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831 results on '"Alma, Alberto"'

6. Climate and landscape composition explain agronomic practices, pesticide use and grape yield in vineyards across Italy

Author

Geppert, Costanza, da Cruz, Mariana, Alma, Alberto, Andretta, Lucia, Anfora, Gianfranco, Battaglia, Donatella, Burgio, Giovanni, Caccavo, Vittoria, Chiesa, Serena Giorgia, Cinquatti, Francesca, Cocco, Arturo, Costi, Elena, D'Isita, Ilaria, Duso, Carlo, Garonna, Antonio Pietro, Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore, Bue, Paolo Lo, Lucchi, Andrea, Maistrello, Lara, Mannu, Roberto, Marchesini, Enrico, Masetti, Antonio, Mazzon, Luca, Mori, Nicola, Ortis, Giacomo, Peri, Ezio, Pescara, Guerino, Prazaru, Stefan Cristian, Ragone, Gianvito, Rigamonti, Ivo E., Rosi, Marzia Cristiana, Rotundo, Giuseppe, Sacchetti, Patrizia, Savoldelli, Sara, Suma, Pompeo, Tamburini, Giovanni, Garzia, Giovanna Tropea, and Marini, Lorenzo

Published
2024
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10. Biological control of the chestnut gall wasp with \emph{T. sinensis}: a mathematical model

Author

Paparella, Francesco, Ferracini, Chiara, Portaluri, Alessandro, Manzo, Alberto, and Alma, Alberto

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, 92D25
Abstract

The Asian chestnut gall wasp \emph{Dryocosmus kuriphilus}, native of China, has become a pest when it appeared in Japan, Korea, and the United States. In Europe it was first found in Italy, in 2002. In 1982 the host-specific parasitoid \emph{Torymus sinensis} was introduced in Japan, in an attempt to achieve a biological control of the pest. After an apparent initial success, the two species seem to have locked in predator-prey cycles of decadal length. We have developed a spatially explicit mathematical model that describes the seasonal time evolution of the adult insect populations, and the competition for finding egg deposition sites. In a spatially homogeneous situation the model reduces to an iterated map for the egg density of the two species. While the map would suggest, for realistic parameters, that both species should become locally extinct (somewhat corroborating the hypothesis of biological control), the full model, for the same parameters, shows that the introduction of \emph{T. sinensis} sparks a traveling wave of the parasitoid population that destroys the pest on its passage. Depending on the value of the diffusion coefficients of the two species, the pest can later be able to re-colonize the empty area left behind the wave. When this occurs the two populations do not seem to attain a state of spatial homogeneity, but produce an ever-changing pattern of traveling waves.

Published
2015

11. Scaphoideus titanus forecasting and management: quo vadis?

Author

Gonella, Elena, Benelli, Giovanni, Arricau-Bouvery, Nathalie, Bosco, Domenico, Duso, Carlo, Dietrich, Christopher H., Galetto, Luciana, Rizzoli, Attilio, Jović, Jelena, Mazzoni, Valerio, Mori, Nicola, Nieri, Rachele, Roversi, Pio F., Strauss, Gudrun, Thiéry, Denis, Trivellone, Valeria, Virant-Doberlet, Meta, Lucchi, Andrea, and Alma, Alberto

Abstract

Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major pest for European viticulture due to its high efficiency in the transmission of one of the most destructive pathogens for grapevine, namely flavescence dorée phytoplasmas. Although it plays a major role in spreading this disease, S. titanus is part of a complex epidemiological cycle involving several alternative vectors with variable relevance for phytoplasma spread. Here we provide an updated review on S. titanus monitoring and modelling, as well as the available tools for management of this pest and for limiting phytoplasma transmission and, thus, also spread. Insecticide-based control is examined; additional emphasis is placed on innovative and low-impact control approaches, such as vibrational mating disruption, biocontrol, and methods to reduce vector competence. We also discuss the main emerging challenges to the implementation of effective and sustainable control programs against S. titanus.

Published
2024
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12. Scaphoideus titanus up-to-the-minute: biology, ecology, and role as a vector

Author

Gonella, Elena, Benelli, Giovanni, Arricau-Bouvery, Nathalie, Bosco, Domenico, Duso, Carlo, Dietrich, Christopher H., Galetto, Luciana, Rizzoli, Attilio, Jović, Jelena, Mazzoni, Valerio, Mori, Nicola, Nieri, Rachele, Roversi, Pio F., Strauss, Gudrun, Thiéry, Denis, Trivellone, Valeria, Virant-Doberlet, Meta, Lucchi, Andrea, and Alma, Alberto

Abstract

Native to the Nearctic region, Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) has become a major threat for grapevine production after being unintentionally introduced into Europe, where it became the main vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasma, being mainly associated with the genus Vitis. Scaphoideus titanus is a highly efficient vector of the most important phytoplasma affecting grapevine. For this reason, compulsory insecticide treatments have been introduced against this pest in many European countries. Moreover, the continuous expansion of its geographical distribution makes this leafhopper a serious threat for several non-European Countries. In this article, we review the current knowledge about its taxonomy, morphology, biology, ecology, and its role as a vector. Finally, we point out the main challenges for research aimed at reducing S. titanus and flavescence dorée expansion across Europe and avoiding spread of the disease outside the Old World.

Published
2024
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13. Phytoplasma identification in pome fruit trees and Cacopsylla bidens (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Jordan.

Author

Alloush, Asem Habes Abu, Bianco, Piero Attilio, Alma, Alberto, Tedeschi, Rosemarie, and Quaglino, Fabio

Abstract

During field surveys conducted in 2021 in western Jordanian heights, phytoplasma-like symptoms were observed, including leaf reddening along with slow decline in pear (pear decline symptoms) and leaf yellowing followed by scorch in apple trees. Abundant populations of the psyllid Cacopsylla bidens were found in the pear trees. Nested PCR amplifying 16S rDNA detected phytoplasmas in 63% and 36% of symptomatic pear and apple samples, respectively, and in 46% of pooled C. bidens specimens. No phytoplasmas were detected in symptomless plant samples. PCR product nucleotide sequence analyses attributed the phytoplasmas detected in pear to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', 'Ca. P. solani', 'Ca. P. omanense', and 'Ca. P. aurantifolia', and those identified in apple to 'Ca. P. solani' and 'Ca. P. omanense'. All phytoplasma strains identified in C. bidens were attributed to 'Ca. P. pyri'. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasmas associated with pear and apple diseases, including pear decline, in Jordan. Even though a limited number of pome fruit samples were analyzed, a surprising diversity was found among detected phytoplasmas. Further studies will be carried out to investigate the complex etiology of such diseases, and the 'Ca. P. pyri' vectoring activity of C. bidens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. A Mathematical Model of Flavescence Dor\'ee Epidemiology

Author

Lessio, Federico, Portaluri, Alessandro, Paparella, Francesco, and Alma, Alberto

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, 92D30, 37N25
Abstract

Flavescence dor\'ee (FD) is a disease of grapevine transmitted by an insect vector, $Scaphoideus$ $titanus$ Ball. At present, no prophylaxis exists, so mandatory control procedures (e.g. removal of infected plants, and insecticidal sprays to avoid transmission) are in place in Italy and other European countries. We propose a model of the epidemiology of FD by taking into account the different aspects involved into the transmission process (acquisition of the disease, latency and expression of symptoms, recovery rate, removal and replacement of infected plants, insecticidal treatments, and the effect of hotbeds). The model was constructed as a system of first order nonlinear ODEs in four compartment variables. We perform a bifurcation analysis of the equilibria of the model using the severity of the hotbeds as the control parameter. Depending on the non-dimensional grapevine density of the vineyard we find either a single family of equilibria in which the health of the vineyard gradually deteriorates for progressively more severe hotbeds, or multiple equilibria that give rise to sudden transitions from a nearly healthy vineyard to a severely deteriorated one when the severity of the hotbeds crosses a critical value. These results suggest some lines of intervention for limiting the spread of the disease.

Published
2014

29. First record of the non-native Osbornellus auronitens (Provancher, 1889) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) in Italy

Author

Ruzzier, Enrico, Lessio, Federico, Cinquatti, Francesca, Poggi, Francesco, Alma, Alberto, Galli, Andrea, Bani, Luciano, Sanna, Francesco, Ruzzier, E, Lessio, F, Cinquatti, F, Poggi, F, Alma, A, Galli, A, Bani, L, Sanna, F, Ruzzier, Enrico, Lessio, Federico, Cinquatti, Francesca, Poggi, Francesco, Alma, Alberto, Galli, Andrea, Bani, Luciano, and Sanna, Francesco

Subjects
Cicadellidae, Osbornellus auronitens, Insecta, Arthropoda, Scaphoideini, alien species, biodiversity, distribution, Europe, leafhoppers, Deltocephalinae, alien species, Biota, Hemiptera, Europe, Osbornellus, distribution, Animalia, leafhoppers, Membracoidea, Cicadomorpha, biodiversity
Abstract

Background Globalisation and international trade, in particular, are the major drivers of introduction and the spread of non-native species. To date, more than 30 species of non-native Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha have been accidentally introduced into Europe. Some species are invasive with important repercussions primarily for agricultural activities, while almost no information exists on their impacts within natural ecosystems. Therefore, early detection of non-native species and their subsequent monitoring are extremely important actions to undertake. New information The North American Osbornellus auronitens (Provancher, 1889), firstly recorded for the Palearctic and Europe in Switzerland in 2016, is recorded in Italy for the first time on the basis of 77 specimens collected between August 2015 and October 2022.

Published
2023

31. Popillia japonica – Italian outbreak management

Author

Gotta, Paola, primary, Ciampitti, Mariangela, additional, Cavagna, Beniamino, additional, Bosio, Giovanni, additional, Gilioli, Gianni, additional, Alma, Alberto, additional, Battisti, Andrea, additional, Mori, Nicola, additional, Mazza, Giuseppe, additional, Torrini, Giulia, additional, Paoli, Francesco, additional, Santoiemma, Giacomo, additional, Simonetto, Anna, additional, Lessio, Federico, additional, Sperandio, Giorgio, additional, Giacometto, Emanuela, additional, Bianchi, Alessandro, additional, Roversi, Pio Federico, additional, and Marianelli, Leonardo, additional

Published
2023
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32. Acetic Acid Bacteria as Symbionts of Insects

Author

Crotti, Elena, Chouaia, Bessem, Alma, Alberto, Favia, Guido, Bandi, Claudio, Bourtzis, Kostas, Daffonchio, Daniele, Matsushita, Kazunobu, editor, Toyama, Hirohide, editor, Tonouchi, Naoto, editor, and Okamoto-Kainuma, Akiko, editor

Published
2016
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42. Identification of four distinct ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species in pomegranate trees showing witches' broom, little leaf and yellowing in Jordan, and preliminary insights on their putative insect vectors and reservoir plants

Author

Abu Alloush, Asem Habes, primary, Bianco, Piero Attilio, additional, Amashah, Sadeer, additional, Busato, Enrico, additional, Mahasneh, Amre, additional, AlShoubaki, Mahmoud, additional, Alma, Alberto, additional, Tedeschi, Rosemarie, additional, and Quaglino, Fabio, additional

Published
2022
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47. Identification of four distinct 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species in pomegranate trees showing witches' broom, little leaf and yellowing in Jordan, and preliminary insights on their putative insect vectors and reservoir plants.

Author

Abu Alloush, Asem Habes, Bianco, Piero Attilio, Amashah, Sadeer, Busato, Enrico, Mahasneh, Amre, AlShoubaki, Mahmoud, Alma, Alberto, Tedeschi, Rosemarie, and Quaglino, Fabio

Subjects
POMEGRANATE, CANDIDATUS, CAPSICUM annuum, SPECIES, PHYTOPLASMAS, DISEASE incidence
Abstract

During field surveys conducted in northern Jordan from June to November 2020, phytoplasma‐like symptoms, including leaf yellowing/reddening and rolling, little leaf and witches' broom were observed in pomegranate. Disease incidence in 22 surveyed orchards ranged from 30% to 65%. Nested PCR‐based amplification of 16S rRNA gene detected phytoplasmas in 17% of collected symptomatic pomegranate trees. Amplicon nucleotide sequence analyses allowed attributing the detected phytoplasmas to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', 'Ca. P. aurantifolia', 'Ca. P. asteris' and 'Ca. P. ulmi'. These phytoplasmas were found in plants showing specific symptoms and differentially distributed in the considered locations. Additionally, three cicadellids (Macrosteles sexnotatus, Cicadulina bipunctata and Psammotettix striatus) and two non‐crop plants (Plantago major and Capsicum annuum) resulted hosting 'Ca. P. asteris' strains, and one cicadellid (Balclutha incisa) was carrying a 'Ca. P. solani' strain. A new pomegranate disease complex associated with multiple phytoplasmas, including 'Ca. P. aurantifolia' and 'Ca. P. ulmi', never reported before in this host plant, is described here. Moreover, preliminary indications are provided on its possible epidemiology in Jordan, involving two putative insect vectors (M. sexnotatus, B. incisa) first reported in the Country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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