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Interactions between food and medicines are not as easily detected as drug interactions, however, they are of great importance as food is the substance most associated with taking medicines.The work focuses on food-drug interactions, which consist of modifying the pharmacological response due to the joint ingestion of food and medicines, or a state of undernutrition or malnutrition on the part of the patient./nThree groups of drugs that are susceptible to food-drug interactions are statins, levothyroxine, and acenocoumarol. /nThis study will try to check the degree of knowledge of these interactions by the patients of the pharmacy office, as well as to advise them on the proper taking of their medication together with food. Las interacciones entre los alimentos y los medicamentos no se detectan con tanta facilidad como las interacciones entre los medicamentos, sin embargo, presentan una gran importancia ya que los alimentos son la sustancia que más se asocia a la toma de medicamentos./nEl trabajo se centra en las interacciones alimento-medicamento, que consisten en la modificación de la respuesta farmacológica debido a la ingestión conjunta de alimentos y medicamentos o a un estado de desnutrición o malnutrición por parte del paciente. /nTres grupos de fármacos que son susceptibles de presentar interacciones alimento-medicamentos son las estatinas, la levotiroxina y el acenocumarol. /nEn este estudio se tratará de comprobar el grado de conocimiento de estas interacciones por parte de los pacientes de la oficina de farmacia, así como aconsejar a estos sobre la toma adecuada de su medicación junto con los alimentos.

Demand-side management (DSM) provides additional system flexibility for the electric energy environment. To enable the spread of DSM policies the use of automatic systems combined with a local battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed. Following this statement, it has been developed and tested a 50 kVA low-cost multi-technology energy storage system, with a novel converter topology that permits the integration of multiple battery types or aging. It consists of a 50 kVA bidirectional three-level AC/DC converter for grid connection which feeds five 10 kW isolated bi-directional DC/DC battery converters, based on SiC and Si MOSFETs. The development leads in a pick-and-place system, adding interoperability, ease of connection and modularity.

Markov influence diagrams (MIDs) are a new type of probabilistic graphical model that extends influence diagrams in the same way that Markov decision trees extend decision trees. They have been designed to build state-transition models, mainly in medicine, and perform cost-effectiveness analyses. Using a causal graph that may contain several variables per cycle, MIDs can model various patient characteristics without multiplying the number of states; in particular, they can represent the history of the patient without using tunnel states. OpenMarkov, an open-source tool, allows the decision analyst to build and evaluate MIDs-including cost-effectiveness analysis and several types of deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis-with a graphical user interface, without writing any code. This way, MIDs can be used to easily build and evaluate complex models whose implementation as spreadsheets or decision trees would be cumbersome or unfeasible in practice. Furthermore, many problems that previously required discrete event simulation can be solved with MIDs; i.e., within the paradigm of state-transition models, in which many health economists feel more comfortable.

La disminución de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO), es decir, del volumen de tejido óseo por unidad de volumen del esqueleto, es característica de la osteoporosis, mientras que se ha sugerido que la artrosis se acompaña de un aumento de la DMO a nivel local y sistémico. Para comprobar esta hipótesis analizamos mediante microTAC el hueso trabecular de la cabeza femoral de 10 pacientes con fractura de cadera y 9 con coxartrosis. El análisis no reveló diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en el volumen de tejido óseo trabecular, ni en los demás parámetros estructurales analizados. Tampoco se encontró una caída significativa del volumen de hueso trabecular con la edad. Esto indica que el hueso de esta región tiene una evolución peculiar. Los mecanismos responsables de ese comportamiento son desconocidos, pero su esclarecimiento podría, quizás, abrir la puerta a nuevos abordajes en el tratamiento de la pérdida de hueso asociada al envejecimiento. Whereas bone mineral density (BMD) is characteristically low in osteoporosis, it has been postulated that in osteoarthritis BMD is increased. We aimed to check this concept by analyzing bone volumen and structure in the femoral heads of patients with hip fractures (n=10) and with hip osteoarthritis (n=9). Unexpectedly, the analysis of microstructural parameters by microCT did not reveal significant differences between both groups. In addition, we did not find a significant decline in the trabecular bone volume across the age range studied. These results suggest that the evolution of the trabecular bone of the femoral head is different from the age-related decrease of bone mass in other regions of the skeleton. Elucidating the mechanism involved could suggest new approaches to treat the bone loss associated with aging.

This research has been carried out in order to analyse the different perceptions of the institutional roles and objectivity held by journalists from Spanish and Swiss quality newspapers. The journalistic cultures in these newspapers are examined using Hanitzsch’s model (2007) and our own model of analysis. The qualitative study is based on interviews with journalists from El Mundo (Madrid, Spain) and Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ) from Zurich (Switzerland). Results show that there the journalism cultures in Spain and Switzerland are basically different but share some similarities in the perception of the institutional roles and objectivity in news-making.

Objetivos: Los mecanismos epigenéticos, y en particular la metilación de las citosinas en las regiones promotoras, modulan la expresión de muchos genes. Sin embargo, su papel en la homeostasis esquelética apenas ha sido estudiado. En particular, se desconoce si los patrones de metilación de las células óseas en cultivo son un buen reflejo de lo que ocurre en el tejido óseo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar las posibles diferencias en la metilación de citosinas en muestras de hueso humano y en osteoblastos. Material y métodos: Para ello efectuamos un estudio de todo el genoma analizando el grado de metilación de 23.667 loci y comparamos los resultados en muestras de tejido óseo y en cultivos de osteoblastos primarios. Resultados: Globalmente observamos una buena correlación entre ambos tipos de muestras, tanto en el conjunto de loci (r2=0,87; p