicorn, U. Karshon, Yuji Yamazaki, U. Schneekloth, Allen Caldwell, D. Hochman, P. J. Bussey, T. Tymieniecka, Robert Klanner, I. Kadenko, V. Aushev, K. Wichmann, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, I. A. Korzhavina, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, R. Aggarwal, A. Garfagnini, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, O. Turkot, A. Bertolin, L. Zawiejski, M. Turcato, Kunihiro Nagano, P. Kaur, J. Ciborowski, J. Malka, and A. Polini

Subjects
data analysis method, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, HERA, ZEUS, Electroweak interaction, Heavy quark production, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), QCD, HERA, heavy quark production, FOS: Physical sciences, phase space [kinematics], measured [cross section], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, charged current, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), statistical analysis, deep inelastic scattering, 0103 physical sciences, Electroweak interaction, ddc:530, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, deep inelastic scattering [positron p], Charm (quantum number), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Monte Carlo, lepton-nucleon scattering (experiments), Charged current, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), ZEUS (particle detector), electroweak interaction, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, scattering, ZEUS, Deep inelastic scattering, production [charm], DESY HERA Stor, deep inelastic scattering [electron p], lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, statistical, experimental results
Abstract

Charm production in charged current deep inelastic scattering has been measured for the first time in e ± p collisions, using data collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 358 pb−1. Results are presented separately for e + p and e − p scattering at a centre-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 318 GeV within a kinematic phase-space region of 200 GeV2 < Q 2 < 60000 GeV2 and y < 0.9, where Q 2 is the squared four-momentum transfer and y is the inelasticity. The measured cross sections of electroweak charm production are consistent with expectations from the Standard Model within the large statistical uncertainties.

Published
2019
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34. A compact electron injector for the EIC based on plasma wakefields driven by the RHIC-EIC proton beam

Author

Matthew Wing, James Chappell, and Allen Caldwell

Subjects
Physics, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Electron density, Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Plasma, Plasma acceleration, Physics - Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Electric field, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Collider, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Initial simulations investigating using the RHIC-EIC proton beam as the drive beam in a plasma wakefield acceleration experiment are presented. The proton beam enters the plasma and undergoes self-modulation, forming a series of microbunches. These microbunches resonantly drive electron density perturbations within the plasma, exciting a longitudinal electric field with accelerating gradients in excess of $\mathrm{GVm^{-1}}$. Injecting electrons into the resulting wakefield offers an efficient method for accelerating electron bunches for use in the proposed EIC collider., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted as proceedings for the XXVII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS2019)

Published
2019
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35. Experimental observation of plasma wakefield growth driven by the seeded self-modulation of a proton bunch

Author

M. Martyanov, H. Vincke, John Molendijk, A. Perera, L. Garolfi, R. Fiorito, R. Mompo, Luis O. Silva, David R. Cooke, E. Ozturk, J. T. Moody, Erik Adli, J. Batkiewicz, S. Bustamante, A. Guerrero, J. Bauche, L. Soby, Diego Barrientos, S. Rey, Amos Dexter, G. LeGodec, Michele Cascella, Moses Chung, Edda Gschwendtner, E. Öz, Florian Kraus, K. Rieger, Jorge Vieira, Janet Schmidt, K. Pepitone, D. Medina Godoy, M. Moreira, Chiara Bracco, Alexander Pukhov, Andrea Boccardi, Nelson Lopes, F. Braunmüller, Allen Caldwell, Yang Li, Thierry Bogey, A. Helm, Francesco Velotti, Ans Pardons, T. Lefevre, S. Doebert, B. Biskup, F. Keeble, Benjamin Woolley, Gennady Plyushchev, C. Hessler, Peter Sherwood, F. Peña Asmus, H. Damerau, F. Friebel, V. A. Verzilov, L. Deacon, T. Bohl, Alexey Petrenko, F. Batsch, Konstantin Lotov, M. Hüther, Spencer Gessner, A.-M. Bachmann, S. Liu, M. Bernardini, A. P. Sosedkin, Olaf Grulke, M. Ibison, V. N. Fedosseev, L. Jensen, G. Fior, V. K. Berglyd Olsen, C. Pasquino, L. Verra, Robert Apsimon, P. V. Tuev, R. Speroni, J. Chappell, L. Maricalva Brun, J. R. Henderson, J. D. Hansen, I. Gorgisyan, L. H. Deubner, A. A. Gorn, John P. Farmer, S. Burger, Sung Youb Kim, B. Buttenschön, B. Williamson, M. Barros Marin, Matthew Wing, Eduardo Granados, O. Apsimon, Wolfgang Höfle, Eric Chevallay, V. A. Minakov, Graeme Burt, Hartmut Ruhl, E. Shaposhnikova, Patric Muggli, Simon Jolly, Stefano Mazzoni, C. Mutin, I. A. Shalimova, M. Turner, Arun Ahuja, Guoxing Xia, Sam Pitman, Carsten Welsch, R. I. Spitsyn, Ricardo Fonseca, and James Mitchell

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], Acceleration, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, physics.acc-ph, awake, Physics, electrons, acceleration, Plasma, Accelerators and Storage Rings, ddc, instability, Transverse plane, Amplitude, beam, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Seeding, Atomic physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of 2.1×1014 and 7.7×1014 electrons/cm3. We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value (

Published
2019

37. AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN

Author

Allen Caldwell, E. Öz, Zulfikar Najmudin, Peter Sherwood, Konstantin Lotov, Heiko Damerau, Andrei Seryi, L. Soby, J. Holloway, Chiara Bracco, L. O. Silva, A. Butterworth, Gennady Plyushchev, Ligia Diana Amorim, M. Turner, C. Hessler, V. N. Fedosseev, F. Keeble, M. Martyanov, F. Friebel, John-Bjarne Hansen, Roberto Martorelli, V. K. Berglyd Olsen, Matthew Wing, T. Bohl, Graeme Burt, Michele Cascella, E. Feldbaumer, V. A. Verzilov, L. Deacon, S. Mandry, P. Dirksen, O. Mete, Patric Muggli, Y. Wei, K. Rieger, S. Doebert, Zheng-Ming Sheng, Erik Adli, B. Biskup, S. Liu, M. Bernardini, M. Hüther, James Mitchell, Raoul Trines, Muhammad Kasim, Ulrich Dorda, F. Salveter, P. V. Tuev, L. Jensen, Olaf Grulke, Robert Apsimon, R. Fiorito, Edda Gschwendtner, Nelson Lopes, S. Jolly, K. Pepitone, Carsten Welsch, Dino A. Jaroszynski, R. I. Spitsyn, Ricardo Fonseca, N. Savard, Hao Zhang, A. A. Gorn, John P. Farmer, B. Buttenschön, Ans Pardons, F. Batsch, Alexander Pukhov, A. P. Sosedkin, H. Vincke, A.-M. Bachmann, Guoxing Xia, E. Shaposhnikova, Robert Bingham, R.W. Assmann, Eric Chevallay, V. A. Minakov, Atefeh Joulaei, Wolfgang Höfle, Stefano Mazzoni, Hartmut Ruhl, Janet Schmidt, Silvia Cipiccia, Philip Burrows, Yang Li, Peter Norreys, Alexey Petrenko, J. T. Moody, J. Bauche, and Jorge Vieira

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CERN Lab, Proton, wake field [plasma], Proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, wake field [acceleration], 01 natural sciences, Linear particle accelerator, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, CNGS, Acceleration, Physics::Plasma Physics, low [energy], 0103 physical sciences, AWAKE, Linear accelerators, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, QC, Modulation of long plasmas [13.4], acceleration [electron], Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Plasma, stability, CERN SPS, Plasma acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Electron acceleration, Novel Acceleration Techniques (ANAC2) [13], Physics - Plasma Physics, beam [p], beam loading, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), modulation, Bunches, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, proposed experiment, Plasma wakefield, beam [laser], EuCARD2
Abstract

The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) aims at studying plasma wakefield generation and electron acceleration driven by proton bunches. It is a proof-of-principle R&D experiment at CERN and the world's first proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the former CNGS facility and uses the 400 GeV/c proton beam bunches from the SPS. The first experiments will focus on the self-modulation instability of the long (rms ~12 cm) proton bunch in the plasma. These experiments are planned for the end of 2016. Later, in 2017/2018, low energy (~15 MeV) electrons will be externally injected to sample the wakefields and be accelerated beyond 1 GeV. The main goals of the experiment will be summarized. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status will be presented., 7 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Published
2016
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38. Measurement of the cross-section ratio σ ψ(2S) / σ J/ψ(1S) in deep inelastic exclusive ep scattering at HERA

Author

Matthew Wing, P. Roloff, N. Kovalchuk, B. B. Levchenko, F. Corriveau, G. Grzelak, E.G. Boos, I.O. Skillicorn, Takuya Nobe, I. Abt, A. Kotański, T. Tsurugai, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, F. Januschek, I. Kadenko, R. Brugnera, Sebastian Mergelmeyer, Marco Schioppa, Yu.O. Shyrma, Kerstin Borras, Achim Geiser, Ie. Korol, E. Lobodzinska, N. Z. Jomhari, A. Garfagnini, Marcella Capua, L. M. Shcheglova, W. Hain, Leszek Adamczyk, R. Ciesielski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, I. A. Korzhavina, Andrii Gizhko, Ada Solano, U. Karshon, S. Antonelli, Yu. Onishchuk, O. Yu. Lukina, Ganna Dolinska, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, Y. Yamazaki, Yu. A. Golubkov, D. Szuba, N.S. Pokrovskiy, L. Stanco, S. Limentani, R. Shevchenko, A. Longhin, E. Paul, D.H. Saxon, O. Kononenko, Katsuo Tokushuku, A. Bruni, M. Turcato, I. Singh, E. Lohrmann, F. Mohamad Idris, K. Nagano, O. Turkot, P. Stopa, Janusz Chwastowski, R. Klanner, Enrico Tassi, U. Klein, V. Aushev, O. Zenaiev, B. Foster, S. Dusini, K. Wichmann, M. Adamus, W. Słomiński, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, J. Grebenyuk, D. Lontkovskyi, I. Gregor, Mariusz Przybycien, M. Corradi, O. Viazlo, I. Makarenko, Allen Caldwell, L. K. Gladilin, R. K. Dementiev, Y. Iga, N. Kondrashova, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, A. Bertolin, R.C.E. Devenish, T. Tymieniecka, S. Kananov, U. Kötz, L. Zawiejski, B. Löhr, V. Myronenko, R. J. Nowak, W. Perlanski, P. Kaur, B.O. Zhautykov, Masaki Ishitsuka, J. Tomaszewska, O. Kuprash, Jan Figiel, J. Ciborowski, N. Stefaniuk, A. Iudin, Manjit Kaur, N. Mohammad Nasir, M. Lisovyi, J. Malka, Roman Walczak, Halina Abramowicz, I. Rubinsky, Ingo Bloch, A. Trofymov, D. Notz, D.S. Zotkin, C. D. Catterall, O. Shkola, N. Zhmak, Gy. Wolf, B. Krupa, J. Szuba, S. Yamada, Marcin Pawel Guzik, U. Schneekloth, M. Kuze, Grzegorz Gach, Olaf Behnke, Vladyslav Libov, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, Ian Brock, D. Hochman, R. Hori, Y. Aushev, E. Gallo, Danuta Kisielewska, N. Zakharchuk, Orel Gueta, Andrii Verbytskyi, Marta Ruspa, Aharon Levy, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, N. H. Brook, Peter Bussey, A. Stern, and W. B. Schmidke

Subjects
exclusive reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Proton, HERA, FOS: Physical sciences, HERA, ZEUS, Deep inelastic scattering, Psi meson production, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, decay modes, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), deep inelastic scattering, quantum chromodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Physics, ZEUS (particle detector), Luminosity (scattering theory), production [vector meson], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, electroproduction [psi(3685)], photon, ZEUS, scattering [electron p], Deep inelastic scattering, electroproduction [J/psi(3100)], DESY HERA Stor, Psi meson production, kinematics, Vertex (curve), lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, ratio [cross section], experimental results
Abstract

The exclusive deep inelastic electroproduction of $\psi(2S)$ and $J/\psi(1S)$ at an $ep$ centre-of-mass energy of 317 GeV has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA in the kinematic range $2 < Q^2 < 80$ GeV$^2$, $30 < W < 210$ GeV and $|t| < 1$ GeV$^2$, where $Q^2$ is the photon virtuality, $W$ is the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy and $t$ is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The data for $2 < Q^2 < 5$ GeV$^2$ were taken in the HERA I running period and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 114 pb$^{-1}$. The data for $5 < Q^2 < 80$ GeV$^2$ are from both HERA I and HERA II periods and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 468 pb$^{-1}$. The decay modes analysed were $\mu^+\mu^-$ and $J/\psi(1S) \,\pi^+\pi^-$ for the $\psi(2S)$ and $\mu^+\mu^-$ for the $J/\psi(1S)$. The cross-section ratio $\sigma_{\psi(2S)}/\sigma_{J/\psi(1S)}$ has been measured as a function of $Q^2, W$ and $t$. The results are compared to predictions of QCD-inspired models of exclusive vector-meson production., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures

Published
2016

39. Search for a narrow baryonic state decaying to pKS0 and p‾KS0 in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

E. Lobodzinska, Danuta Kisielewska, Marco Schioppa, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, Y. Yamazaki, R.C.E. Devenish, E. Lohrmann, I.O. Skillicorn, N. Zakharchuk, F. Mohamad Idris, R. Klanner, N. Stefaniuk, P. Stopa, M. Kuze, R. Hori, W. Słomiński, N. Kovalchuk, Olaf Behnke, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, E. Gallo, Grzegorz Gach, B. B. Levchenko, O. Zenaiev, A. Garfagnini, Katsuo Tokushuku, R. Brugnera, Anna Mastroberardino, E.G. Boos, Janusz Chwastowski, Yu.O. Shyrma, D. Lontkovskyi, M. Ruspa, Andrii Verbytskyi, I. Kadenko, Takuya Nobe, R. Ciesielski, Yu. Onishchuk, N. Z. Jomhari, Ian Brock, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, B. Löhr, Marcin Pawel Guzik, U. Schneekloth, D.H. Saxon, G. Grzelak, N.S. Pokrovskiy, Matthew Wing, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, Ada Solano, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, P. Roloff, M. Turcato, Allen Caldwell, I. A. Korzhavina, L. M. Shcheglova, S. Limentani, Claire Gwenlan, U. Klein, I. Makarenko, C.D. Catterall, Andrii Gizhko, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, Achim Geiser, Aharon Levy, I. Singh, Y. Iga, S. Yamada, L. Stanco, N. H. Brook, F. Januschek, O. Kuprash, S. Antonelli, U. Karshon, K. Nagano, Peter Bussey, M. Lisovyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, T. Tymieniecka, U. Kötz, V. Myronenko, T. Tsurugai, A. Kotański, R. J. Nowak, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, A. Stern, O. Hlushchenko, S. Kananov, A. Bruni, I. Abt, V. Aushev, W. Perlanski, K. Wichmann, M. Adamus, Enrico Tassi, B. Krupa, J. Tomaszewska, W. Hain, D. Hochman, Leszek Adamczyk, J. Ciborowski, O. Yu. Lukina, R. Shevchenko, A. Longhin, J. Malka, A. Polini, Halina Abramowicz, A. Bertolin, L. Zawiejski, P. Kaur, Masaki Ishitsuka, O. Turkot, S. Bhadra, D.S. Zotkin, B.O. Zhautykov, O. Shkola, Marcella Capua, N. Mohammad Nasir, Ingo Bloch, Mariusz Przybycien, M. Corradi, B. Foster, S. Dusini, L. K. Gladilin, and R. K. Dementiev

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Luminosity (scattering theory), ZEUS (particle detector), Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, HERA, Deep inelastic scattering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Resonance (particle physics), Baryon, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

A search for a narrow baryonic state in the p K S 0 and p ‾ K S 0 system has been performed in ep collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 358 pb − 1 taken in 2003–2007. The search was performed with deep inelastic scattering events at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV for exchanged photon virtuality, Q 2 , between 20 and 100 GeV 2 . Contrary to evidence presented for such a state around 1.52 GeV in a previous ZEUS analysis using a sample of 121 pb − 1 taken in 1996–2000, no resonance peak was found in the p ( p ‾ ) K S 0 invariant-mass distribution in the range 1.45–1.7 GeV. Upper limits on the production cross section are set.

Published
2016

40. Particle Physics after the Higgs

Author

B. Foster, Halina Abramowicz, and Allen Caldwell

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Fundamental interaction, Standard Model, 0103 physical sciences, Higgs boson, Dark energy, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Lepton
Abstract

A milestone in the understanding of our physical world was reached in 2012 with the discovery of the Higgs Boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva. However, there are still many unexplained phenomena that pose some of the big questions in science today, such as: Where is the anti-matter in the Universe? Why does the visible matter constitute only 5% of the Universe and what are dark matter and dark energy that constitute the rest? Can gravity be understood from a quantum mechanical point of view? In addition there are a number of puzzling observations such as: The wide range of masses of the fundamental particles; the huge difference in strength of the fundamental forces; and the observation of three families of quarks and leptons. The fact that the Standard Model cannot answer any of these questions nor explain these observations points towards the need for new theories.

Published
2016

41. BAT.jl Upgrading the Bayesian Analysis Toolkit

Author

Kevin Kröninger, Oliver Schulz, Allen Caldwell, Vasyl Hafych, Lolian Shtembari, Cornelius Grunwald, and Salvatore La Cagnina

Subjects
Computer science, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics, QC1-999, Bayesian probability, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, Artificial intelligence, 0101 mathematics, business, computer
Abstract

In all but the simplest cases, performing data analysis based on Bayesian reasoning requires the use of advanced algorithms. The Bayesian Analysis Toolkit (BAT) provides a collection of algorithms and methods that facilitate the application of Bayesian statistics to user-defined problems of arbitrary complexity. With BAT.jl, we present a modern rewrite of BAT in the Julia programming language. Through the use of a modular software design that is capable of running parallel and distributed, and by extending the tool with new sampling and integration algorithms, BAT.jl is a high-performance framework for Bayesian inference, meeting the requirements of modern data analysis.

Published
2020

42. Searching for neutrinoless double beta decay with GERDA

Author

S. Hemmer, V. N. Kornoukhov, Matthias Laubenstein, K. Pelczar, V. G. Egorov, K. T. Knöpfle, R. Brugnera, M. Balata, A. A. Vasenko, Guillaume Lutter, T. Wester, A. M. Bakalyarov, V. I. Lebedev, A.A. Smolnikov, A. Lazzaro, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, C. Wiesinger, L. Vanhoefer, Thomas Kihm, B. Schneider, Anna Julia Zsigmond, M. Shirchenko, E. Doroshkevich, Manfred Lindner, L. B. Bezrukov, Oliver Schulz, Kai Zuber, C. Macolino, L. Stanco, V. V. Kazalov, E. Shevchik, O.I. Kochetov, G. Zuzel, R. Falkenstein, H. V. Kirpichnikov, Jochen Schreiner, Alberto Pullia, A. Garfagnini, D. R. Zinatulina, O. Selivanenko, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, J. Janicsko, A.-K. Schütz, Hardy Simgen, Werner Hofmann, Allen Caldwell, M. Miloradovic, V. I. Gurentsov, K. N. Gusev, A. Hegai, K. Panas, T. Bode, A. Kish, A. M. Gangapshev, Marcin Wójcik, N. Di Marco, R. Mingazheva, Christian Bauer, A. Lubashevskiy, A. Domula, R. Kneiβl, Cinzia Sada, M. Junker, J. Hakenmüller, P. Grabmayr, B. Schwingenheuer, K. von Sturm, Mikael Hult, R. Hiller, Stefano Riboldi, E. Bellotti, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Stefan Schönert, C. Gooch, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, V. Wagner, I. Zhitnikov, I. R. Barabanov, Laura Baudis, M. Misiaszek, A. A. Klimenko, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, F. Salamida, S. V. Zhukov, Alessandro Bettini, B. Cattadori, A. Kirsch, Y. Kermaïdic, V. D'Andrea, Ivano Lippi, L. V. Inzhechik, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, C. Schmitt, A. V. Veresnikova, A. Chernogorov, J. Jochum Csáthy, A. Wegmann, Igor Nemchenok, Bela Majorovits, E. V. Demidova, and S. Belogurov

Subjects
Paper, Physics, History, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Double beta decay, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, ddc, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment located at the INFN Gran Sasso Laboratory (Italy), is looking for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Ge76, by using high-purity germanium detectors made from isotopically enriched material. The combination of the novel experimental design, the careful material selection for radio-purity and the active/passive shielding techniques result in a very low residual background at the Q-value of the decay, about 1e-3 counts/(keV kg yr). This makes GERDA the first experiment in the field to be background-free for the complete design exposure of 100 kg yr. A search for neutrinoless double beta decay was performed with a total exposure of 47.7 kg yr: 23.2 kg yr come from the second phase (Phase II) of the experiment, in which the background is reduced by about a factor of ten with respect to the previous phase. The analysis presented in this paper includes 12.4 kg yr of new Phase II data. No evidence for a possible signal is found: the lower limit for the half-life of Ge76 is 8.0e25 yr at 90% CL. The experimental median sensitivity is 5.8e25 yr. The experiment is currently taking data. As it is running in a background-free regime, its sensitivity grows linearly with exposure and it is expected to surpass 1e26 yr within 2018., 8 pages, to appear in the proceedings of TAUP2017

Published
2020

43. A future for very high-energy QCD studies

Author

Allen Caldwell

Subjects
Physics, Diffraction, Quantum chromodynamics, Particle physics, High energy, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Structure function, Strong interaction, Evolution equation, Leptoquark
Published
2018

44. Improved Limit on Neutrinoless Double- β Decay of Ge76 from GERDA Phase II

Author

L. V. Inzhechik, D. R. Zinatulina, O. Schulz, Mikael Hult, T. Comellato, V. G. Egorov, M. Balata, V. Wagner, G. Zuzel, L. Vanhoefer, C. Bauer, A. A. Vasenko, T. Bode, Stefano Riboldi, A.-K. Schütz, A. Hegai, N. Di Marco, M. Misiaszek, F. Salamida, R. Brugnera, A. Garfagnini, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, Manfred Lindner, J. Janicskó Csáthy, V. N. Kornoukhov, Y. Kermaïdic, A. Kish, K. Pelczar, A. V. Veresnikova, J. Hakenmüller, I. Zhitnikov, Ivano Lippi, Allen Caldwell, A. Chernogorov, M. Junker, C. Wiesinger, A. Wegmann, M. Shirchenko, R. Hiller, L. Pertoldi, Igor Nemchenok, Guillaume Lutter, A. Kirsch, O. Selivanenko, A. M. Bakalyarov, A. Lubashevskiy, W. Maneschg, S. Hemmer, M. Laubenstein, E. A. Yanovich, K. von Sturm, Bela Majorovits, R. Falkenstein, P. Grabmayr, B. Schneider, I. V. Kirpichnikov, V. I. Gurentsov, V. V. Kazalov, M. Miloradovic, D. Borowicz, J. Biernat, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, R. Mingazheva, C. Schmitt, B. Schwingenheuer, R. Kneißl, O.I. Kochetov, Th. Kihm, A. M. Gangapshev, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, Werner Hofmann, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, A. Zschocke, Alessandro Bettini, E. V. Demidova, S. Belogurov, C. Macolino, A. Pullia, Cinzia Sada, V. D'Andrea, A. Lazzaro, S. Schönert, K. Panas, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, M. M. Wojcik, E. Bellotti, E. Doroshkevich, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, A. Domula, L. Stanco, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, Hardy Simgen, Josef Jochum, I. R. Barabanov, S. V. Zhukov, K. N. Gusev, K. T. Knöpfle, and Laura Baudis

Subjects
Semileptonic decay, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing), Diode
Abstract

The GERDA experiment searches for the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless double-β decay of ^{76}Ge (^{76}Ge→^{76}Se+2e^{-}) operating bare Ge diodes with an enriched ^{76}Ge fraction in liquid argon. The exposure for broad-energy germanium type (BEGe) detectors is increased threefold with respect to our previous data release. The BEGe detectors feature an excellent background suppression from the analysis of the time profile of the detector signals. In the analysis window a background level of 1.0_{-0.4}^{+0.6}×10^{-3} counts/(keV kg yr) has been achieved; if normalized to the energy resolution this is the lowest ever achieved in any 0νββ experiment. No signal is observed and a new 90% C.L. lower limit for the half-life of 8.0×10^{25} yr is placed when combining with our previous data. The expected median sensitivity assuming no signal is 5.8×10^{25} yr.

Published
2018

46. First Physics Results of AWAKE, a Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN

Author

Allen Caldwell and Patric Muggli

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Electron density, Acceleration, Electron spectrometer, Transition radiation, Streak camera, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Plasma, Electron, Plasma acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

AWAKE is a plasma wakefield acceleration experiment using the 12cm-long, 400GeV proton bunch of the CERN SPS. In order to reach an acceleration gradient in the GeV/m range, the plasma electron density is 7$\times$10$^{14}$cm$^{-3}$. The transverse self-modulation, strongly seeded by an laser ionization front (seeded self-modulation or SSM), turns the long bunch into a train of micro-bunches at the plasma wavelength scale ($\sim$1mm) that resonantly drives the wakefields to large amplitude. Low energy electrons ($\sim$15MeV) can then be externally injected and accelerated to GeV energies. The plasma source is a laser-ionized rubidium vapor source. The vapor density is measured with $

Published
2018

47. Particle Physics with DIS - on the European Particle Physics Strategy Update

Author

Aharon Levy, Y. Furletova, N. Armesto Perez, David D'Enterria, J. Qiu, Allen Caldwell, C. Schwanenberger, Bo-Wen Xiao, Max Klein, and B. Surrow

Subjects
plasma [electron], Particle physics, CERN Lab, high [luminosity], Plasma electron, accelerator [electron], electron: accelerator, electron hadron: deep inelastic scattering, talk: Port Island 2018/04/16, ddc:530, accelerator: technology, colliding beams [electron nucleon], deep inelastic scattering [electron nucleus], Physics, Port Island 2018/04/16 [talk], Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, electron nucleus: deep inelastic scattering, technology [accelerator], HERA, electron nucleon: colliding beams, Deep inelastic scattering, Collision, electron: plasma, DESY HERA Stor, Project based, deep inelastic scattering [electron hadron], LHeC, High Energy Physics::Experiment, luminosity: high, Particle Physics - Experiment, experimental results
Abstract

26th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects, Port Island, Kobe, Japan, 16 Apr 2018 - 20 Apr 2018; Proceedings of Science / International School for Advanced Studies (DIS2018), 201 (2018). doi:10.22323/1.316.0201, This document sketches the physics perspectives and project status of various novel electron-hadron collision facilities proposed for deep inelastic scattering studies beyond HERA, including electron-ion colliders in the US (EIC) and China (EicC), energy-frontier machines at very high luminosity (LHeC and FCCeh) at CERN, and the VHEep project based on novel plasma electron accelerator technology at CERN. This summary is based mainly on presentations and discussions at a panel on the future of European particle physics, held at Kobe (Japan) during the 2018 DIS conference. The contents of this report will be included in the DIS-community recommendations to the EPPSU document to be updated by May 2020., Published by SISSA, Trieste

Published
2018
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48. Searching Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with Gerda Phase II

Author

V. D'Andrea, O. Schulz, L. B. Bezrukov, J. Janicskó Csáthy, Elena Sala, E. Shevchik, K. Panas, A. Lazzaro, A. Kirsch, Josef Jochum, Y. Kermaïdic, S. Schönert, W. Maneschg, Ivano Lippi, E. A. Yanovich, Stefano Nisi, R. Mingazheva, I. Zhitnikov, I. R. Barabanov, A. Lubashevskiy, C. Gooch, C. Wiesinger, S. V. Zhukov, B. Schweisshelm, B. Schwingenheuer, A. Garfagnini, M. Shirchenko, T. Wester, A. Domula, A.A. Smolnikov, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, V. I. Gurentsov, T. Comellato, V. Kazalov, A. Kish, A. V. Veresnikova, L. Stanco, V. G. Egorov, M. M. Wojcik, Allen Caldwell, L. Ioannucci, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, V. Wagner, M. Balata, C. Ransom, C. Bauer, Stefano Riboldi, M. Junker, C. Hahne, A. Chernogorov, F. Salamida, A. A. Vasenko, Th. Kihm, L. Vanhoefer, Hardy Simgen, T. Bode, L. V. Inzhechik, S. Hemmer, M. Reissfelder, R. Hiller, V. B. Brudanin, K. von Sturm, E. Bellotti, M. Misiaszek, H. Seitz, A. Wegmann, Manfred Lindner, M. Giordano, E. Doroshkevich, Igor Nemchenok, R. Kneißl, B. Schneider, G. Zuzel, P. Moseev, Bela Majorovits, Luciano Pandola, D. R. Zinatulina, Werner Hofmann, A. A. Klimenko, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, M. Laubenstein, P. Holl, J. Hakenmüller, P. Grabmayr, A. Zschocke, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Mikael Hult, E. V. Demidova, M. Miloradovic, O. Selivanenko, S. Belogurov, R. Falkenstein, Jochen Schreiner, C. Schmitt, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, A.-K. Schütz, A. Hegai, N. Di Marco, K. N. Gusev, R. Brugnera, V. V. Kuzminov, K. T. Knöpfle, Matteo Agostini, Laura Baudis, Gerd Marissens, O.I. Kochetov, A. M. Gangapshev, Alessandro Bettini, C. Macolino, A. Pullia, and Cinzia Sada

Subjects
Physics, Ge-76, Particle physics, Double beta decay, Phase (waves), Beta (velocity), Neutrino, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Semiconductor detector
Abstract

An observation of neutrinoless double beta ([Formula: see text]) decay would allow to shed light onto the nature of neutrinos. Gerda (GERmanium Detector Array) aims to discover this process in a background-free search using [Formula: see text]Ge. The experiment is located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy. Bare, isotopically enriched, high purity germanium detectors are operated in liquid argon. Gerda follows a staged approach. In Phase II 35.6 kg of enriched germanium detectors are operated since December 2015. The application of active background rejection methods, such as a liquid argon scintillation light read-out and pulse shape discrimination of germanium detector signals, allows to reduce the background index to the intended level of [Formula: see text] cts/(keV⋅kg⋅yr). No evidence for the [Formula: see text] decay has been found in 23.2 kg⋅yr of Phase II data, and together with data from Phase I the up-to-date most stringent half-life limit for this process in [Formula: see text]Ge has been established, at a median sensitivity of 5.8⋅10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]yr the 90[Formula: see text]% C.L. lower limit is 8.0⋅10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]yr.

Published
2018

49. Further studies of isolated photon production with a jet in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

P. Stopa, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, A. Bruni, O. Zenaiev, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, A. Stern, Marco Schioppa, N. H. Brook, O. Turkot, Enrico Tassi, B. Krupa, Robert Ciesielski, Masahiro Kuze, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, Danuta Kisielewska, B. B. Levchenko, O. Hlushchenko, Anna Mastroberardino, G. Grzelak, T. Tsurugai, V. Aushev, Yuji Yamazaki, Claire Gwenlan, R. Brugnera, S. Kananov, V. Myronenko, Y. Aushev, M. Adamus, Elisabetta Gallo, Yu. Onishchuk, Yu.O. Shyrma, B. Löhr, Achim Geiser, Allen Caldwell, I. Abt, J. Ciborowski, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, Leszek Adamczyk, T. Tymieniecka, I. Kadenko, W. Słomiński, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, S. Antonelli, R.C.E. Devenish, Ada Solano, J. Malka, A. Polini, N. Stefaniuk, Olaf Behnke, W. Perlanski, N. Z. Jomhari, A. Bertolin, Katsuo Tokushuku, L. Zawiejski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Turcato, N.S. Pokrovskiy, A. Kotański, Kunihiro Nagano, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, Janusz Chwastowski, L. M. Shcheglova, P. Kaur, L. Stanco, S. Yamada, R. Hori, Y. Iga, I. O. Skillicorn, Mykhailo Lisovyi, A. Garfagnini, J. Tomaszewska, D. Hochman, B. Foster, S. Dusini, P. J. Bussey, L. K. Gladilin, R. K. Dementiev, Matthew Wing, Masaki Ishitsuka, Marcella Capua, Ian Brock, D. H. Saxon, Andrii Verbytskyi, Marta Ruspa, Aharon Levy, A. Longhin, Uta Klein, O. Yu. Lukina, C. D. Catterall, O. Shkola, I. A. Korzhavina, Halina Abramowicz, Andrii Gizhko, U. Karshon, F. Mohamad Idris, Mariusz Przybycien, M. Corradi, B.O. Zhautykov, N. Mohammad Nasir, Oleg Kuprash, Ingo Bloch, K. Wichmann, Nataliia Kovalchuk, Robert Klanner, E. Lobodzinska, E. Lohrmann, Grzegorz Gach, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, Marcin Pawel Guzik, U. Schneekloth, and R. Aggarwal

Subjects
perturbation theory [quantum chromodynamics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, HERA, ZEUS, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), Photon production, QCD, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, high [transverse energy], HERA, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, transverse energy [photon], Photon energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, energy dependence, rapidity dependence, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), measured [differential cross section], 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, colliding beams [electron p], Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, production [photon], energy [photon], ZEUS, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], Deep inelastic scattering, higher-order [perturbation theory], DESY HERA Stor, Pseudorapidity, deep inelastic scattering [electron p], factorization [transverse momentum], lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 1 [higher-order], experimental results
Abstract

Isolated photons with high transverse energy have been studied in deep inelastic $ep$ scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of $326\,$ pb$^{-1}$ in the range of exchanged-photon virtuality $10 - 350$ GeV$^2$. Outgoing isolated photons with transverse energy $4, Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures

Published
2017
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50. Studies of the diffractive photoproduction of isolated photons at HERA

Author

A. Bruni, Enrico Tassi, G. Grzelak, Claire Gwenlan, Marco Schioppa, Leszek Adamczyk, Masaki Ishitsuka, Yuji Yamazaki, Volodymyr Myronenko, Mykhailo Lisovyi, Uta Klein, P. Stopa, B. B. Levchenko, I. Abt, O. Yu. Lukina, J. Tomaszewska, A. Longhin, Robert Ciesielski, Allen Caldwell, Elisabetta Gallo, Yu. Onishchuk, Oleksii Turkot, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, O. Behnke, T. Tymieniecka, Marcin Pawel Guzik, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, I. A. Korzhavina, Shoichi Yamada, R.C.E. Devenish, T. Schörner-Sadenius, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, Achim Geiser, A. Kotański, Masahiro Kuze, I. Kadenko, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, Andrii Verbytskyi, Marta Ruspa, S. Antonelli, Andrii Gizhko, U. Karshon, Aharon Levy, Y. Iga, W. Perlanski, S. Kananov, V. Aushev, E. Lohrmann, M. Adamus, A. Garfagnini, Grzegorz Gach, Af Zarnecki, F. Mohamad Idris, W. Slominski, Ewelina Lobodzinska, N. Z. Jomhari, U. Schneekloth, R. Hori, B. Löhr, R. Brugnera, D. Hochman, Yu.O. Shyrma, N.S. Pokrovskiy, Ian Brock, L. M. Shcheglova, P. J. Bussey, Ada Solano, Nataliia Kovalchuk, B.O. Zhautykov, D. H. Saxon, B. Foster, S. Dusini, L. Stanco, A. Stern, N. Mohammad Nasir, Oleg Kuprash, L. K. Gladilin, O. Zenaiev, R. K. Dementiev, I. O. Skillicorn, Ingo Bloch, Nazar Stefaniuk, Anna Mastroberardino, N. H. Brook, Matthew Wing, Mariusz Przybycien, Danuta Kisielewska, M. Corradi, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, K. Wichmann, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, A. Bertolin, L. Zawiejski, M. Turcato, Kunihiro Nagano, P. Kaur, Katsuo Tokushuku, J. Malka, J. Ciborowski, Janusz Chwastowski, A. Polini, T. Tsurugai, Marcella Capua, Robert Klanner, C. D. Catterall, O. Shkola, B. Krupa, O. Hlushchenko, Halina Abramowicz, and Y. Aushev

Subjects
Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), diffraction, photon: photoproduction, transverse energy [photon], jet: transverse momentum, Jet (particle physics), transverse momentum [jet], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pomeron, photoproduction [photon], electron p, Nuclear Experiment, Monte Carlo, HERA, ZEUS, QCD, Photoproduction, Diffraction, colliding beams [electron p], photon: transverse energy, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), longitudinal momentum, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], HERA, DESY HERA Stor, electron p: colliding beams, Photoproduction, kinematics, Pseudorapidity, rapidity [jet], numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Diffraction, photoproduction, electron p: deep inelastic scattering, Particle physics, pomeron: interaction, diffraction: dissociation, FOS: Physical sciences, differential cross section: measured, Nuclear physics, measured [differential cross section], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, ZEUS (particle detector), rapidity [photon], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, ZEUS, Deep inelastic scattering, QCD, rapidity, photon: rapidity, jet: rapidity, deep inelastic scattering [electron p], High Energy Physics::Experiment, dissociation [diffraction], interaction [pomeron], experimental results
Abstract

Physical review / D 96(3), 032006(2017). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.96.032006, The photoproduction of isolated photons has been measured in diffractive events recorded by the ZEUS detector at HERA. Cross sections are evaluated in the photon transverse-energy and pseudorapidity ranges $5 < E_T < 15$ GeV and $-0.7 < \eta < 0.9,$ inclusively and also with a jet with transverse energy and pseudorapidity in the ranges $4 < E_{jet} < 35$ GeV and $-1.5 < \eta_{jet} < 1.8,$ using a total integrated electron-proton luminosity of 456 pb$^{-1}$. A number of kinematic variables were studied and compared to predictions from the Rapgap Monte Carlo model. An excess of data is observed above the Rapgap predictions for $z^{meas}_{Pomeron} > 0.9,$ where $z^{meas}_{Pomeron}$ is the fraction of the longitudinal momentum of the colourless 'Pomeron' exchange that is transferred to the photon-jet final state, giving evidence for direct Pomeron interactions., Published by Inst., Woodbury, NY

Published
2017
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