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Lobna A Saleh,1– 3 Farooq M Almutairi,2,4 Wejdan K Alorabi,1 Bashayr A Alkuhayli,1 Shaden S Alzaidi,1 Shahad B Alzahrani,1 Futun A Aljumayi,1 Maram H Abduljabbar,1 Ayidh S Alharthi,1 Mashhour A Alsufyani,1 Mohammed H Alhazmi,1 Abdulbari A Althobaiti,1 Fahad N Almutairi,1 Fahad S Alshehri,5 Ebtehal Altowairqi,1 Yusuf S Althobaiti1,2,6 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; 2Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafar Al-Batin, Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 6General Administration for Precursors and Laboratories, General Directorate of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Yusuf S AlthobaitiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Health Science Campus, P.O. Box 11099, Airport Road, Al Haweiah, Taif, 21944, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 545736200Email ys.althobaiti@tu.edu.saPurpose: Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders. The nutritional etiology of the depression proposes that vitamin D may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of depression. Further, vitamin D deficiency has been found to aggravate depression in animals. Therefore, vitamin D treatment might be a potential therapeutic aid in depression management. This study aimed to explore the antidepressant effects of vitamin D in a Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced depression model.Methods: Thirty-six mice were randomly assigned to short-term and long-term experimental groups. In each group, mice were randomly subcategorized into three subgroups: 1. control (received vehicle), 2. BCG (received BCG [107 CFU/mouse]), and 3. BCG + vitamin D (received vitamin D [60.000 IU/kg] before BCG [107 CFU/mouse] inoculation). After completion of the two experimental periods (3 days for the short-term group and 2 weeks for the long-term group), the mice underwent three behavioral tests: locomotor activity, the forced swimming test (FST), and the tail suspension test (TST).Results: Locomotor activity did not significantly differ among the subgroups in either the long-term or short-term groups. In the short-term group, the total immobility time on the FST was decreased in the vitamin D-treated group compared to the BCG group. However, in the TST, no significant difference was found between the vitamin D-treated group and the BCG group. In the long-term group, the immobility time on the FST was decreased in the vitamin D-treated group compared to the BCG group. Similarly, the total immobility time on the TST was also significantly lower in the vitamin D-treated mice than in the BCG-treated mice.Conclusion: Vitamin D is useful in the management of depressive behavior. The potential role of vitamin D in the etiology of depression should be investigated in future work.Keywords: depression, natural supplements, tail suspension test, forced swimming test

Achieving efficient doping in n-type conjugated polymers is crucial for their application in electronic devices. In this study, an n-type doping method is developed based on cation exchange that maintains a high doping level while ensuring a high degree of structural order, leading to significantly improved electrical conductivity. By investigating various dopants and ionic liquids, it is discovered that the choice of dopant influences doping efficiency, while the selection of ionic liquid affects cation exchange efficiency. Through careful selection of suitable dopants and ionic liquids, High doping levels are achieved remarkably in a short period, resulting in the highest conductivity (nearly 1 × 10 - 2  S cm - ¹) compared to other doping methods for poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (N2200). The findings highlight the robustness and efficiency of cation exchange doping as an effective approach for achieving high-quality n-type doping in conjugated polymers, thereby opening new avenues for the development of advanced polymer-based electronic devices., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

A key challenge in the development of organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting materials (OMIEC) for high performance electrochemical transistors is their stable performance in ambient. When operating in aqueous electrolyte, potential reactions of the electrochemically injected electrons with air and water could hinder their persistence, leading to a reduction in charge transport. Here, the impact of deepening the LUMO energy level of a series of electron-transporting semiconducting polymers is evaluated, and subsequently rendering the most common oxidation processes of electron polarons thermodynamically unfavorable, on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) performance. Employing time resolved spectroelectrochemistry with three analogous polymers having varying electron affinities (EA), it is found that an EA below the thermodynamic threshold for oxidation of its electron polarons by oxygen significantly improves electron transport and lifetime in air. A polymer with a sufficiently large EA and subsequent thermodynamically unfavorable oxidation of electron polarons is reported, which is used as the semiconducting layer in an OECT, in its neutral and N-DMBI doped form, resulting in an excellent and air-stable OECT performance. These results show a general design methodology to avoid detrimental parasitic reactions under ambient conditions, and the benefits that arise in electrical performance., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

An organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) is an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) that utilizes light to toggle between ON and OFF states. The current response to light and voltage fluxes in aqueous media renders the OPECT ideal for the development of next-generation bioelectronic devices, including light-assisted biosensors, light-controlled logic gates, and artificial photoreceptors. However, existing OPECT architectures are complex, often requiring photoactive nanostructures prepared through labor-intensive synthetic methods, and despite this complexity, their performance remains limited. In this study, we develop aqueous electrolyte-compatible optoelectronic transistors using a single n-type semiconducting polymer. The n-type film performs multiple tasks: (1) gating the channel, (2) generating a photovoltage in response to light, and (3) coupling and transporting cations and electrons in the channel. We systematically investigate the photoelectrochemical properties of a range of n-type polymeric mixed conductors to understand the material requirements for maximizing phototransistor performance. Our findings contribute to the identification of crucial material and device properties necessary for constructing high-performance OPECTs with simplified design features and a direct interface with biological systems.

Background and Objective: The use of alternative medicine (AM) is rising globally. Hence this study aimed to assess the Use of and Satisfaction with Alternative Medicine in the management of headache and Related Factors in Individuals, living in Saudi Arabia., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2023 using an online questionnaire in Riyadh Saudi Arabia. The data was collected using a series, of prevalidated questionnaires aimed to assess the utilization and satisfaction of AM for the headache. Convenience sampling was applied for data collection., Results: A response rate of 93.1 % (n = 550) was obtained. Among the respondents, 78.7 % reported having headaches, while 69.2 % had a history of using AMs for headaches. However, among the users of AMs, 65.9 % of them were satisfied with the results of AMs, of those who were satisfied, 33.7 % said that AMs helped to prevent headache attacks, and 53.8 % reported that AMs use reduced pain intensity. The regression results demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between the satisfaction of AM for the headache and age (p < 0.004), and Active in sports (p < 0.019) and severity of the headache pain (p < 0.081)., Conclusion: The findings reported that relatively high prevalence of AMs used to manage headaches, while 65.9% of the users were satisfied with the outcomes, the satisfaction was found to have a significant relationship with age, activity in sports and severity of pain. To avoid negative effects of AM, it is recommended to use under the qualified healthcare professionals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: The antidiabetic potential of fenugreek has been highlighted in past literature, and various in-vitro and in-vivo studies have validated its glucose-lowering effects; however, very limited data are available on its effects on diabetic patients., Objective: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials that assessed patients who were administered fenugreek., Methods: The PRISMA guidelines (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MS9/A361) were followed when conducting this meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and MEDLINE were searched from inception until June 2023, for randomized control trials that compared fenugreek with control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and reported the following outcomes of interest: fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and postprandial glucose levels. The findings were presented as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were pooled using a random effects model., Results: Fenugreek significantly ( P <0.001) reduced the fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c levels and postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients when compared to the control., Conclusion: Among patients with type 2 DM, our comparisons demonstrated a reduction in FBS, HbA1c levels and postprandial glucose levels with the administration of fenugreek seed at 2-5 mg dose in powder form., Competing Interests: Nothing to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Organic semiconductors are a family of pi-conjugated compounds used in many applications, such as displays, bioelectronics, and thermoelectrics. However, their susceptibility to processing-induced contamination is not well understood. Here, it is shown that many organic electronic devices reported so far may have been unintentionally contaminated, thus affecting their performance, water uptake, and thin film properties. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to detect and quantify contaminants originating from the glovebox atmosphere and common laboratory consumables used during device fabrication. Importantly, this in-depth understanding of the sources of contamination allows the establishment of clean fabrication protocols, and the fabrication of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with improved performance and stability. This study highlights the role of unintentional contaminants in organic electronic devices, and demonstrates that certain stringent processing conditions need to be met to avoid scientific misinterpretation, ensure device reproducibility, and facilitate performance stability. The experimental procedures and conditions used herein are typical of those used by many groups in the field of solution-processed organic semiconductors. Therefore, the insights gained into the effects of contamination are likely to be broadly applicable to studies, not just of OFETs, but also of other devices based on these materials., (© 2023 The Authors. Small Methods published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Four solution-processable, linear conjugated polymers of intrinsic porosity are synthesised and tested for gas phase carbon dioxide photoreduction. The polymers' photoreduction efficiency is investigated as a function of their porosity, optical properties, energy levels and photoluminescence. All polymers successfully form carbon monoxide as the main product, without the addition of metal co-catalysts. The best performing single component polymer yields a rate of 66 μmol h -1  m -2 , which we attribute to the polymer exhibiting macroporosity and the longest exciton lifetimes. The addition of copper iodide, as a source of a copper co-catalyst in the polymers shows an increase in rate, with the best performing polymer achieving a rate of 175 μmol h -1  m -2 . The polymers are active for over 100 h under operating conditions. This work shows the potential of processable polymers of intrinsic porosity for use in the gas phase photoreduction of carbon dioxide towards solar fuels., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The authors conducted a systematic review on the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on electrophysiology (EP) practice and procedure volume in various settings. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase were examined with combinations of medical subject headings terms for identification of the relevant studies. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant, and ineligible studies, 23 studies were included for full qualitative analysis. The overall study-level volume reduction of EP procedures ranged from 8 to 96.7%. All studies reported an overall reduction in EP physiology procedures being carried out except one in Poland, which reported an overall increase in the total EP procedures carried out in 2020. This study still reported a decrease in EP procedure volume during the first lockdown phase. Procedural volume reduction was seen most commonly for cardiovascular implantable electronic device placement (20/23 studies, 86.9%), electrophysiology studies (11/23 studies, 47.8%), and ablations (9/23, 39.1% studies). The most common reason stated for the observed decline in EP procedures was the cancellation and postponement of nonurgent elective cases in the hospitals (15/23 studies, 65.2%). There has been an overall reduction in EP procedure volume across different centers. The impact of the decline in EP procedures will be seen only after the services resume to prepandemic levels, but an increase in-patient volume and procedure waiting time is expected. This review will provide insights into improving healthcare service delivery in times of unprecedented public health emergencies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Despite the contemporary techniques and devices available for invasive cardiology procedures, the current diagnostic, and interventional modalities have many shortcomings. As a contemporary cross-disciplinary technique, nanotechnology has demonstrated great potential in interventional cardiology practice. It has a pivotal role in detecting sensitive cardiac biomarkers, nanoparticle-enhanced gadolinium (Gd) contrast to enhance the detection of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and multimodal imaging like including optical coherence tomography (OCT)/infrared luminescence (IR) for coronary plaque characterization. Furthermore, in invasive cardiology, the potential benefit is in miniaturized cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), including leadless pacemakers and piezoelectric nanogenerators to self-power symbiotic cardiac devices. Nanoparticles are ideal for therapeutic drug delivery systems for atherosclerotic plaque regression, regeneration of fibrotic cardiomyocytes, and disruption of bacterial biofilm to enhance and prolong the effects of antimicrobial agents in infective endocarditis (IE). In summary, nanotechnology-assisted therapies can overtake conventional invasive cardiology and expand the horizon of microtechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of CAD in the foreseeable future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) is a potential complication when treating non HIV immunosuppressed patients with opportunistic infections. We present a case of a 49-year-old female with Adult-onset Still's disease on prednisone 40 mg daily who came to ED with right leg weakness and intractable headache for one week. She was diagnosed with Cryptococcus meningitis. Patient completed the induction phase of antifungal therapy and the steroids were tapered over four weeks. One month after discharge, a patient was brought in to ED, minimally responsive to verbal stimuli and had new left hemiparesis with persistent right leg weakness was noted on exam. An MRI of the brain was consistent with diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement compatible with meningoencephalitis. LP was notable for elevated opening pressure of 36cmH2O and CSF studies were negative for recurrence of cryptococcal infection. Given the timeline of patients presentation one month after discontinuation of steroids, and workup consistent with sterile meningitis, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was identified as the likely diagnosis. The patient was started on 50 mg of Prednisone daily. Six weeks after presentation, the patient's mental status returned to baseline, left hemiparesis resolved, and right lower extremity strength significantly improved. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for CNS IRIS in patients presenting with new neurologic findings in the setting of rapid discontinuation of steroids due to infection. IRIS in HIV patients with cryptococcal meningitis is a well-established entity; the purpose of this case report is to bring attention to similar inflammatory syndrome in non-HIV patients with cryptococcal meningitis., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd.)

Objective: This systematic review aimed at estimating the prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 symptoms in view of published literature that studied prolonged clinical manifestations after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection., Methods: Relevant databases were searched for extraction of articles. For data synthesis, based on the distribution of quantitative variables, they were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR). Qualitative variables were presented as frequency (n) and percentages (%)., Results: Twenty-one articles qualified for the final analysis. The most common persistent clinical manifestations were fatigue (54.11%), dyspnea (24.38%), alopecia (23.21%), hyperhidrosis (23.6%), insomnia (25.98%), anxiety (17.29%), and arthralgia (16.35%). In addition to these symptoms, new-onset hypertension, diabetes, neuropsychiatric disorders, and bladder incontinence were also reported., Conclusion: Clinical features of post-acute COVID-19 infection can manifest even after 60 days of initial infection. Multidisciplinary care along with regular follow-up must be provided to such patients., (© 2022 The Authors.)

The ADHD Rating Scale-5 for Children and Adolescents, School Version, has been adopted and validated to be used in assessing ADHD among school children within Western contexts. However, there are few assessment tools in use for identifying ADHD characteristics in children in Sudan. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of this rating scale in the context of Sudan. To accomplish this, data were collected on a sample of 3,742 school-aged children and adolescents as reported by their teachers. Psychometric properties can be classified as very good, with very high reliability (>0.90), and high construct validity tested by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Thus, the ADHD Rating Scale-5 for Children and Adolescents, School Version, is valid, reliable, and suitable to use for assessing ADHD symptoms among children and adolescents in the Sudanese context., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Alhossein, Abaoud, Becker, Aldabas, Bakhiet, Al Jaffal, Alsufyani, Abdu Elrahim and Alzrayer.)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to systematically screen the literature for studies reporting cosmetic material in the oral and maxillofacial complex to shed light on the types of cosmetic materials, their radiographic appearance, and possible complications., Materials and Methods: Five electronic databases were reviewed for eligible studies. The general search terms were "cosmetic," "filler," "face," and "radiograph." Demographics, material types, clinical and radiographic presentation, and complications were recorded., Results: Thirty-one studies with 53 cases met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 52.6±15.4 years with a 4 : 3 female-to-male ratio. The most common material was calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHa) (n=14, 26.4%), found incidentally. The materials were generally located within the upper cheek and zygoma (n=35, 66.0%), radiographically well-defined (n=44, 83%), and had no effects on the surrounding structures (n=27, 50.9%). The internal structure was radiopaque (calcification, hyperdensity) for gold wires, CaHa, bone implants, and secondary calcification or ossification. Outdated cosmetic materials or non-conservative techniques were infiltrative, had effects on the surrounding structures, and presented with clinical signs, symptoms, or complications., Conclusion: Conventional radiography, cone-beam computed tomography, and multi-detector computed tomography are useful to differentiate several cosmetic materials. Their magnetic resonance imaging appearance was highly variable. The infrequent inclusion of cosmetic materials in the differential diagnosis implies that medical and dental specialists may be unfamiliar with the radiographic appearance of these materials in the face., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: None, (Copyright © 2022 by Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overwhelming healthcare systems globally. To date, a myriad of therapeutic regimens has been employed in an attempt to curb the ramifications of a severe COVID-19 infection. Amidst the ongoing pandemic, the advent and efficacious uptake of COVID-19 vaccination has significantly reduced disease-related hospitalizations and mortality. Nevertheless, many side-effects are being reported after COVID-19 vaccinations and myocarditis is the most commonly reported sequelae post vaccination. Majority of these diseases are associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Various studies have established a temporal relationship between these complications, yet the causality and the underlying pathogenesis remain hypothetical. In this review, we aim to critically appraise the available literature regarding the cardiovascular side effects of the various mRNA vaccines and the associated pathophysiology., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Restylane&reg; Lidocaine is one of the most widely used hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to replace lost or displaced volume during tear trough correction. Patient goals for tear trough correction include looking less tired or removing dark circles and this may be achieved by administering HA filler into the infraorbital region to correct the lower eyelid relative to the volume deficit, thereby smoothing the transition from the lower eyelid to the cheek. To achieve patient satisfaction and consistent results with Restylane, optimal application is essential; however, clinical guidance based on experience is limited. This paper reflects the recommendations of an interdisciplinary expert panel for the use of Restylane in correcting tear trough deformity, including patient selection, dosing, injection technique, and post-treatment care. Recommendations were discussed and agreed as a consensus, according to cross-sectional expertise and clinical experience. J Drugs Dermatol. 2022;21(4):387-392. doi:10.36849/JDD.6597.

Three lactone-based rigid semiconducting polymers were designed to overcome major limitations in the development of n-type organic thermoelectrics, namely electrical conductivity and air stability. Experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrated that increasing the lactone group density by increasing the benzene content from 0 % benzene (P-0), to 50 % (P-50), and 75 % (P-75) resulted in progressively larger electron affinities (up to 4.37 eV), suggesting a more favorable doping process, when employing (N-DMBI) as the dopant. Larger polaron delocalization was also evident, due to the more planarized conformation, which is proposed to lead to a lower hopping energy barrier. As a consequence, the electrical conductivity increased by three orders of magnitude, to achieve values of up to 12 S cm and Power factors of 13.2 μWm -1  K -2 were thereby enabled. These findings present new insights into material design guidelines for the future development of air stable n-type organic thermoelectrics., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Novel p-type semiconducting polymers that can facilitate ion penetration, and operate in accumulation mode are much desired in bioelectronics. Glycol side chains have proven to be an efficient method to increase bulk electrochemical doping and optimize aqueous swelling. One early polymer which exemplifies these design approaches was p(g2T-TT), employing a bithiophene- co -thienothiophene backbone with glycol side chains in the 3,3' positions of the bithiophene repeat unit. In this paper, the analogous regioisomeric polymer, namely pgBTTT, was synthesized by relocating the glycol side chains position on the bithiophene unit of p(g2T-TT) from the 3,3' to the 4,4' positions and compared with the original p(g2T-TT). By changing the regio-positioning of the side chains, the planarizing effects of the S-O interactions were redistributed along the backbone, and the influence on the polymer's microstructure organization was investigated using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. The newly designed pgBTTT exhibited lower backbone disorder, closer π-stacking, and higher scattering intensity in both the in-plane and out-of-plane GIWAXS measurements. The effect of the improved planarity of pgBTTT manifested as higher hole mobility (μ) of 3.44 ± 0.13 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was in agreement with the GIWAXS measurements and demonstrated, for the first time, that glycol side chains can also facilitate intermolecular interdigitation analogous to that of pBTTT. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation of energy (eQCM-D) measurements revealed that pgBTTT maintains a more rigid structure than p(g2T-TT) during doping, minimizing molecular packing disruption and maintaining higher hole mobility in operation mode.

N-type conjugated polymers as the semiconducting component of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are still undeveloped with respect to their p-type counterparts. Herein, we report two rigid n-type conjugated polymers bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains, PgNaN and PgNgN, which demonstrated an essentially torsion-free π-conjugated backbone. The planarity and electron-deficient rigid structures enable the resulting polymers to achieve high electron mobility in an OECT device of up to the 10 -3  cm 2  V -1  s -1 range, with a deep-lying LUMO energy level lower than -4.0 eV. Prominently, the polymers exhibited a high device performance with a maximum dimensionally normalized transconductance of 0.212 S cm -1 and the product of charge-carrier mobility μ and volumetric capacitance C* of 0.662±0.113 F cm -1  V -1  s -1 , which are among the highest in n-type conjugated polymers reported to date. Moreover, the polymers are synthesized via a metal-free aldol-condensation polymerization, which is beneficial to their application in bioelectronics., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Three n-type fused lactam semiconducting polymers were synthesized for thermoelectric and transistor applications via a cheap, highly atom-efficient, and nontoxic transition-metal free aldol polycondensation. Energy level analysis of the three polymers demonstrated that reducing the central acene core size from two anthracenes ( A-A ), to mixed naphthalene-anthracene ( A-N ), and two naphthalene cores ( N-N ) resulted in progressively larger electron affinities, thereby suggesting an increasingly more favorable and efficient solution doping process when employing 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1 H -benzimidazol-2-yl)- N , N -dimethylbenzenamine (N-DMBI) as the dopant. Meanwhile, organic field effect transistor (OFET) mobility data showed the N-N and A-N polymers to feature the highest charge carrier mobilities, further highlighting the benefits of aryl core contraction to the electronic performance of the materials. Ultimately, the combination of these two factors resulted in N-N , A-N , and A-A to display power factors (PFs) of 3.2 μW m -1 K -2 , 1.6 μW m -1 K -2 , and 0.3 μW m -1 K -2 , respectively, when doped with N-DMBI, whereby the PFs recorded for N-N and A-N are among the highest reported in the literature for n-type polymers. Importantly, the results reported in this study highlight that modulating the size of the central acene ring is a highly effective molecular design strategy to optimize the thermoelectric performance of conjugated polymers, thus also providing new insights into the molecular design guidelines for the next generation of high-performance n-type materials for thermoelectric applications.

Rationale: Vici syndrome (VICIS) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with multisystem involvement characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, congenital cataracts, cardiomyopathy, combined immunodeficiency, significant developmental delay, and hypopigmentation and in some cases loss of hearing. It is caused by mutations in Ectopic P-granules protein 5 gene, which is responsible for regulating autophagy activity., Patient Concern: We report a 6-month-old Saudi female patient who was the second-born baby of first cousins. She was born by normal spontaneous vertex vaginal delivery. Parents noticed that she had global developmental delay and recurrent hospital admissions due to chest infections., Diagnosis: Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed brain atrophy with corpus callosum agenesis. Ophthalmology examination revealed bilateral congenital cataract. Molecular genetic testing identified the pathogenic homozygous variant c.4751T>A p. (Leu1584*) on exon 27 of the EPG5 gene and confirmed the diagnosis of Vici syndrome., Interventions: Supportive multidisciplinary care plan was initiated to this untreatable syndrome., Outcomes: The patient died at the age of 6 months due to sepsis with uncompensated septic shock., Lessons: VICIS is a rare untreatable disorder with worldwide distribution. High index of suspicion is needed to diagnose it and family genetic counselling is crucial.

Complexes made by hosts that completely surround their guests provide a means to stabilize reactive chemical intermediates, transfer biologically active cargo to a diseased cell, and construct molecular-scale devices. By the virtue of inorganic host-guest self-assembly, nucleation processes in the cavity of a {P 8 W 48 }-archetype phosphotungstate has afforded a nanoscale 16-Al III -32-oxo cluster and its Ga III analogue that contain the largest number of Al III /Ga III ions yet found in polyoxometalate (POM) chemistry. Interestingly, the rich Lewis acid Al III centers within the Lewis base POM support shows an exceptional proton conductivity of 4.5×10 -2  S cm -1 (85 °C, 70 % RH; RH: relative humidity), which is by far the highest conductivity reported among POM-based single-crystal proton conductors., (© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)