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Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder in which ventilation becomes disrupted due to a complete or partial upper airway obstruction Altered craniofacial morphology is one of the most important anatomical factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Studies have assessed craniofacial features in the non-syndromic pediatric population. The aim of this study was to analyze the orthodontic and facial characteristic of craniofacial syndromic children referred for polysomnography (PSG) and to assess the correlation with the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, consecutive syndromic patients referred for PSG were invited to participate. A systematic clinical examination including extra- and intra-oral orthodontic examination was performed by calibrated orthodontists. Standardized frontal and profile photographs with reference points were taken and analyzed using ImageJ® software to study the craniofacial morphology. PSG data were analyzed for correlation with craniofacial features. STROBE guidelines were strictly adopted during the research presentation. Results: The sample included 52 syndromic patients (50% females, mean age 9.38 ± 3.36 years) diagnosed with 17 different syndromes, of which 24 patients had craniofacial photography analysis carried out. Most of the sample (40%) had severe OSA, while only 5.8% had no OSA. Down's syndrome (DS) was the most common syndrome (40%) followed by Goldenhar syndrome (5%), Pierre Robin Sequence (5%), and other syndromes. The severity of AHI was significantly correlated with decreased midfacial height. increased thyromental angle and cervicomental angle, decreased mandibular angle, and decreased upper facial height. All patients with DS were diagnosed with OSA (57% severe OSA), and their ODI was significantly correlated with increased intercanthal distance. Obesity was not correlated to the severity of AHI for syndromic patients. Conclusions: Decreased midfacial height and obtuse thyromental angle were correlated with increased AHI for syndromic patients. Increased intercanthal distance of DS patients could be a major predictor of OSA severity. Obesity does not seem to play a major role in the severity of OSA for syndromic patients. Further studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentist Reputation About 83% of the participants preferred a well-known dentist, while 16% of the participants did not matter to them the dentist's reputation (see Table 2). Dentist Characteristics The majority of the participants (78%) stated that they prefer dentists who are explanatory and 22% prefer dentists who are listeners (see Table 2). Male Dentists' Attire The majority of the participants (41%) preferred male dentists in scrubs and lab coats, followed by 32% of scrubs only, while 26% preferred formal and lab coats, and only 1% preferred traditional Saudi clothes (see Figure 1). Dentist Rank Approximately 38% of the participants preferred consultants, while 32% preferred specialists, 24% did not matter to them the dentist rank, and only 5% preferred general dentists (see Table 2). [Extracted from the article]

Assume that G is a finite group. The power graph P (G) of G is a graph in which G is its node set, where two different elements are connected by an edge whenever one of them is a power of the other. A topological index is a number generated from a molecular structure that indicates important structural properties of the proposed molecule. Indeed, it is a numerical quantity connected with the chemical composition that is used to correlate chemical structures with various physical characteristics, chemical reactivity, and biological activity. This information is important for identifying well-known chemical descriptors based on distance dependence. In this paper, we study Hosoya properties, such as the Hosoya polynomial and the reciprocal status Hosoya polynomial of power graphs of various finite cyclic and non-cyclic groups of order p q and p q r , where p , q and r (p ≥ q ≥ r) are prime numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtain a list of simple classes of singularities of function germs with respect to the quasi m-boundary equivalence relation, with m ≥ 2 . The results obtained in this paper are a natural extension of Zakalyukin's work on the new non-standard equivalent relation. In spite of the rather artificial nature of the definitions, the quasi relations have very natural applications in symplectic geometry. In particular, they are used to classify singularities of Lagrangian projections equipped with a submanifold. The main method that is used in the classification is the standard Moser's homotopy technique. In addition, we adopt the version of Arnold's spectral sequence method, which is described in Lemma 2. Our main results are Theorem 4 on the classification of simple quasi classes, and Theorem 5 on the classification of Lagrangian submanifolds with smooth varieties. The brief description of the main results is given in the next section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new era in 3-dimensional analysis has begun with the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in orthodontics, which promises to provide a more thorough understanding of the craniofacial skeletal architecture. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the transverse basal arches discrepancy and dental compensation by utilizing CBCT width analysis. An observational study was conducted to retrospectively review 88 CBCT scans of patients presented to dental clinics from 2014 to 2020 obtained from the Planmeca Romexis x-ray system at three centers. Dental compensation data across normal and narrow maxillae were analyzed and a Pearson correlation was used to find the relationship between molar inclination and width difference. Significant maxillary molar compensation differences were observed between the normal maxilla and narrow maxilla group, where the amount of dental compensation (164.73 ± 10.15) was higher in the narrow maxilla group. A significant negative correlation (r = −0.37) was observed between width difference and maxillary molar inclination. Maxillary molars were tipped buccally to compensate for the reduced maxillary arch width. These findings are important to determine the amount of needed maxillary expansion taking into account the buccal inclination while treating cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the specific characteristics of patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients diagnosed histopathologically with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at National Guard Governmental Hospital, King Abdulaziz medical city (KAMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between January 2001 and June 2012.Demographic and topographic data, clinical presentations, management regimens were reviewed. Salivary gland tumors, thyroid cancer, lymphoma, skin and unknown primary tumors were excluded. Result: There were 94 patients diagnosed with HNSCC. The patients’ mean age was 56.87years and 3:1 male to female ratio. Nasopharyngeal SCC 42.55% was the most common primary site, 40% of those were smokers. Tongue represent 45% of oral SCC followed by buccal mucosa which account for 1/4 of those tumors. Nearly more than half of oral SCC patients were smokers. Approximately 60% of the patients had swelling, while 40% had ulcerations, and nearly 36% showed a neck mass. The majority of the cases were diagnosed in stage IV 34% closely followed by stage III which account for almost 33% with a 42.55% of patients having a poorly differentiated tumors. Incisional biopsy was used as a method of diagnosis in nearly 70% of the cases. More than half of the patients had a curative radiotherapy while curative surgery was used in 37% of the cases. Conclusion: This study can help in establishing a cohort longitudinal study of HNSCC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]