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Bu makale Dünya Değerler Araştırması kapsamında Türkiye’de yapılmış tüm anketlerin verilerine dayanarak, bireylerin kendilerini sol-sağ yelpazesinde konumlandırışını incelemektedir. Bulgularımıza göre Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde silikleşmesi beklenebilecek sol-sağ ayrımına dair sorular 1990-2018 döneminde katılımcılardan yüksek oranda yanıt bulmaya devam etmekte, genel ortalamada ise sağa kayış gözlenmektedir. Ortalamadaki kayış, soldakilerin azalmasından ziyade ortadan kopup sağa kayan bir kütle yüzünden gerçekleşmiştir. Bu durum işçilerin sağda, işveren ve yöneticilerin ise solda kaldığı bir tablo ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bununla birlikte bireylerin sol-sağ yelpazesindeki konumları, sınıfsal konuma ilişkin değişkenlerden ziyade, bireyin tutum ve değerleri ile daha kuvvetli ilişki içindedir. Bunlar arasında, özel mülkiyet ve eşitlikçiliğe dair ekonomik tutumlara kıyasla, sekülerizm ve özgürlükçülük gibi kültürel değerlerin ne kadar benimsendiği çok daha ağır basmaktadır. Bu değerlerde ortaklaşan bireyler; gelir, çalışma durumu ve ekonomik politika tercihlerinde var olabilecek farklara rağmen oy tercihi gibi siyasi eğilimlerinde benzer noktalarda buluşacaktır., This article studies the left-right self-placement of individuals, utilizing data from all surveys conducted in Turkey as part of the World Values Survey. According to the findings, questions relating to left-right division, rather than fading away in the post-Cold War period, have continued to generate high response rates and there has been a rightward shift in the average self-placement during 1990- 2018. The shift seems to have occurred not due to a diminishing left but because of a segment that moved from the middle to the right of the spectrum. The resulting constellation is one where workers place themselves on the right while employers and managers are on the left. That said, left-right self-placements are in a weaker relationship with class position than with values and attitudes. Among the latter, economic attitudes on welfare-state and private property are dwarfed in their relevance by secular and emancipative values in the cultural domain. Consequently, it is predicted that individuals that conjoin in such values will display similar political orientations regarding voting decisions and the like, despite any differences in income, occupation, and economic policy preferences.

Why ancient woodlands and wood species restoration and rehabilitation is necessary? In Turkey there are over 500 taxa of trees and shrubs, however only a few of them play a vital role both naturally and culturally. The technical term here is ‘intergenerational equity’, or in plainer language, not messing things up for our children and grandchildren. In ancient woodland restoration and rehabilitation approach in Turkey, there is no lack of knowledge to implement suitable strategies, however what is more often lacking is an understanding of the overall landscape and the factors that determine whether different land-uses are mutually reinforcing or in conflict. These applications need to accommodate new perspectives and ideas to put ancient woods back into the natural and cultural landscapes. The experience gained indicates that such implementations require supportive local and national policy frameworks and a strong constituency of local-level support. As a country with already significant areas of a highly degraded nature, but also containing diverse natural and cultural landscapes, Turkey should apply suitable techniques to bring these ancient woods back into their original landscapes in order to sustain its cultural and natural heritage. Ascertaining, and then maintaining, the condition of ancient woodland in Turkey like in UK will be a major challenge for the future. Turkey contains ancient cultural landscapes with distinctive ancient wood and ancient woodlands. They are strongly influenced by human activity reaching back far into history. This is very obvious in Anatolia, a region where eastern and western civilizations meet. The region has also been recognized by eastern and western civilizations nearly as a ‘tree paradise’ with its diverse tree species adapted to different climatic and geomorphological conditions. In this context, it has been aimed to; (1) emphasize the interaction between cultural features and diverse forest landscapes with ancient woodlands, (2) introduce the understanding of ancient woodland concept in Turkey, (3) determine the typical prominent ancient woodland taxa, (4) represent some techniques in order to restore degraded ancient woodland ecosystems in Turkey and (5) seek opportunities for the planning of undisturbed ancient landscapes as a cultural heritage. Additionally, the importance of developing strategies in order to prevent the loss of ancient woodlands was tried to be illustrated by two case studies on Common yew (Taxus baccata L.) and Common boxwood (Buxus sempervirens L.), which have been continuosly present in Anatolia since thousands of years, became an important component of cultural landscapes, however strongly influenced by human activity resulting with the degardation and loss of their habitats.

Why do voters support executive aggrandizement? One possible answer is that they do so because they think this will ease their preferred leader’s hand in putting their partisan vision into action, provided that the leader will continue winning elections. We study this phenomenon through a survey experiment in Turkey, by manipulating voters’ perceptions about the potential results of the first presidential election after a constitutional referendum of executive aggrandizement. We find that voters from both sides display what we call “elastic support” for executive aggrandizement; that is, they change previously revealed constitutional preferences in response to varying winning chances. This elasticity increases not only when citizens feel greater social distance to perceived political “others” (i.e., affective polarization) but also when voters are concerned about economic management in a potential post-incumbent era. Our findings contribute to the literature on how polarization and economic anxiety contribute to executive aggrandizement and democratic backsliding. 1

Introduction: Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a disorder characterized by congenital microcephaly and intellectual disability without extra-central nervous system malformation. MCPH is a disease with heterogeneity in genotype and phenotype. For this reason, it is important to determine the genetic causes and genotype-phenotype relationship in MCPH, which causes lifelong impairment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, genetic, and brain imaging findings of cases diagnosed with MCPH. Methods: Electroencephalogram and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed for all cases. We evaluated genetic results of the 39 families including cases with suspected MCPH diagnosis. Results: Genetic diagnosis related to MCPH was provided in 11/39 (28.2%) of these families including 13/41 cases (31.7%). Variants of the WDR62 gene were the most common (61.5%) cause, and variants of the ASPM gene were the second most common cause (38.5%). We have found 6 novel variants and 4 previously reported variants in ASPM and WDR62 genes. Main brain imaging findings in our cases were lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, pachygyria, and cortical dysplasia. Genetic counseling in 2 families whose genetic diagnosis was determined prevented them from having another child with MCPH. Discussion/Conclusion: Detection and reporting of novel variants is an important step in eliminating this disorder by providing families with appropriate genetic counseling.

What happens to the anti-establishment sentiments of pro-incumbent voters for a populist force that is in government and thus controls the political system? This article examines this question utilizing the case of Turkey, a country in which a populist force has been in power for more than a decade. By analyzing populist attitudes among a nationally representative sample, we demonstrate that while the voters of the incumbent populist party (AKP) are less likely, compared to everyone else, to hold populist sentiments, the same voters are also substantially more likely to endorse conspiracy theories that center on malign foreign powers. This finding is relevant beyond Turkey, because it demonstrates that populist forces might be able to maintain popular support and thus stay in power for a long stretch of time by employing government propaganda to fuel an antagonism against conspiratorial foreign and global forces.

We administer a survey of economic policy preferences to a representative sample of the Turkish voting-age population. We show that policy preferences are distributed in non-linear ways that are at odds with what could be expected from a conventional left-right division. We find that while objective socioeconomic differences are bad at predicting economic policy preferences, the latter are distinctly associated with politically salient cleavages built on religiosity and ethnicity. We also examine how preferences of each party's voters compare with party programmes.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-cps-10.1177_00104140211066216 for How Voters Respond to Presidential Assaults on Checks and Balances: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Turkey by Aytu�� ��a��maz, Alper H. Yagci and Daniel Ziblatt in Comparative Political Studies

INTRODUCTION: Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a disorder characterized by congenital microcephaly and intellectual disability without extra-central nervous system malformation. MCPH is a disease with heterogeneity in genotype and phenotype. For this reason, it is important to determine the genetic causes and genotype-phenotype relationship in MCPH, which causes lifelong impairment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, genetic, and brain imaging findings of cases diagnosed with MCPH. METHODS: Electroencephalogram and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed for all cases. We evaluated genetic results of the 39 families including cases with suspected MCPH diagnosis. RESULTS: Genetic diagnosis related to MCPH was provided in 11/39 (28.2%) of these families including 13/41 cases (31.7%). Variants of the WDR62 gene were the most common (61.5%) cause, and variants of the ASPM gene were the second most common cause (38.5%). We have found 6 novel variants and 4 previously reported variants in ASPM and WDR62 genes. Main brain imaging findings in our cases were lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, pachygyria, and cortical dysplasia. Genetic counseling in 2 families whose genetic diagnosis was determined prevented them from having another child with MCPH. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Detection and reporting of novel variants is an important step in eliminating this disorder by providing families with appropriate genetic counseling.

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription. This article surveys the political economy of coups in Turkey, examining both their economic causes and the economic consequences they seem to generate. It reminds that whether coups had a negative causal effect on Turkish economic growth remains to be compellingly shown. It highlights that military intervention attempts tend to follow already troublesome economic times: Before the 1960 and 1980 coups, 1971 and 2007 memoranda, as well as the failed coup attempts in 1962 and 2016, economic growth slowed down compared to a previous five-year period. This is in line with global trends about coups becoming likely following slower economic growth. Furthermore, students of Turkish politics have noticed a more specific economic policy-making pattern centering on currency devaluation during episodes preceding coups. This article discusses whether such a pattern may be taken as a ‘local theory’ of Turkish coups while discussing its limitations.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ppq-10.1177_13540688211003304 for Populist attitudes and conspiratorial thinking by Evren Balta, Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser and Alper H Yagci in Party Politics

Lipomatous metaplasia is an infrequently discussed condition characterized by adipose tissue replacing scar tissue from ischemic events. Lipomatous metaplasia specifically of the myocardium is an adverse physiological result of myocardial infarction. In the past, several different imaging and diagnostic techniques were utilized to recognize lipomatous metaplasia of the myocardium. The aim of this study is to discuss an individual case with this condition to highlight several key aspects that are under-discussed in current literature, such as determining the most suitable modality for the recognition of lipomatous metaplasia.

Turkey’s biosafety regulations allow genetically modified food to be imported from abroad while prohibiting cultivation in Turkey – a puzzling regime that discriminates against domestic production....

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription. Within the literature on financial governance a key question is why the 2008 financial crisis did not elicit a stronger regulatory reaction than it did – the ‘post-crisis stasis’ puzzle. We explore a neglected dimension of this puzzle: public attitudes toward financial regulation. Using a variety of survey data of the US public we find that there was persistent support for stronger financial regulation following the crisis, even support for radical reform in some instances, and support continued even after regulatory reform had been enacted. Despite such general sentiment, however, at nearly every stage public attitudes were highly conditional on partisan affiliation – a hugely consequential detail that meant that demand for reform was not channelled into more stringent policy but rather into a highly partisan, status quo protecting political machinery. Our analysis challenges notions of US public attitudes as either conservative in orientation or placated through modest reform, but also highlights the importance of domestic political constraints in shaping financial reform options despite majoritarian support for more robust reform.

Three-dimensional volume rendering (3DVR) is useful in a wide variety of medical-imaging applications. The increasingly advanced capabilities of CT and MRI to acquire volumetric data sets with isotropic voxels have resulted in the increased use of the 3DVR techniques for clinical applications. The two most commonly used techniques are the maximum intensity projection (MIP) and, more recently, 3DVR. Several kinds of medical imaging data could be reconstructed for 3D display, including CT, MRI, and ultrasonography (US). In particular, the 3D CT imaging has been developed, improved, and widely used of late. Understanding the mechanisms of 3DVR is essential for the accurate evaluation of the resulting images. Although further research is required to detect the efficiency of 3DVR in radiological applications, with wider availability and improved diagnostic performance, 3DVR is likely to enjoy widespread acceptance in the radiology practice going forward.