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Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are related cardiovascular diseases in which common mechanisms lead to tissue calcification. Oxidative stress plays a key role in these diseases and there is also evidence that the redox state of serum albumin exerts a significant influence on these conditions. To further explore this issue, we used multimarker scores (OxyScore and AntioxyScore) to assess the global oxidative status in patients with CAVD, with and without CAD, also evaluating their plasma thiol levels. In addition, valvular interstitial cells were treated with reduced, oxidized, and native albumin to study how this protein and its modifications affect cell calcification. The differences we found suggest that oxidative status is distinct in CAVD and CAD, with differences in redox markers and thiol levels. Importantly, the in vitro interstitial cell model revealed that modified albumin affects cell calcification, accelerating this process. Hence, we show here the importance of the redox system in the development of CAVD, emphasizing the relevance of multimarker scores, while also offering evidence of how the redox state of albumin influences vascular calcification. These data highlight the relevance of understanding the overall redox processes involved in these diseases, opening the door to new studies on antioxidants as potential therapies for these patients., Depto. de Farmacología y Toxicología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

The International Congress on Proximity Planning (June 26 - 28, 2024) has presented original research papers that explore the thematic and empirical challenges and opportunities that arise in the application of proximity-based planning in cities. Proximity is a planning principle with a tradition of more than a century, recently revived by circumstances such as COVID-19 and the impact of ITs, or by urban strategies such as the 15-minute city in Paris, the superblocks in Barcelona, or the blocks of care in Bogota. The current opportunity is to promote proximity as one of the foundations of urban regeneration processes to meet global challenges. However, the conceptual framework in which to integrate it, its policies, tools and metrics among other questions, need further discussion. Thus, the abstracts presented addressed, but not limited to, the following areas: | Frameworks | 15-minute city & Proximity-Centered Accessibility. Healthy City. Walkable City. Equity & gender. Mobility justice. | Challenges 1 | Urban regeneration. Affordable housing and re-densification. Peripheral centralities. Local economy. Proximity agriculture. | Challenges 2 | Territorial and medium distance mobilities (public transport, bikes & micromobility). Commuting to work. | Challenges 3 | Proximity planning across city scales. Urban-rural relationships, service proximity in rural environments. | Tools 1 | Policy & planning tools for proximity. Public participation. Digitalization. | Tools 2 | Accessibility metrics. Proximity planning encompasses a diverse range of disciplines seeking to promote equitable accessibility in support of complete neighborhoods. A complete neighborhood offers destinations and activities that support the daily life of residents and visitors. But it is not only about destinations. From housing, urban design, and infrastructure, to planning tools, resource allocation, and social interaction, understanding that the dynamics of proximity planning hold immense potential

Several international proposals promote sustainable food systems, such as the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, the C40 initiative, the ICLEI (Local Governments for Sustainability) Food System, the Glasgow Declaration or Europe’s own “Farm to Fork” strategy. But they are not yet clearly applied in urban planning, even though they can play a key role in the transition to agroecological and sustainable systems. In order to make this qualitative leap, we raise the need to systematize knowledge about several experiences that take advantage of innovative management mechanisms. For this reason, we present two significant examples with different degrees of development: the Urban Master Plan of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and the Biodistricts Plan in Andalusia. These plans have taken into account the ecological dimension: sustainable water and soil management and interaction with climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies; the economic dimension considering the potential for employment generation and local reactivation; and the social dimension related, among other aspects, to social cohesion and the strengthening of urban-rural links. Critical lessons can be drawn from these plans that would make it possible to operationalize the recommendations for spatial reorganization adapted to the specificities of agroecological systems.

Producción Científica, El proyecto Estableciendo “puentes” entre la UPM y el tejido social y político madrileño: Análisis y propuestas para reordenar el entorno del Puente de Vallecas y estudio de su posible transformación desde una perspectiva sostenible, se ha desarrollado vinculado a la asignatura Ciudad y Urbanismo, del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura, en el primer cuatrimestre del curso 2022-23.

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se centra en conocer los aspectos básicos del sistema educativo ghanés, las dificultades que existen para acceder a éste, así como las metodologías y recursos utilizados en la enseñanza de la lengua inglesa. Analizar este contexto de aula de primera mano ha sido posible gracias a la ONG ADEPU, la cual me ha permitido realizar mi Prácticum II en un pequeño pueblo situado en el sur de Ghana. A través de una investigación de campo y un proceso etnográfico, se ha logrado ahondar en aspectos más culturales y sociales que reflejan el porqué de su forma de ser y de vivir. Otra de las cuestiones fundamentales ha sido el acercamiento de la literatura infantil a los más pequeños. Entre algunos de sus múltiples beneficios se encuentra el de la representatividad, permitiéndoles verse reflejados e identificados por sus personajes y creando de este modo un espacio más lúdico e interactivo que favorezca el proceso de aprendizaje., Grado en Educación Primaria

Producción Científica, La colaboración de la universidad con entidades sociales desde el ámbito de la arquitectura y el urbanismo se viene desplegando de distintas formas en el contexto español. Algunos formatos habituales para el diseño de propuestas en procesos participativos, o que al menos parten de las necesidades y premisas definidas por asociaciones vecinales y loca-les, son los concursos de ideas, los cursos de verano, o las colaboraciones en el marco de asignaturas concretas de grado y postgrado, que pueden articularse en proyectos de aprendizaje servicio como el que se presenta en este texto.

This study analyses the food resilience of the Madrid territorial system, considering its biophysical, social and built dimensions. It focuses on historical analysis, defining the regime shifts of the system, characterised by the relationship between resources, society and land use. The factors that generate changes in these relationships, such as their reorganisation after each crisis are identified. For each of the periods, the area of origin of the products consumed (foodshed), the institutions that regulate supply and, in general terms, how the food chain is organised, are specified. The analysis has made it possible to identify the existence of four historical states: starting from a first state of self-sufficiency characterised by a gradual colonisation of the territory; a second in which local capacity is exceeded due to the functional and symbolic change of the city of Madrid; a third of transition to the industrial economy; and a current state, defined by globalisation, in which urban-rural linkages have been broken., En este estudio se analiza la resiliencia alimentaria del sistema territorial madrileño, considerando sus dimensiones biofísica, social y construida. Se pone el foco en el análisis histórico, definiendo los sucesivos estados del sistema, caracterizados por la relación entre recursos, sociedad y usos del suelo. Se identifican los factores que generan cambios en estas relaciones, y su reorganización tras cada crisis. Para cada uno de los periodos se especifica el espacio de origen de los alimentos (cuenca alimentaria), las instituciones que regulan el abastecimiento, y de una forma general la organización de la cadena alimentaria. El análisis ha permitido identificar la existencia de cuatro estados históricos: partiendo de un primer estado de autosuficiencia caracterizado por una colonización paulatina del territorio; un segundo en el que se supera la capacidad local debido al cambio funcional y simbólico de la ciudad de Madrid; un tercero de paso a la economía industrial; y el estado actual globalizado, en el que se han roto las relaciones urbano-rurales.

ResumenEn este estudio se analiza la resiliencia alimentaria del sistema territorial madrileño, considerando sus dimensiones biofísica, social y construida. Se pone el foco en el análisis histórico, definiendo los sucesivos estados del sistema, caracterizados por la relación entre recursos, sociedad y usos del suelo. Se identifican los factores que generan cambios en estas relaciones, y su reorganización tras cada crisis. Para cada uno de los periodos se especifica el espacio de origen de los alimentos (cuenca alimentaria), las instituciones que regulan el abastecimiento, y de una forma general la organización de la cadena alimentaria. El análisis ha permitido identificar la existencia de cuatro estados históricos: partiendo de un primer estado de autosuficiencia caracterizado por una colonización paulatina del territorio; un segundo en el que se supera la capacidad local debido al cambio funcional y simbólico de la ciudad de Madrid; un tercero de paso a la economía industrial; y el estado actual globalizado, en el que se han roto las relaciones urbano-rurales.AbstractThis study analyses the food resilience of the Madrid territorial system, considering its biophysical, social and built dimensions. It focuses on historical analysis, defining the regime shifts of the system, characterised by the relationship between resources, society and land use. The factors that generate changes in these relationships, such as their reorganisation after each crisis are identified. For each of the periods, the area of origin of the products consumed (foodshed), the institutions that regulate supply and, in general terms, how the food chain is organised, are specified. The analysis has made it possible to identify the existence of four historical states: starting from a first state of self-sufficiency characterised by a gradual colonisation of the territory; a second in which local capacity is exceeded due to the functional and symbolic change of the city of Madrid; a third of transi

La estenosis aórtica (EA) se caracteriza por un impedimento en la apertura de la válvula aórtica (VA), que provoca la disminución del flujo sanguíneo desde el ventrículo izquierdo hacia la circulación sistémica. La estenosis aórtica degenerativa (EAD) es la forma más común de EA en el individuo adulto y la que más intervenciones quirúrgicas necesita en los países desarrollados. La EAD es una enfermedad activa con una base inflamatoria similar a la aterosclerosis y relacionada con factores de riesgo tales como la hipertensión, edad, hipercolesterolemia, tabaquismo, sexo o diabetes. Es importante tener en cuenta que la DM acelera el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis, induciendo una respuesta inflamatoria aguda y un aumento de la acumulación de lípidos. Estos mecanismos también afectan al desarrollo de la EAD, de hecho, existe evidencia de que la prevalencia de DM aumenta sustancialmente en pacientes con EAD y aquellos con DM tienen mayores tasas de progresión de EAD leve a grave. Por lo tanto, definir la relación que existe entre la DM y la EAD es fundamental para poder adoptar mejores estrategias de prevención y tratamientos según las necesidades del paciente. A pesar de los estudios realizados hasta la fecha, actualmente el único tratamiento de la EAD es el reemplazo valvular por lo que resulta necesaria la búsqueda de potenciales biomarcadores pronóstico y dianas tempranas de la patología. Previamente, nuestro grupo de investigación ha llevado a cabo diversos estudios que han abordado el estudio de la EAD a través de diferentes muestras (plasma, tejido y secretoma) mediante diferentes herramientas proteómicas. Estos estudios nos han permitido generar una gran cantidad de información relacionada con los mecanismos moleculares que están implicados en la patología..., Aortic stenosis (AS) is characterized by an abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve (AV) opening, decreasing the blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. Degenerative aortic stenosis (DAS) is the most common form of AS in elder population and remains the main cause of aortic valve replacement in developed countries. DAS is an active disease that involves inflammatory stages with many similarities to atherosclerosis and related to risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, smoking, age or sex. It is important to note that diabetes mellitus (DM) accelerates the development of atherosclerosis inducing both, a marked inflammatory response and an increase in lipid accumulation, which also affects DAS. There is evidence that the prevalence of DM is substantially increased in patients with DAS and those with DM have increased rates of progression from mild to severe DAS. Thus, a thorough understanding of the relationship between them, aids in designing appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches.Despite efforts to date, the only effective treatment of DAS is valve replacement, hence, finding new therapeutic options for the treatment of this disease is one of its great challenges. Previously, our research group has carried out several studies using different types of samples to study DAS (plasma, tissue and secretome), employing different proteomics tools. These studies generated a large amount of information regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this pathology...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) are common morbidities in the elderly, which are both chronic, progressive and often concomitant diseases. Several studies revealed that DM increases the risk of developing severe CAS, yet clear information about the relationship between both these diseases and the influence of DM on the progression of CAS is currently lacking. To evaluate the effect of DM on aortic valves and on the process of calcification, and to achieve better patient management in daily clinical practice, we analysed calcified and noncalcified valve tissue from patients with severe CAS, with or without DM. A proteomic strategy using isobaric tags was adopted and the plasma concentrations of nine proteins were studied using 3 orthogonal methods and in a separate cell model. The differentially expressed proteins identified are implicated in biological processes like endopeptidase activity, lipid metabolism, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. The results obtained provide evidence that DM provokes changes in the proteome of aortic valves, affecting valve calcification. This finding may help enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of CAS and how DM affects the evolution of this condition, an important step in identifying targets to personalize the treatment of these patients.

Since its inception, the concept of the bioregion has sought to overcome the dichotomy between society and nature. It is now proposed as a territorial support and planning space for eco-social transitions through the relocation of social metabolisms, increased autonomy in the satisfaction of human needs and the preservation and restoration of ecosystems. Biodiversity is fundamental to the bioregional perspective, which understands the territory as a space of interaction between natural, anthropised and urban systems; and which advocates the transformation of economies, lifestyles and cultures to move towards cultural practices in balance with the ecosystems that sustain them., Desde su origen, el concepto de biorregión pretende superar la dicotomía sociedad-naturaleza. En la actualidad se propone como soporte territorial y espacio de planificación para las transiciones ecosociales, mediante la relocalización de los metabolismos sociales, el aumento de la autonomía en la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas, y la preservación y restauración de ecosistemas. La biodiversidad es fundamental en la perspectiva biorregional, que entiende el territorio como espacio de interrelación de sistemas naturales, antropizados y urbanos; y que propugna la transformación de la economía, los modos de habitar y la cultura para avanzar a prácticas culturales en equilibrio con los ecosistemas que les dan cobijo.