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Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris (BADI) and bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) are relatively new clinical entities characterized by acute pigment dispersion from the iris stroma or iris pigment epithelium, respectively. While BADI presents with diffuse or geographic areas of iris stromal depigmentation without transillumination, BAIT cases typically develop diffuse iris transillumination and mydriatic atonic pupils. Prolonged pigment dispersion and ocular hypertension are more common in BAIT. Although the exact etiopathogenesis is still unknown, moxifloxacin toxicity appears to be a probable/likely cause. The underlying cause of BADI or BAIT in patients who were not exposed to fluoroquinolone antibiotics remains unexplained. Systemic viral infections, including coronavirus disease 2019, may be the triggering event in several cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TSDLC) in advanced glaucoma patients with hest-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.3 Snellen unit or better. Materials and Methods: Patients with BCVA of 0.3 Snellen unit or better who underwent TSDLC for uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) and followed up regularly for at least 12 months were evaluated retrospectively. The primary end-point was the decrease of one or more Snellen lines in BCVA, secondary end-point was the IOP control with or without medications. Results: Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients were included and followed for a mean of24.1+26.4 months. The mean IOP was reduced from 28.3±6.0 mmHg at baseline to 14.4±5.0 mmHg (p<0.001). The average number of antiglaucoma medications was significantly reduced from 3.7±0.5 at baseline to 3.0±0.87 (p<0.05) at last follow-up. BCVAremained constant in 24 (66.7%) eyes, improved in 4 (11.1%), and deteriorated by one line or more in 8 (22.2%). The vision loss was attributed to TSDLC in only 3 patients who had cystoid macular edema, central retinal vein occlusion and post-laser hypotony. Conclusion: TSDLC is an effective, safe, and technically easy procedure for controlling the IOP in advanced glaucoma cases with good visual acuity. TSDLC may be considered both as primary treatment and as an alternative treatment after failed filtration procedures instead of invasive glaucoma surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with optic coherence tomography (OCT) during active inflammation period and after recovery in eyes with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and to compare them with the patients' healthy eyes. Material and Method: Twenty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with unilateral AAU in the Uvea Department of our hospital were included in this study. OCT measurements were taken with 'Stratus OCT fast macular thickness map' program and 'fast RNFL thickness' program. Mean thicknesses of fovea centered 1 mm, 3 mm, 6 mm circles, total macular volume (TMV) and mean RNFL thickness in 3.4 mm peripapillary circle were compared between eyes with AAU and healthy eyes. Also, the measurements during the acute attack were compared with measurements of the same eyes after recovery. Results: There were 14 women and 18 men with a mean age of 37 (range, 20-65) years. Total macular volume, peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular thicknesses in 1 mm, 3mm, 6 mm circles were significantly elevated in acutely inflamed eyes as compared with healthy eyes (p<0,05). There were significant differences in the macular thicknesses in the circles of 3 and 6 mm and TMV between acute inflammation period and after treatment (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements (p>0.05). When measurements after recovery were compared with the patients' healthy eyes, the circle of 3 mm thickness and TMV were still significantly higher in the recovered eyes. Discussion: Although there were no inflammation findings in the posterior segment of eyes with AAU, increased peripapillary RNFL and macular thickness can be detected with OCT. Macular thickness can be decreased after treatment but even when the clinical findings disappear, thickening in the macula can persist for some time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop an algorithm for the diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD) uveitis based on ocular findings. Methods: Following an initial survey among uveitis experts, we collected multi-center retrospective data on 211 patients with BD uveitis and 207 patients with other uveitides, and identified ocular findings with a high diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Subsequently, we collected multi-center prospective data on 127 patients with BD uveitis and 322 controls and developed a diagnostic algorithm using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis and expert opinion. Results: We identified 10 items with DOR >5. The items that provided the highest accuracy in CART analysis included superficial retinal infiltrate, signs of occlusive retinal vasculitis, and diffuse retinal capillary leakage as well as the absence of granulomatous anterior uveitis or choroiditis in patients with vitritis. Conclusion: This study provides a diagnostic tree for BD uveitis that needs to be validated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: evaluate the reasons for intraocular lens (IOL) reposition and exchange in our clinic. Materials and Methods: 75 eyes of 73 patients with a history of cataract extraction having either IOL reposition or IOL exchange in our clinic was evaluated retrospectively from the patient charts. Visual acuity, the place of IOL implantation (either anterior or posterior chamber), the structure of GIL and indication of IOL exchange or reposition was noted. Results: In the study 39 eyes underwent IOL exchange and 36 eyes IOL reposition. Of 39 eyes having IOL exchange 12 eyes had bullous keratopathy, 10 eyes incorrect IOL power, 7 eyes (one eye due to capsular phymosis and 6 eyes due to psoudoexfoliation) IOL subluxation, 5 eyes cataract progression secondary to fakic IOL, 4 eyes IOL opacification and one eye with fakic IOL experienced chronic inflammation. Of 36 eyes having IOL reposition 13 had zonular damage (12 eyes due to pseudoexfoliation and one eye due to ocular travma), 4 eyes capsular phymosis and 19 eyes IOL dislocation due to either one or both of the haptics remaining outside the capsular bag. Conclusion: A significant number of eyes requiring IOL exchange or reposition may be prevented by the experience and cautiousness (vigilance) of the surgeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine demographic and clinical factors that affect the outcomes of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Material and Method: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the medical records of 54 eyes of 39 patients who underwent SLT treatment for POAG. Effects of demographic characteristics including age, sex, treated eyes, and family history of glaucoma on SLT success were investigated. Effects of clinical features including baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), baseline number of antiglaucomatous medications, baseline cup to disc ratio (c/d), trabecular meshwork (TM) pigmentation, central corneal thickness, and number of laser spots on SLT success were also evaluated. Success was defined as a ? 20% reduction in IOP without additional medications, laser, or glaucoma surgery. Results: Overall, 1-year after SLT, the mean IOP reduction was 4.7±3.2 mmHg and the mean success rate was 59.3±6%. Among the all investigated factors, only baseline IOP was a significant predictor for the efficacy of SLT in POAG (p<0.001, r=570). The SLT success was 45±10% in patients with a baseline IOP values less than 21 mmHg and 72±8% in patients with a baseline IOP of 21 mmHg or higher (p=0.036). Other factors were not significantly associated with SLT treatment efficacy. Discussion: SLT success is significantly predicted by baseline IOP value. However, age, sex, family history of glaucoma, treated eye, baseline number of medications, c/d, degree of TM pigmentation, CCT, and number of laser spots are not associated with SLT efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Retrospective analysis of complications and outcomes of phacoemulsification (phaco) surgery in hypermature, brunescent, and nigra (grade 5 and 6 according to LOCS classification) cataracts. Materials and Methods: In our series 74 eyes of 74 patients with hypermature, brunescent, and nigra cataracts in Khartoum, Sudan, were included. All the operations were performed by experienced surgeons. Trypan blue was used in all of the cases in order to obtain a regular image of anterior capsulorhexis. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, surgical techniques, biomicroscopic findings, intraocular pressure, and complications were investigated. Results: Peribulbar anesthesia was applied in 65 of the patients and topical anesthesia in 9. Band keratopathy was observed in 25 cases and corneal scarring in 10. Irregular anterior capsulorhexis was not found in any of the cases. Posterior capsule rupture occurred in 5 cases. Intravitreal nucleus drop did not occur in any of the cases. Corneal edema in different levels occurred in 49 patients. IOP increased in 12 cases and a fibrin reaction occurred in 11 cases. Phaco burn developed in 19 eyes. Visual acuity improved in 63 (85%) eyes but did not change in 11 (15%) eyes. Conclusion: Extracapsular cataract surgery is the usual and preferred method for hypermature, brunescent, and nigra cataracts. With experienced surgeons, and appropriate phacoemulsification parameters and methods, satisfactory results can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]