338 results on '"Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo"'
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2. Effect of seawater pH variation on the growth of calcareous deposits and its effect on an impressed current cathodic protection system
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Orozco-Cruz, Ricardo, Bohórquez-Rico, Juan, Marin, David, Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, Espinoza-Vázquez, Araceli, Carmona-Hernández, Andrés, and Galván-Martínez, Ricardo
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- 2023
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3. Corrosion mechanism of advanced high strength dual-phase steels by electrochemical noise analysis in chloride solutions
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Montoya-Rangel, Marvin, Garza-Montes-de-Oca, Nelson F., Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo
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- 2023
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4. Delamination and Tensile Effect of Fine z-Binder Reinforced on Fiberglass/Polyester Composite for Aerospace Applications
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Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, primary, Lira-Martínez, Alejandro, additional, Gomez-Avila, Marianggy, additional, M. Jaquez-Muñoz, Jesús, additional, Angel Baltazar-Zamora, Miguel, additional, Landa-Ruiz, Laura, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Estupiñan-López, Francisco, additional, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional
- Published
- 2022
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5. Effect of Citric Acid Hard Anodizing on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Different Aluminum Alloys.
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Cabral-Miramontes, José, Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, Méndez-Ramírez, Ce Tochtli, Flores-De los Rios, Juan Pablo, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, Baltazar-Zamora, Miguel Ángel, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, Lara-Banda, María, Pedraza-Basulto, Gabriela, and Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli
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HARD materials , *CORROSION in alloys , *OXIDE coating , *CORROSION resistance , *ALUMINUM alloying , *ALUMINUM alloys , *COPPER-zinc alloys - Abstract
Hard anodizing is used to improve the anodic films' mechanical qualities and aluminum alloys' corrosion resistance. Applications for anodic oxide coatings on aluminum alloys include the space environment. In this work, the aluminum alloys 2024-T3 (Al-Cu), 6061-T6 (Al-Mg-Si), and 7075-T6 (Al-Zn) were prepared by hard anodizing electrochemical treatment using citric and sulfur acid baths at different concentrations. The aim of the work is to observe the effect of citric acid on the microstructure of the substrate, the mechanical properties, the corrosion resistance, and the morphology of the hard anodic layers. Hard anodizing was performed on three different aluminum alloys using three citric–sulfuric acid mixtures for 60 min and using current densities of 3.0 and 4.5 A/dm2. Vickers microhardness (HV) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to determine the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of the hard anodizing material, and electrochemical techniques to understand the corrosion kinetics. The result indicates that the aluminum alloy 6061-T6 (Al-Mg-Si) has the maximum hard-coat thickness and hardness. The oxidation of Zn and Mg during the anodizing process found in the 7075-T6 (Al-Zn) alloy promotes oxide formation. Because of the high copper concentration, the oxide layer that forms on the 2024-T6 (Al-Cu) Al alloy has the lowest thickness, hardness, and corrosion resistance. Citric and sulfuric acid solutions can be used to provide hard anodizing in a variety of aluminum alloys that have corrosion resistance and mechanical qualities on par with or better than traditional sulfuric acid anodizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Corrosion behavior of titanium alloys (Ti CP2, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, Ti-6Al-4V y Ti Beta-C) with anodized and exposed in NaCl and H2SO4 solutions
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Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Reyes Blas, Hortensia, Baltazar Zamora, Miguel Ángel, López León, Luis Daimir, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Reyes Blas, Hortensia, Baltazar Zamora, Miguel Ángel, López León, Luis Daimir, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
Nowadays, different industries, such as the aerospace and biomedical industries, prefer using Ti alloys due to their excellent anti-corrosion properties and ability to generate a TiO2 oxide layer; this induces the use of anodization to increase the useful life of components. The aim of this work is to characterize the electrochemical effect of anodizing treatment on titanium alloys (Ti CP2, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti Beta-C) in NaOH and KOH at 1M, applying a current density of 0.0025 A/cm2. The electrochemical techniques employed were lectrochemical noise (EN) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), supported by ASTM G199 and ASTM G106 in electrolytes of NaCl and H2SO4 at 3.5 wt. % as a simulation of marine and industrial atmospheres. Also, the anodized transversal section and surface morphology were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of both electrochemical techniques indicated that Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo anodized in NaOH presented the best properties against corrosion, and the thickness of the oxide was the biggest.
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- 2024
7. Use of Electrochemical Noise for the Study of Corrosion by Passivated CUSTOM 450 and AM 350 Stainless Steels
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Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Villegas Tovar, José M., Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Villegas Tovar, José M., Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., and Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli
- Abstract
Precipitation-hardening stainless steels, like AM 350 and Custom 450, are extensively utilized in various aerospace applications. The latter steel is utilized for applications needing great strength and corrosion resistance. In contrast, the former steel has a good corrosion resistance and moderate strength. The purpose of this study was to analyze transient frequencies in the electrochemical noise of Custom 450 and AM 350 stainless steels that had been passivated for 60 and 90 min at 25 and 49 °C using baths of citric and nitric acid and then immersed in solutions containing 1% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 5% sodium chloride (NaCl). The potentiodynamic polychromatic curves employed electrochemical techniques and noise (EN) based on the ASTM-G5 and G199 standards. Two methods of data analysis were applied concerning EN: the domain of frequencies (power spectral density, PSD) and the time–frequency domain (Hilbert-Huang Transform). The PHSS passivated in citric acid indicated current densities in the H2SO4 solution between 10−2 and 10−3 mA/cm2, while those in the NaCl solution were recorded around 10−4 and 10−5 mA/cm2. The citric acid functions as a passivating agent. The results of the electrochemical noise analysis show that the PHSS passivated in nitric acid displayed a greater corrosion resistance. Moreover, there is a tendency for PHSS to be passivated in nitric acid to corrode locally.
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- 2024
8. Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Alloys Anodized in Alkaline Solutions
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Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, primary, Jáquez-Muñoz, Jesús M., additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Cabral-Miramontes, Jose, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Olgui-Coca, Javier, additional, Lopez-Leon, Luis Daimir, additional, Estupiñán-López, Francisco, additional, Lira-Martínez, Alejandro, additional, and Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional
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- 2023
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9. Coatings characterization of Ni-based alloy applied by HVOF
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Cabral Miramontes, José, Pedraza Basulto, Gabriela Karina, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia Del Carmen, Poblano Salas, Carlos Agustín, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
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- 2018
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10. Electrochemical Noise Analysis Using Experimental Chaos Theory, Power Spectral Density and Hilbert–Huang Transform in Anodized Aluminum Alloys in Tartaric–Phosphoric–Sulfuric Acid Solutions.
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Martínez-Ramos, Cynthia, Olguin-Coca, Javier, Lopez-Leon, Luis Daimir, Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, Lara-Banda, María, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, Castañeda-Robles, Ivan, Jaquez-Muñoz, Jesús M., Cabral-Miramontes, Jose, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo
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HILBERT-Huang transform ,CHAOS theory ,ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis ,ACID solutions ,ALUMINUM alloying ,ALUMINUM alloys - Abstract
Aluminum and its alloys find widespread applications across diverse industries such as the automotive, construction, and aeronautics industries. When these alloys come into contact with ambient air, an Al
2 O3 thin oxide layer is naturally formed, typically measuring 2 to 4 nm and exhibiting remarkable hardness and protective qualities, rendering the alloys corrosion-resistant in specific atmospheric and chemical environments. This study aimed to characterize the electrochemical behaviors of anodized AA2024 and AA7075 alloys within a complex three-component electrolyte composed of tartaric–phosphoric–sulfuric acid (TPSA) solutions. The anodized specimens were subsequently exposed to 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at room temperature, and their electrochemical performances were meticulously evaluated using an electrochemical noise (EN) analysis in accordance with ASTM G-199, respectively. In the EN, three methods of data analysis were used: the time domain analysis (chaos analysis: application of Lyapunov exponent and dimension correlation), the frequency domain analysis (power spectral density, PSD), and the time–frequency domains analysis (Hilbert–Huang transform, HHT). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphologies of the anodized surfaces. The results indicated that the AA2024-0, AA2024-1, and AA2024-2 alloys and the AA7075-2 and AA7075-3 samples exhibited mixed corrosion according to the Lyapunov constant, with a notable inclination towards localized corrosion when analyzed using the PSD and HHT methods. The surface was not homogenous, and the corrosion process was predominately localized in specific zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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11. Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Passivated Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels for Aerospace Applications
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Villegas-Tovar, José, primary, Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, Lara-Banda, María, additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Baltazar-Zamora, Miguel Angel, additional, Cabral-Miramontes, Jose, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Olguin-Coca, Javier, additional, Estupiñan-Lopez, Francisco, additional, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional
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- 2023
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12. Corrosion of Titanium Alloys Anodized Using Electrochemical Techniques
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Jáquez-Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, primary, Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, Méndez-Ramírez, Ce Tochtli, additional, Baltazar-Zamora, Miguel Ángel, additional, Estupinán-López, Francisco, additional, Bautista-Margulis, Raul German, additional, Cuevas-Rodríguez, Josefina, additional, Flores-De los Rios, Juan Pablo, additional, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional
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- 2023
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13. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Electrochemical Behavior of AA2055 and AA2024 Alloys for Aeronautical Applications
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Rivera-Cerezo, Heriberto, primary, Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, Cabral-Miramontes, Jose, additional, Bautista-Margulis, Raúl Germán, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Estupiñán-López, Francisco, additional, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional
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- 2023
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14. Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization on Titanium Alloys Anodizing in Alkaline Solutions
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Salgado, Joel, primary, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, Jáquez-Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, additional, Martínez-Ramos, C., additional, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, additional, Lara Banda, Maria del Refugio, additional, Estupiñán-Lopez, F., additional, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, additional, and Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, additional
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- 2023
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15. Oxidation Kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys by Conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing
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Estupiñan López, F. H., Orquiz Muela, Carlos, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Lopes, Amit Joe, Estupiñan López, F. H., Orquiz Muela, Carlos, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, and Lopes, Amit Joe
- Abstract
New manufacturing processes for metal parts such as additive manufacturing (AM) provide a technological development for the aeronautical and aerospace industries, since these AM processes are a means to reduce the weight of the parts, which generate cost savings. AM techniques such as Laser Powder Bed Fusions (LPBF) and Electron Beam Fusion (EBM), provided an improvement in mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability at temperatures below 400 °C, in comparison to conventional methods. This research aimed to study the oxidation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys by conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing. The thermogravimetric analysis was performed at temperatures of 600 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C, having a heating rate of 25 °C/min and oxidation time of 24 h. The microstructural analysis was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis. Thickness and morphology of oxide layers were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope, phase identification (before and after the oxidation process) was realized by X-ray diffraction at room temperature and hardness measurements were made in cross section. Results indicated that the oxidation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys fabricated by EBM was similar to conventional processing and obeyed a parabolic or quasi-parabolic kinetics. The samples oxidized at 600 °C for 24 h presented the lowest hardness values (from 350 to 470 HV). At oxidation temperatures of 800 and 900 °C, however, highest hardness values (from 870 close to the alpha-case interface up to 300 HV in base metal) were found on the surface and gradually decreased towards the center of the base alloy. This may be explained by different microstructures presented in the manufacturing processes
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- 2023
16. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of passivated precipitation hardening stainless steels for aerospace applications
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Villegas Tovar, José M., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Baltazar Zamora, Miguel Ángel, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Villegas Tovar, José M., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Baltazar Zamora, Miguel Ángel, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
Precipitation-hardening (PH) stainless steels (SS) are widely used in various aerospace applications. These steels exhibit good mechanical and corrosion resistance. The electrochemical behavior of 15-5PH, 17-4PH, Custom450 and AM 350 stainless steels passivated with citric and nitric acid baths for 60 and 90 min at 25 and 49 °C were evaluated in 5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 1 wt.% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solutions. The electrochemical behavior was studied with potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPC) according to the ASTM G5-13 standard. The results indicated that there are two characteristic mechanisms that are present in the potentiodynamic polarization curves. When the PHSS is immersed in an H2SO4 solution, there is a secondary passivation, and in the NaCl solution, there is a pseudo-passivation (not stable passivation film). The current densities in the NaCl solution were between 10−4 and 10−5 mA/cm2, while those of H2SO4 were recorded around 10−2 and 10−3 mA/cm2. Citric acid does work as a passivating solution, and in some cases, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel was comparable to that of nitric acid.
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- 2023
17. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization on titanium alloys anodizing in alkaline solutions
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Díaz Salgado, J. A., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Martínez Ramos, C., Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Estupiñan López, F. H., Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Díaz Salgado, J. A., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Martínez Ramos, C., Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Estupiñan López, F. H., Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, and Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel
- Abstract
Titanium alloys are used in different industries such as biomedical, aerospace, aeronautic, chemical, and naval. Those industries have high requirements with few damage tolerances. The aim of this work was to study the corrosion behavior of titanium alloys anodizing and non-anodizing in alkaline (KOH and NaOH) solutions, exposed in 3.5%wt. NaCl and 3.5% wt. H2SO4 solutions at room temperature using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) according to standards in order to obtain electrochemical parameters as the passivation range (PR), corrosion type, passive layer persistence, corrosion potential (Ecorr), and corrosion rate. The alloy Ti Beta-C anodized presented better corrosion resistance than Ti-6Al-4V in both media. The smallest corrosion rate is presented in Beta-C samples (4.72 E-8 A/cm2) and the highest corrosion rate is CP2 (1.61 E-5 A/cm2)
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- 2023
18. Delamination and tensile effect of fine z-binder reinforced on fiberglass/polyester composite for aerospace applications
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Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Gómez Avila, Marianggy, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Baltazar Zamora, Miguel Ángel, Landa Ruiz, Laura, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Gómez Avila, Marianggy, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Baltazar Zamora, Miguel Ángel, Landa Ruiz, Laura, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
Delamination propagation in laminated composite materials is a common issue that always concerns us when we consider composites for structural purpose. Many possible solutions have been studied; the most famous is the three-dimensional (3D) woven composites materials, which have promising interlaminar fracture resistance but at the cost of increasing density, which for aerospace industry is very important. In this chapter, mode 1 double cantilever beam (DCB) interlaminar fracture toughness tests according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5528 standard were performed on composite specimens made of E-Glass Saertex 830 g/m2 Biaxial (+/−45°) with Sypol 8086 CCP polyester resin with orthogonal z-axis oriented yarn woven of 0.22 mm diameter nylon monofilament. Four specimens were made with a longitudinal distance between the warp binders of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 cm, respectively. A tensile test according to the ASTM D3039 standard was performed to study how z-binder may affect tensile resistance. The results show a considerable increase in interlaminar fracture toughness, several stress concentrators have been created because of the new yarn and premature failure in the matrix.
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- 2023
19. Effect of heat treatment on the electrochemical behavior of AA2055 and AA2024 alloys for aeronautical applications
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Rivera Cerezo, Heriberto, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Rivera Cerezo, Heriberto, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
Since their development, third-generation aluminum–lithium alloys have been used in aeronautical and other applications due to their good properties, replacing conventional Al-Cu and Al-Zn alloys and resulting in an increase in payload and fuel efficiency. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of different heat treatments on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the alloys AA2055 and AA2024 in the presence of three different electrolytes at room temperature, using an electrochemical noise (EN) technique in accordance with the ASTM-G199 standard. In the time domain, the polynomial method was employed to obtain the noise resistance (Rn), the localization index (IL), skewness, and kurtosis, and in the frequency domain, employing power spectral density analysis (PSD). The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Vickers microhardness test (HV). The results demonstrated better mechanical properties of the AA2055 alloy, which had a Vickers hardness of 77, 174, and 199 in the heat treatments T0, T6, and T8, respectively. An electrochemical noise resistance (Rn) of 2.72 105 W cm2 was obtained in the AA2055 T8 alloy evaluated in a NaCl solution, while the lowest Rn resistance of 2.87 101 W cm2 occurred in the AA2024 T8 alloy, which was evaluated in a HCl solution. The highest electrochemical noise resistance (Rn) was obtained in the AA2055 alloys, which had received the T6 and T8 heat treatments in the three solutions.
- Published
- 2023
20. Electrochemical characterization of Al–Li alloys AA2099 and AA2055 for aeronautical applications: effect of thermomechanical treatments
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Rivera Cerezo, Heriberto, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Estupiñan López, F. H., Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Rivera Cerezo, Heriberto, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Estupiñan López, F. H., and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
Third-generation Al–Li alloys are high-performance materials that are very attractive for aircraft and aerospace applications due to their relatively low density, high specific strength, and stiffness. To study the effect of heat treatments on the electrochemical behavior of two high-performance aluminum-lithium alloys, in this work the electrochemical noise technique was used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of AA2099 and AA2055 alloys under three conditions of different heat treatments, an annealing treatment (T0), a second treatment in solid solution, followed by rapid cooling (quenching) and subsequent artificial aging (T6), and a third treatment in solid solution, tempering, cold deformation, and maturation artificial (T8). The time series obtained from the electrochemical noise tests were visually analyzed, as well as the statistical parameters such as localization index (LI), bias, and kurtosis. Analysis in the frequency domain was also performed by means of power spectral density (PSD) signals. In general, it was observed that the distribution of precipitates on the surface of the alloys considerably affects the corrosion performance, as well as the concentration of Cl-1 ions in the test electrolytes.
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- 2023
21. Corrosion resistance of titanium alloys anodized in alkaline solutions
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Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Estupiñan López, F. H., Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Estupiñan López, F. H., Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, and Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli
- Abstract
Titanium alloys present superior electrochemical properties due to the generation of the TiO2 passive layer. The ability to generate an oxide passive layer depends on the anodized alloy. This work mainly studies the corrosion resistance of the alloys Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo and Ti-6Al-4V anodized in NaOH and KOH at 1 M and 0.025 A/cm2 of current density. The electrochemical techniques were performed in a conventional three-electrode cell exposed to electrolytes of NaCl and H2SO4. Based on ASTM-G61 and G199, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical noise (EN) techniques were used. The results indicated that Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo anodized on NaOH presented a higher passivity range than anodized on KOH, relating to the high reactivity of Na+ ions. The former anodized alloy also demonstrated a higher passive layer rupture potential. In EN, the results showed that Ti-6Al-4V anodized in KOH presented a trend toward a localized process due to the heterogeneity of anodized porosity and the presence of V in the alloy.
- Published
- 2023
22. Localized corrosion of 15–5 PH and 17–4 PH stainless steel in NaCl solution
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Martínez Aparicio, Brisa Selene, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Martínez Aparicio, Brisa Selene, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
The importance in the selection of materials in the aeronautical industry for the manufacture of an aircraft is related to the fact that the materials are present during the life cycle of the aircraft. In particular, the precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel is used in components that require the combination of excellent mechanical properties, as well as corrosion resistance due to aircraft exposure in harsh environments. Inherently corrosion resistant steels achieve an important characteristic which is passivation by forming a protective layer of chromium oxide on the surface. This research aimed to conduct an analysis of the localized corrosion on stainless steel 15–5 PH and 17–4 PH, used on fasteners or engine components. The steels were evaluated in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, using the electrochemical technique of cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves (CPP) according to the ASTM 61–86 standard. The microstructural analysis was performed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that CPP curves showed a positive hysteresis, indicating pitting localized corrosion and the corrosion current density of the 15–5 PH and 17–4 PH stainless steels were 1.31 × 10‒8 and 2.70 × 10‒8 A/cm2.
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- 2023
23. Corrosion of Titanium Alloys Anodized Using Electrochemical Techniques
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Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Méndez Ramírez, Ce Tochtli, Baltazar Zamora, Miguel Ángel, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Cuevas Rodríguez, Josefina, Flores de los Ríos, Juan Pablo, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Méndez Ramírez, Ce Tochtli, Baltazar Zamora, Miguel Ángel, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Cuevas Rodríguez, Josefina, Flores de los Ríos, Juan Pablo, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
The anodization of titanium has been an excellent option for protecting titanium and its alloys from corrosive environments such as acids and chloride systems, by generating a homogenous oxide layer. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the electrochemical corrosion behavior of alloys Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo and Ti-6Al-4V anodized in 1MH2SO4 andH3PO4 solutions at a current density of 2.5 10–3 A/cm2. The anodization’s electrochemical characterization was achieved in NaCl and H2SO4 at 3.5% wt. electrolytes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to determine the anodized thickness and morphology. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), based on ASTM G61-86 and G106-15 Standards, were the electrochemical techniques mainly employed. The anodized samples presented a change in Ecorr values and a higher passivation zone. The EIS plot showed a higher resistance for samples anodized in H3PO4 and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo.
- Published
- 2023
24. Corrosion behavior of aluminum-carbon fiber/epoxy sandwich composite exposed on NaCl solution
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Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Castrejón, A, N., Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Estupiñan López, F. H., Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Castrejón, A, N., Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Estupiñan López, F. H., Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
For years, the aeronautical industry has employed different types of materials to satisfy its high-performance requirements. Fiber-metal laminates are used due to their combination of lighter weight and the high mechanical properties of reinforced metal and carbon. We therefore made two different composites of laminate-metal and laminate-metal-laminate of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer and aluminum with an ALCLAD layer. The samples were characterized by salt fog (0, 48, and 96 h) at 5 wt% NaCl and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with an electrolyte of 3.5 wt% NaCl. All samples were studied by electron scanning microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the samples of laminate-metal-laminate presented an adsorption process after 0 and 48 h of salt fog exposition; meanwhile, the samples of laminate-metal showed a capacitive behavior for all the samples; however, corrosion resistance decreased when the salt fog exposition time increased.
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- 2023
25. Electrochemical Noise Analysis Using Experimental Chaos Theory, Power Spectral Density and Hilbert–Huang Transform in Anodized Aluminum Alloys in Tartaric–Phosphoric–Sulfuric Acid Solutions
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Martínez Ramos, Cynthia, Olguin Coca, Javier, López León, Luis Daimir, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Castañeda Robles, Ivan, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Martínez Ramos, Cynthia, Olguin Coca, Javier, López León, Luis Daimir, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Castañeda Robles, Ivan, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
Aluminum and its alloys find widespread applications across diverse industries such as the automotive, construction, and aeronautics industries. When these alloys come into contact with ambient air, an Al2O3 thin oxide layer is naturally formed, typically measuring 2 to 4 nm and exhibiting remarkable hardness and protective qualities, rendering the alloys corrosion-resistant in specific atmospheric and chemical environments. This study aimed to characterize the electrochemical behaviors of anodized AA2024 and AA7075 alloys within a complex three-component electrolyte composed of tartaric–phosphoric–sulfuric acid (TPSA) solutions. The anodized specimens were subsequently exposed to 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at room temperature, and their electrochemical performances were meticulously evaluated using an electrochemical noise (EN) analysis in accordance with ASTM G-199, respectively. In the EN, three methods of data analysis were used: the time domain analysis (chaos analysis: application of Lyapunov exponent and dimension correlation), the frequency domain analysis (power spectral density, PSD), and the time–frequency domains analysis (Hilbert–Huang transform, HHT). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphologies of the anodized surfaces. The results indicated that the AA2024-0, AA2024-1, and AA2024-2 alloys and the AA7075-2 and AA7075-3 samples exhibited mixed corrosion according to the Lyapunov constant, with a notable inclination towards localized corrosion when analyzed using the PSD and HHT methods. The surface was not homogenous, and the corrosion process was predominately localized in specific zones.
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- 2023
26. Experimental Study of the Influence of Stitched Nylon Threads in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Two-Dimensional Multilayer Composite on Tensile Strength
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Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Zapala Garibay, Manuela Alejandra, Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, and Zapala Garibay, Manuela Alejandra
- Abstract
Stitched filaments are known to modify the mechanical properties of glass-fiber-reinforced polymers 2D (GFRPs 2D), so studying the effect on mechanical properties is underway to determine the critical variables involved. This research focuses on the study of the tensile strength effect of stitched low-density Barkley FBA BGQS15-15 nylon monofilament on biaxial E-Glass Saertex 830 g/m2 (+/−45°) cured with Polyester Sypol Resin 8086 CCP using a vacuum infusion process. Four specimens were made with longitudinal distances between the stitched reinforcements of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 cm, respectively. Tensile strength tests based on standard ASTM D3039 were performed to study how stitching can affect toughness, Young’s modulus, deformation, ultimate strength, and yield strength. The results indicated that the stitching increases Young’s modulus up to 99.2%, UTS is increased by up to +3.14%, deformation decreases by up to −41.66%, and toughness decreases by up to −36.89%. Although the stitching’s main function is to increase interlaminar resistance, it also induces the formation of stress concentrations by the new threads, and premature failure in the matrix was shown.
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- 2023
27. Oxidation Kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys by Conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing
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Estupiñan López, Francisco H., Orquiz Muela, Carlos, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Lopes, Amit Joe, Estupiñan López, Francisco H., Orquiz Muela, Carlos, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, and Lopes, Amit Joe
- Abstract
New manufacturing processes for metal parts such as additive manufacturing (AM) provide a technological development for the aeronautical and aerospace industries, since these AM processes are a means to reduce the weight of the parts, which generate cost savings. AM techniques such as Laser Powder Bed Fusions (LPBF) and Electron Beam Fusion (EBM), provided an improvement in mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability at temperatures below 400 °C, in comparison to conventional methods. This research aimed to study the oxidation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys by conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing. The thermogravimetric analysis was performed at temperatures of 600 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C, having a heating rate of 25 °C/min and oxidation time of 24 h. The microstructural analysis was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis. Thickness and morphology of oxide layers were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope, phase identification (before and after the oxidation process) was realized by X-ray diffraction at room temperature and hardness measurements were made in cross section. Results indicated that the oxidation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys fabricated by EBM was similar to conventional processing and obeyed a parabolic or quasi-parabolic kinetics. The samples oxidized at 600 °C for 24 h presented the lowest hardness values (from 350 to 470 HV). At oxidation temperatures of 800 and 900 °C, however, highest hardness values (from 870 close to the alpha-case interface up to 300 HV in base metal) were found on the surface and gradually decreased towards the center of the base alloy. This may be explained by different microstructures presented in the manufacturing processes
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- 2023
28. Oxidation Kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys by Conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing
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Estupinán-López, Francisco, primary, Orquiz-Muela, Carlos, additional, Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, Cabral-Miramontes, Jose, additional, Bautista-Margulis, Raul German, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional, and Lopes, Amit Joe, additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
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29. Eco-Friendly Concrete Made with System CPC-SCBASF As a Protector Against Sulfate Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel AISI 1018
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Baltazar-García, Brenda Paola, primary, Baltazar-Zamora, Daniel Francisco, additional, Landa-Ruiz, Laura, additional, Méndez, Ce Tochtli, additional, Solorzano, Rodolfo, additional, Estupiñan López, Francisco Humberto, additional, Croche, René, additional, Santiago-Hurtado, Griselda, additional, Moreno-Landeros, Victor, additional, Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional, and Baltazar-Zamora, Miguel Angel, additional
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- 2022
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30. Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloy AA2024 with Hard Anodizing in Sulfuric Acid-Free Solution
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Miramontes, José Cabral, primary, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, García Mata, Estefanía, additional, Esneider Alcála, Miguel Ángel, additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Lara-Banda, Maria, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Olguín-Coca, Javier, additional, Zambrano-Robledo, Patricia, additional, López-León, Luis Daimir, additional, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, additional
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- 2022
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31. Corrosion Behavior of Passivated Martensitic and Semi-Austenitic Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
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Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, primary, Samaniego-Gámez, Oliver, additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Olguín-Coca, Javier, additional, Jáquez-Muñoz, Jesús, additional, Cabral-Miramontes, José, additional, Flores-De los Rios, Juan, additional, Bautista-Margulis, Raul, additional, and Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional
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- 2022
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32. Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloy AA2024 with Hard Anodizing in Sulfuric Acid-Free Solution
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Cabral Miramontes, José Angel, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, García Mata, Estefanía, Esneider Alcála, Miguel Ángel, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, López León, Luis Daimir, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Cabral Miramontes, José Angel, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, García Mata, Estefanía, Esneider Alcála, Miguel Ángel, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, López León, Luis Daimir, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
In the aeronautical industry, Al-Cu alloys are used as a structural material in the manufacturing of commercial aircraft due to their high mechanical properties and low density. One of the main issues with these Al-Cu alloy systems is their low corrosion resistance in aggressive substances; as a result, Al-Cu alloys are electrochemically treated by anodizing processes to increase their corrosion resistance. Hard anodizing realized on AA2024 was performed in citric and sulfuric acid solutions for 60 min with constant stirring using current densities 3 and 4.5 A/dm2. After anodizing, a 60 min sealing procedure in water at 95 °C was performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness (HV) measurements were used to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hard anodizing material. Electrochemical corrosion was carried out using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves (CPP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of Al-Cu alloys in citric acid solutions with a current density 4.5 A/dm2 was the best, with corrosion current densities of 2 × 10−8 and 2 × 10−9 A/cm2. Citric acid-anodized samples had a higher corrosion resistance than un-anodized materials, making citric acid a viable alternative for fabricating hard-anodized Al-Cu alloys. Keywords: aluminum alloy; hard coatings; corrosion; environmentally friendly
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- 2022
33. Corrosion Behavior of Passivated Martensitic and Semi-Austenitic Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
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Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Flores de los Ríos, Juan Pablo, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Flores de los Ríos, Juan Pablo, Bautista Margulis, Raúl German, and Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli
- Abstract
This research aimed to conduct a passive layer state study on martensitic and semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steels (PHSS) passivated in citric acid and nitric acid baths at 49 and 70 °C for 50 and 75 min and subsequently exposed in 5 wt.% NaCl and 1 wt.% H2SO4 solutions. Corrosion behavior of the passivated material was observed by using potentiodynamic polarization (PP) according to the ASTM G5-11 standard. The microstructural analysis was performed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the passivated layer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the semi-austenitic-NA-50 min-70 °C sample showed the best corrosion resistance behavior in both solutions. The XPS characterization confirmed that the martensitic and semi-austenitic surface film presented a mixture of chemical compounds, such as Cr2O3 and Fe(OH)O, respectively.
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- 2022
34. Corrosion Behavior of Passivated CUSTOM450 and AM350 Stainless Steels for Aeronautical Applications
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Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Chacón Nava, José G., Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Flores de los Ríos, Juan Pablo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Delgado, Anabel D., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Chacón Nava, José G., Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Flores de los Ríos, Juan Pablo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Delgado, Anabel D., and Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli
- Abstract
Custom 450 stainless steel and AM 350 stainless steel are both precipitation hardening stainless steels, which are widely used in a variety of aerospace applications. The former steel exhibits very good corrosion resistance with moderate strength, whereas the latter is used for applications requiring high strength along with corrosion resistance. In this study, the corrosion behavior of CUSTOM 450 and AM 350 stainless steels passivated in (a) citric acid and (b) nitric acid solutions for 50 and 75 min at 49 and 70 °C, and subsequently exposed in 5 wt. % NaCl and 1 wt. % H2SO4 solutions are investigated. Two electrochemical techniques were used: electrochemical noise (EN) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) according to ASTM G199-09 and ASTM G106-13, respectively. The results indicated that passivation in nitric acid made the surface prone to localized corrosion. Statistical and PSD values showed a tendency toward pitting corrosion. On the whole, passivated CUSTOM 450 stainless steel showed the best corrosion behavior in both, NaCl and H2SO4 test solutions.
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- 2022
35. Resistencia a la corrosión a alta temperatura de recubrimientos NiCrAlY y NiCrFeNbMoTiAl depositados por APS
- Author
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Tristancho-Reyes, José Luis, Chacón-Nava, José Guadalupe, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo.
- Published
- 2015
36. Corrosion Behavior of Passivated CUSTOM450 and AM350 Stainless Steels for Aeronautical Applications
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Samaniego-Gámez, Oliver, primary, Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional, Chacón-Nava, José, additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Flores-De los Rios, Juan Pablo, additional, Jáquez-Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, additional, Delgado, Anabel D., additional, and Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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37. Electrochemical Noise Response of Cr2Nb Powders Applying Mechanical Alloying
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Nava-Dino, Claudia Georgina, primary, Flores-De los Ríos, Juan Pablo, additional, Maldonado-Orozco, Maria Cristina, additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Mario, additional, Bautista-Margulis, Raul German, additional, Delgado, Anabel De la Cruz, additional, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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38. Electrochemical Corrosion of Titanium and Titanium Alloys Anodized in H2SO4 and H3PO4 Solutions
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Jáquez-Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, primary, Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, Chacón-Nava, José, additional, Cabral-Miramontes, Jose, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Delgado, Anabel D., additional, Flores-De los Rios, Juan Pablo, additional, Bocchetta, Patrizia, additional, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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39. Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061
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Cabral-Miramontes, José, primary, Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional, López, Francisco Estupinán, additional, Lara Banda, María, additional, Olguín-Coca, Javier, additional, López-León, Luis Daimir, additional, Castañeda-Robles, Ivan, additional, Alcalá, Miguel Ángel Esneider, additional, Zambrano-Robledo, Patricia, additional, and Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
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40. A Comparative Study of Corrosion AA6061 and AlSi10Mg Alloys Produced by Extruded and Additive Manufacturing
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Estupiñan-López, Francisco, primary, Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, Jáquez-Muñoz, Jesús, additional, Zambrano-Robledo, Patricia, additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Cabral-Miramontes, José, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, D. Delgado, Anabel, additional, Flores-De los Rios, Juan Pablo, additional, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional
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- 2021
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41. Corrosion and Protection in Aeronautical Alloys.
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Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo and Chacon-Nava, Jose
- Subjects
ALLOYS ,SURFACE preparation ,STRESS corrosion cracking ,TITANIUM alloys ,ALUMINUM alloys - Abstract
Corrosion in the aircraft industry continues to be a major problem that directly affects safety, costs, and aircraft availability. The results indicated that all the samples anodized in a citric acid solution showed negative hysteresis and lower corrosion current density (1 × 10 SP -10 sp A/cm SP 2 sp ), indicating generalized corrosion on the material surface. The EN data showed two types of corrosion: general corrosion for NiCrMo-3 and mixed corrosion for the 310 welded joints in both environments. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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42. Effect of Cathodic Protection on Reinforced Concrete with Fly Ash Using Electrochemical Noise
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García-Contreras, Jorge, primary, Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, additional, López-Cazares, Irene, additional, Sanchéz-Díaz, Guillermo, additional, Ibarra Castillo, Juan Carlos, additional, Jáquez-Muñoz, Jesús, additional, Nieves-Mendoza, Demetrio, additional, Maldonado-Bandala, Erick, additional, Olguín-Coca, Javier, additional, López-León, Luis Daimir, additional, and Almeraya-Calderón, Facundo, additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
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43. Corrosion Behavior of AA2055 Aluminum-Lithium Alloys Anodized in the Presence of Sulfuric Acid Solution
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Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Cabral Miramontes, José Angel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, López León, Luis Daimir, Silva Vidaurri, Luis Gerardo, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Cabral Miramontes, José Angel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, López León, Luis Daimir, Silva Vidaurri, Luis Gerardo, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, and Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli
- Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the AA2055 Aluminum-lithium alloy anodized in a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) bath, varying the current density of 0.19 and 1 A·cm−2 and why the sealing solution was water (H2O) and sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7). Anodized samples were exposed to a 10 vol.% H2SO4 solution and the electrochemical technique used was electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterization of the anodizing layer, determinate morphology and thickness of coatings. The Na2Cr2O7 sealing solution tends to increase the charge transfer resistance and produces a more homogeneous and compact passive oxide layer, and imparts a corrosion inhibition protection to the AA2055. SEM observations indicated that the morphology and thickness of the anodic films formed on AA2055 aluminum-lithium alloy anodized have the best results for both current densities.
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- 2021
44. Estudio del comportamiento de la corrosión de los aceros inoxidables am 350 y custom 450 pasivados en medio ácidos
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Villegas Tovar, José M., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Estupiñan López, F. H., Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Villegas Tovar, José M., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Estupiñan López, F. H., Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento de los aceros inoxidables AM 350 y Custom 450 en medios corrosivos de NaCl al 5% y H2SO4 al 1%. Los cuales fueron pasivados en ácido cítrico y ácido nítrico, a temperaturas de 25 y 49oC, con tiempos de inmersión de 60 y 90 minutos. La técnica Electroquímica empleada fue Polarización potenciodinámica, utilizando un potenciostato/galvanostato/ZRA "Gill AC Instruments". Las demandas de corriente en solución de NaCl son de 10-4 mA/cm2, mientras que las de H2SO4 están alrededor de 10-2 y 10-3 mA/cm2. También se realizó la determinación de la microestructura de los materiales establecidos, su morfología y composición química, a través de la microscopía óptica y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se comprobó que el que ácido cítrico funciona como solución pasivante y en algunos casos la resistencia a la corrosión es equiparable con la del ácido nítrico.
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- 2021
45. Effect of Cathodic Protection on Reinforced Concrete with Fly Ash Using Electrochemical Noise
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García Contreras, Jorge, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, López Cazares, Irene, Sánchez Díaz, Guillermo, Ibarra Castillo, Juan Carlos, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Olguín Coca, Javier, López León, Luis Daimir, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, García Contreras, Jorge, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, López Cazares, Irene, Sánchez Díaz, Guillermo, Ibarra Castillo, Juan Carlos, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Olguín Coca, Javier, López León, Luis Daimir, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
Corrosion of steel reinforcement is the major factor that limits the durability and serviceability performance of reinforced concrete structures. Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) is a widely used method to protect steel reinforcements against corrosion. This research aimed to study the effect of cathodic protection on reinforced concrete with fly ash using electrochemical noise (EN). Two types of reinforced concrete mixtures were manufactured; 100% Ordinary Portland Cement (OCP) and replacing 15% of cement using fly ash (OCPFA). The specimens were under-designed protected conditions (−1000 ≤ E ≤ −850 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) and cathodic overprotection (E < −1000 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) by impressed current, and specimens concrete were immersed in a 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) Solution. The analysis of electrochemical noise-time series showed that the mixtures microstructure influenced the corrosion process. Transients of uniform corrosion were observed in the specimens elaborated with (OPC), unlike those elaborated with (OPCFA). This phenomenon marked the difference in the concrete matrix’s hydration products, preventing Cl− ions flow and showing passive current and potential transients in most specimens.
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- 2021
46. Susceptibility to Pitting Corrosion of Ti-CP2, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys for Aeronautical Applications
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Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, Estupiñan López, F. H., Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Lira Martínez, Manuel Alejandro, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Olguín Coca, Javier, Estupiñan López, F. H., and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
Titanium alloys are used in different industries like biomedical, aerospace, aeronautic, chemical, and naval. Those industries have high requirements with few damage tolerances. Therefore, they are necessary to use materials that present fatigue, mechanical, and corrosion resistance. Although Ti-alloys are material with high performance, they are exposed to corrosion in marine and industrial environments. This research shows the corrosion behavior of three titanium alloys, specifically Ti CP2, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, and Ti-6Al-4V. Alloys were exposed on two electrolytes to a 3.5 wt % H2SO4 and NaCl solutions at room temperature using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical noise (EN) according to ASTM G61 and ASTM G199 standards. CPP technique was employed to obtain electrochemical parameters as the passivation range (PR), corrosion type, passive layer persistence, corrosion potential (Ecorr), and corrosion rate. EN was analyzed by power spectral density (PSD) in voltage. Results obtained revealed pseudopassivation in CPP and PSD exposed on NaCl for Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, indicating instability and corrosion rate lower. However, Ti-6Al-4V presented the highest corrosion rate in both electrolytes. Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo revealed pseudopassivation in CPP and PSD in NaCl, indicating a passive layer unstable. However, the corrosion rate was lower in both solutions.
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- 2021
47. Citric Acid as an Alternative to Sulfuric Acid for the Hard-Anodizing of AA6061
- Author
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Cabral Miramontes, José Angel, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Estupiñan López, F. H., Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Olguín Coca, Javier, López León, Luis Daimir, Castañeda Robles, Ivan, Esneider Alcála, Miguel Ángel, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Angel, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Estupiñan López, F. H., Lara Banda, María del Refugio, Olguín Coca, Javier, López León, Luis Daimir, Castañeda Robles, Ivan, Esneider Alcála, Miguel Ángel, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, and Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli
- Abstract
Hard-anodized is a widely used method in the aeronautical sector to improve aluminum alloys abrasion and corrosion resistance. Aim of this work was to characterize the mechanical properties and resistance hard-anodized aluminum 6061 in citric acid solution as a replacement sulfuric acid solution were investigated. Aluminum alloy 6061 was used as the base material to produce the hard anodizing; this process was carried out in a citric and sulfuric acid solution, applying current densities 3 and 4.5 A/cm2 and subsequently exposed to 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the anodizing material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness (HV). Corrosion behavior of the hard-anodized material it was carried out with electrochemical techniques as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) respectively. Results obtained indicated that all samples anodized in citric acid solution showed negative hysteresis and lower corrosion current density (1 × 10−10 A/cm2), indicating generalized corrosion on the material surface. EIS results show that anodizing in citric acid solution and a current density of 4.5 A/dm2 provides better corrosion protection than a sulfuric acid solution.
- Published
- 2021
48. Influencia del tratamiento térmico en el comportamiento corrosivo de las aleaciones aluminio-litio AA2099 Y AA2055
- Author
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Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Baena Úsuga, J. D., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Baena Úsuga, J. D., and Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli
- Abstract
Recientemente, las aleaciones de Al-Li han llamado la atención por su uso en estructuras críticas de peso y rigidez utilizadas en aplicaciones aeronáuticas, aeroespaciales y militares ya que presentan mejores propiedades, como baja densidad y alta resistencia especifica en comparación con las aleaciones comerciales de Aluminio. Estos parámetros (densidad y resistencia especifica) no solo son factores de medición de rendimiento de los materiales aeroespaciales, también permiten controlar las dimensiones de la aeronave y los componentes aeroespaciales por medio de las propiedades de la tolerancia al daño y durabilidad. La adición de litio (no mayor al 1.8%) es clave para la reducción de la densidad (por cada 1 % de litio existe una reducción del 3% equivalente a 0.079g/cm3) y un incremento en el módulo elástico (aprox. por cada 1% de litio incrementa un 6%). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la susceptibilidad a la corrosión localizada de las aleaciones de Aluminio-Litio AA2099 y AA2055 con distintos tratamientos térmicos, T8, T6 y T0 en una solución acida (H2SO4 1%) y en una solución salina (NaCl 3.5%). Se caracterizó electroquímicamente con la técnica de Curva de Polarización Potenciodinámica.
- Published
- 2021
49. Frequency Analysis of Transients in Electrochemical Noise of Superalloys Waspaloy and Ultimet
- Author
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Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Olguín Coca, Javier, Estupiñan López, F. H., López León, Luis Daimir, Chacón Nava, José G., Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Maldonado Bandala, Erick, Olguín Coca, Javier, Estupiñan López, F. H., López León, Luis Daimir, Chacón Nava, José G., and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
Nickel or Cobalt-based superalloys represent an important class of engineering materials, finding widespread application in critical components within the gas turbine engines used for jet propulsion and electricity generation. This research aimed at the frequency analysis of transients in electrochemical noise of Waspaloy and Ultimet superalloys, immersed in 3.5 wt.% in H2SO4 and NaCl solutions at two different temperatures, 25 and 60 °C. Localized corrosion behavior of superalloys was assessed using the electrochemical noise technique (EN) according to ASTM-G199 standard. Three different statistical methods filtered the EN signal, and the polynomial method was employed to obtain the noise resistance (Rn), the localization index (LI), skew and kurtosis, and the power spectral density analysis (PSD). Results indicate that the current and potential noise transients have a better behavior with better clarity when a polynomial is used to show a localized corrosion kurtosis for both superalloys.
- Published
- 2021
50. A Comparative Study of Corrosion AA6061 and AlSi10Mg Alloys Produced by Extruded and Additive Manufacturing
- Author
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Estupiñan López, F. H., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Delgado, Anabel D., Flores de los Ríos, Juan Pablo, Almeraya Calderón, Facundo, Estupiñan López, F. H., Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli, Jáquez Muñoz, Jesús Manuel, Zambrano Robledo, Patricia del Carmen, Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel, Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio, Delgado, Anabel D., Flores de los Ríos, Juan Pablo, and Almeraya Calderón, Facundo
- Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the AA6061 and AlSi10Mg alloys produced by extruded and additive manufacturing (selective laser melting, SLM). Alloys were immersed in two electrolytes in H2O and 3.5 wt. % NaCl solutions at room temperature and their corrosion behavior was studied by electrochemical noise technique (EN). Three different methods filtered EN signals, and the statistical analysis was employed to obtain Rn, the localization index (LI), Kurtosis, skew, and the potential spectral density analysis (PSD). The Energy Dispersion Plots (EDP) of wavelets method was employed to determine the type of corrosion and the Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT), analyzing the Hilbert Spectra. The result indicated that the amplitude of the transients in the time series in potential and current is greater in the AlSi10Mg alloy manufactured by additive manufacturing. The amplitude of the transients decreases in both alloys (AA6061 and AlSi10Mg) as time increases.
- Published
- 2021
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