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AbstractManganese is an essential metal ion involved in various biological and environmental processes, but its excess can lead to toxicity, particularly affecting the nervous system. Therefore, developing selective and sensitive detection methods for Mn2+ ions is of paramount importance. Colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors have emerged as promising tools for the detection of Mn2+ due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and real-time monitoring capabilities. This review discusses recent advances in the colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors that exhibit distinct color or fluorescence changes upon interaction with Mn2+ ions. The review explores different organic and nanomaterials, focusing on their mechanisms of sensing, sensitivity, selectivity, and practical applications in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and food safety. The article also provides insights into future research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges, improving chemosensor performance, and expanding the applicability of colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors for Mn2+ detection in diverse real-world scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of sewage sludge activated carbon (thickened samples ACS1 and non-thickened samples ACS2) in a variety of applications and simple environmentally friendly production techniques are attracting more and more attention. We offer here a novel environmentally friendly method based on the green synthesis of activated carbons (ACS1/ACS2) using sewage sludge (SS). These activated carbons are then used to effectively remove the water-based reactive dye phenol red (PR). The ACS1 and ACS2 produced are porous materials with an average diameter of 20.72–13.30 and 6.20–7.34 nm, respectively. These ACS1/ACS2 were analyzed using a range of characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Elimination of toxic PR dye was investigated using several operational factors, including ACS1/ACS2 dose, initial PR dye concentration, pH and temperature. Under the best experimental conditions, the ACS1 and ACS2 adsorbents absorbed nearly 89.58% and 97.69% of the PR dye, respectively. It was found that both ACS1 and ACS2 adsorption corresponded to pseudo-first-order kinetics (R = 0.996 and 0.980) and fulfilled Langmuir's (ACS1) and Freundlich's (ACS2) models well, with maximum adsorption capacities of 65.35 and 122.72 mg/g, respectively. It was found that the adsorption processes are basically exothermic. The results suggest that sewage sludge can be effective as a low-cost and environmentally beneficial synthesis of ACS1 and ACS2 in the purification of water sources contaminated with hazardous dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited supply of drinking water has aroused people's curiosity in recent decades. Adsorption is a popular method for removing hazardous substances from wastewater, especially heavy metals, as it is cheap, highly efficient, and easy to use. In this work, a new sludge-based activated carbon adsorbent (thickened samples SBAC1 and un-thickened samples SBAC2) was developed to remove hazardous metals such as cadmium (Cd+2) and lead (Pb+2) from an aqueous solution. The chemical structure and surface morphology of the produced SBAC1 and SBAC2 were investigated using a range of analytical tools such as CHNS, BET, FT-IR, XRD, XRF, SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption/desorption isothermal, and zeta potential. BET surface areas were examined and SBAC2 was found to have a larger BET surface area (498.386 m2/g) than SBAC1 (336.339 m2/g). While the average pore size was 10–100 nm for SBAC1 and 45–50 nm for SBAC2. SBAC1 and SBAC2 eliminated approximately 99.99% of Cd+2 and Pb+2 out the water under all conditions tested. The results of the adsorption of Cd+2 and Pb+2 were in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order equation (R2 = 1.00). Under the experimental conditions, the Cd+2 and Pb+2 adsorption equilibrium data were effectively linked to the Langmuir and Freundlich equations for SBAC1 and SBAC2, respectively. The regeneration showed a high recyclability for the fabricated SBAC1 and SBAC2 during five consecutive reuse cycles. As a result, the produced SBAC1 and SBAC2 are attractive adsorbents for the elimination of heavy metals from various environmental and industrial wastewater samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new metal complexes of ceftriaxone (cef), incorporating platinum(IV), gold(III), and ruthenium(III), were prepared. The complexes were prepared using a 1:2 molar ratio between ceftriaxone sodium salt (Na2cef) to AuCl3, PtCl4, and RuCl3 salts in methanol solvent. The as-synthesized complexes were characterized using microanalytical techniques for C, H, N, and S elements, magnetic and molar conductance measurements, as well as spectroscopic methods including FTIR, ¹ H NMR, and UV-Vis. The shape, morphology and size calculations have been examined using SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction data. The cef complexes were six-coordinate systems possessing a distorted octahedral geometry. Through the oxygen of both triazine and carboxylate moieties with the chemical formulae [Au(cef)2(Cl)(H2O)] (I), [Pt(cef)2(Cl)2] (II), and [Ru(cef)2(Cl)(H2O)] (III) the antibiotic cef acts as a bidentate ligand towards three metal ions. The newly created complexes demonstrated antibacterial activity showing efficacy in comparison to the cef sodium ligands. In vitro, antibacterial assays against specific microorganisms were evaluated to assess the antibacterial activities of the complexes. Cytotoxicity assays for cef complexes were conducted for HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines, representing human hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer, respectively. A value of 22.4 g and 26.2 g for 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), respectively, for HepG-2 and MCF-7 were obtained for [Ru(cef)2(Cl)(H2O)] (III). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, triphenylaniline-based porous organic polymers (TPA-POPs) were successfully prepared by the Friedel–Crafts reaction and applied to adsorb malachite green (MG) dye from water. The TPA-POP was characterized using TEM, SEM, FTIR, 13C (CP/MAS) NMR, BET surface area, and XRD analysis. The results exhibited that the TPA-POP has a high surface area (1625.14 m2/g) with pore volume (0.353 cm3/g) and pore radius (1.57 nm) that reflect the high quantity of MG adsorbed on the TPA-POP. The polymer was evaluated as an excellent adsorbent for MG adsorption from water using the batch method. MG dye removal was optimized as 99.60% (at pH: 6.0, adsorbent dosage (m): 0.01 g, temperature (T): 45 °C, and contact time (t): 300 min). The kinetic data follow the Elovich model, while the isotherm data fit the Langmuir model well with uptake capacity (755.72 mg/g) at T: 45 °C. According to thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption of MG on the TPA-POP occurred via different mechanisms (π–π interaction, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding). Reusability experiments exhibited that the TPA-POP still maintained high removal efficiency (82.12%) after five cycles. In conclusion, the TPA-POP is a promising adsorbent owing to its cost-effectiveness, high adsorption capacity, high surface area, excellent reusability, and efficient MG removal from aqueous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morpholine is an interesting moiety that used widely in several organic syntheses. The intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) complexity associated between morpholine (Morp) donor with (monoiodobromide “IBr”, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone “DDQ”, 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide “DCQ” and 2,6-dibromoquinone-4-chloroimide “DBQ”) π–acceptors have been spectrophotometrically investigated in CHCl3 and/or MeOH solvents. The structures of the intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) were elucidated by spectroscopic methods like, infrared spectroscopy. Also, different analyses techniques such as UV-Vis and elemental analyses were performed to characterize the four morpholine [(Morp)(IBr)], [(Morp)(DDQ)], [(Morp)(DCQ)] and [(Morp)(DBQ)] CT-complexes which reveals that the stoichiometry of the reactions is 1:1. The modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation was utilized to determine the physical spectroscopic parameters such as association constant (K) and the molar extinction coefficient (ε).

The aim of the current study was to develop a novel triphenylaniline-based porous organic polymer (TPABPOP-1) by the Friedel–Crafts reaction for the efficient elimination of Pb(II) from an aqueous environment. XPS, FTIR, SEM, TGA, and 13C CP/MAS NMR analyses were applied to characterize the synthesized TPABPOP-1 polymer. The BET surface area of the TPABPOP-1 polymer was found to be 1290 m2/g. FTIR and XPS techniques proved the uptake of Pb(II) was successfully adsorbed onto TPABPOP-1. Using batch methods, Pb(II) ion adsorption on the TPABPOP-1 was studied at different equilibrium times, pH values, initial Pb(II) concentration, adsorption mass, and temperature. The outcomes exhibited that the optimum parameters were t: 180 min, m: 0.02 g, pH: 5, T: 308 K, and [Pb(II)]: 200 mg/L. Nonlinear isotherms and kinetics models were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm model suggested that the uptake of Pb(II) was favorable on the homogeneous surface of TPABPOP-1. Adsorption kinetics showed that the PFO model was followed. Pb(II) removal mechanisms of TPABPOP-1 may include surface adsorption and electrostatic attraction. The uptake capacity for Pb(II) was identified to be 472.20 mg/g. Thermodynamic factors exhibited that the uptake of Pb(II) was endothermic and spontaneous in standard conditions. Finally, this study provides effective triphenylaniline-based porous organic polymers (TPABPOP-1) as a promising adsorbent with high uptake capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of pyrromethene (PM‐597) laser dye with binary mixture of [1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoro‐borate (BMIM BF4)] ionic liquid with water [BMIM BF4: H2O] as binary eco‐friendly solvent, were investigated experimentally and theoretically by means of photophysical properties, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), photostability, electronic ground state of molecular structures of PM‐597, BMIM BF4 and mixture of (PM‐597/BMIM BF4) using the density functional theory (DFT) technique, molecular orbitals, energy gap (Eg) among HOMO and LUMO, and the maps of molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) for PM‐597 and mixture of (PM‐597/BMIM BF4) in gas phase were calculated using B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory. The refractive index (nD) and density (ρ) values for binary mixes of ionic liquid with water [BMIM BF4: H2O] with different ratios, increases as molecular mass of ionic liquid (BMIM BF4) in water increases. The frequency doubling Nd‐YAG laser of 532 nm was used to investigate amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Aside from that, the efficiency of energy conversion was explored. Efficiency is relatively high, and 20.6% was achieved, with good photostability in case of 5 × 10−4 mol/L of PM‐597 in binary mixture of [90% BMIM BF4: 10% H2O] that was a decrease to ~48.3% of the initial amplified spontaneous emission, this output energy was observed after pumping by 72,000 shots at relatively high repetition rate (10 Hz) and pumping energy (40 mJ). In this research, we had used the mixture of [(BMIM BF4: H2O] with different ratios, as binary eco‐friendly solvent instead of harmful organic solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new nonionic surfactant (NIS), namely, 17-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecyl-5- ((4-(((17-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-penta oxa hepta decyl) oxy) sulfonyl) phenyl) diazenyl)-2-(2-oxo-2H- chromene-3-carboxamido) benzene sulfonate was synthesized based on condensation reaction between an azo dye and polyethylene glycol. The chemical structure was elucidated from IR and 1H NMR spectral data and surface activity was measured. The inhibitive effect of the resultant NIS toward corrosion of steel in 1.0 M HCl was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, impedance spectroscopy (EIS), non-electrochemical methods (weight loss), surface morphology (SEM and EDX) and DFT calculations. The anti-corrosion performance showed an optimal efficiency of 96.04% at the concentration of 7.50 × 10−4 M from polarization measurements. Both the anodic and cathodic inhibition were acquired from Tafel plots polarizations (TFP). The adsorption of NIS onto steel surface obeyed Langmuir isotherm. In addition, SEM images showed higher surface protection in presence of inhibitor in agreement with a molecular dynamic simulation which exhibited optimal surface alignment between inhibitor and steel. A good agreement between electrochemical methods and DFT calculations was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver-silica (Ag-SiO2) embedded in polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranes were prepared by adding different ratios of Ag-SiO2 in PES and designated as PES-Ag-SiO2-01 ~ PES-Ag-SiO2-05. The synthesized hybrid membranes were investigated to check the influence of Ag-SiO2 on the morphology, hydrophilicity, porosity, mechanical properties, water permeability, bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation, nitrophenol adsorption and antibacterial characteristics of the hybrid membranes. The inclusion of Ag-SiO2 enhanced the porosity of PES hybrid membranes (79% ~ 84.7%) and as result, the hybrid membranes exhibited lower mechanical properties comparative to PES membranes. However, the hydrophilicity of the PES hybrid membranes was enhanced by adding Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles causing a gradual decrease in contact angle (73.4° to 58.8°). The hybrid membranes displayed higher water permeability and nitrophenol adsorption as compared to pure PES and furthermore these properties were enhanced by increasing Ag-SiO2 content in the PES hybrid membrane. The hybrid membrane with higher contents of Ag-SiO2 showed a water flux of 127.7 L/hm2 which is much greater than pure PES membrane (73.30 L/hm2). In addition, the PES hybrid membrane exhibited a strong BSA rejection and PES-Ag-SiO2-04 showed a maximum BSA rejection (91%). The incorporation of Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles improved the antimicrobial activity of the membranes which strongly depend on the contents of nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn recent decades, heavy metal ions have emerged as a significant global environmental concern, posing threats to the delicate balance of ecosystems worldwide. Their introduction into ecosystems occurs through various activities and poses a serious risk to human health. Among heavy metal ions, Cd2+ is recognized as a highly toxic pollutant. Its widespread use contributes to its accumulation in the environment. Chronic exposure to Cd2+ ions present serious risks to both the environment and human health. Therefore, the detection of these metal ions are very important. Organic fluorometric and colorimetric detection have emerged as promising tools for this purpose, offering advantages such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and sometimes reversibility. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the fluorometric and colorimetric detection of Cd2+ using organic chemosensors from 2019 to 2024. We delve into key aspects of these studies, including the design strategies employed to design novel chemosensors and the underlying sensing mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the diverse applications of these organic chemosensors, ranging from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. By analyzing the latest research findings, this review aims to offer insights into the current state-of-the-art in the field of Cd2+ detection using organic chemosensors. Additionally, it highlights the potential opportunities and challenges that lie ahead, paving the way for future advancements in this important area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, environmental pollution is an important issue. Various pollutants present in water resources, such as bacteria, heavy-metal ions, and organic pollutants, cause serious problems to the environment, animals, plants, and human health. Among the water resources, pollutants, dyestuff, which is discharged from dyeing, textile, and other industrial processes, is an important class of pollutants. Removing these dye pollutants from water resources and wastewater is vital and important due to their toxicity. In this work, a CrFeO3-carbon nanotube (CNT) adsorbent was synthesized using environmentally friendly methods. The synthesized CrFeO3-CNT adsorbent was characterized stoichiometrically, spectroscopically, and morphologically. The synthesized CrFeO3-CNT adsorbent was tested for the removal of two dyes: Methyl violet 2B (MV) and Azocarmine G2 (AC) from an aqueous solution. Crushing CrFeO3 composite with multi-walled fullerene CNT to prepare CrFeO3-CNT adsorbent improved the adsorption performance of free multi-walled fullerene CNT towards MV dye by 30% and towards AC dye by 33.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]