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6 results on '"Alterra Green World Research (AGWR)"'

1. Intensification of agriculture, landscape composition and wild bee communities: A large scale study in four European countries

Author

Rob Bugter, Agnès Schermann-Legionnet, Violette Le Féon, Frédéric Hendrickx, Françoise Burel, Yannick R. Delettre, Regula Billeter, Stéphanie Aviron, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche SAD Armorique (AMORIQUE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Integrative Biology (ETH), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Alterra Green World Research (AGWR), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC) (TEREC), State University of Ghent, Greenveins, European Project, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, CL - Ecological Networks, Honeybee, boundary vegetation, 01 natural sciences, nesting bees, Abundance, Wageningen Environmental Research, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Apidae, Intensive farming, Agroforestry, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, co-inertia analysis, Agricultural practices, Habitat, species-diversity, foraging ranges, Livestock, Bumblebees, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Multivariate analyses, crop pollination, Crop, beneficial arthropods, business.industry, fungi, pollinator diversity, CL - Ecologische Netwerken, Species diversity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, grazing intensity, bumble bees, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Solitary bees, Species richness, Semi-natural habitats, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

International audience; The impacts of agricultural practices and landscape composition on bee communities were investigated in 14 sites located in four Western European countries Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Switzerland). Standardized interviews with farmers assessed agricultural practices in terms of agricultural inputs (nitrogen fertilization and pesticides), livestock density and crop types. The proportion of semi-natural habitats was calculated for each site. We showed negative effects of agricultural intensification on species richness, abundance and diversity of wild bees. By contrast, bee species richness increased with the amount of semi-natural habitats in the landscape. Using a co-inertia analysis, we found an opposition between two types of agricultural specialization: towards crop production or towards animal husbandry. Species richness, abundance and diversity of wild bees were greater in sites turned towards crop production. In these sites, flowering crops provided abundant food resources for bees whereas, in the other group of sites, intensive animal husbandry led to landscapes dominated by forage crops rather than flower-rich permanent grasslands. We also showed that bumblebees seemed to be less sensitive to agricultural intensification than solitary bees.

Published
2010

2. Prediction uncertainty of environmental change effects on temperate European biodiversity

Author

Raphaël De Cock, St. Klotz, Regula Billeter, Jana Verboom, N. Schermann, St. Aviron, M. Roubalova, Tim Diekötter, Petra Šímová, Jacques Baudry, J.P. Maelfait, Paul Arens, Walter K. R. E. van Wingerden, Frederik Hendrickx, Marinus J. M. Smulders, Agnès Schermann-Legionnet, Carsten F. Dormann, Mark Frenzel, R. Hamersky, F. Herzog, Oliver Schweiger, Jaan Liira, Rob Bugter, Walter Durka, J. Dirksen, M. Speelmans, Françoise Burel, T. Schmidt, I. Augenstein, Angela Lausch, Debra Bailey, B.J.H. Koolstra, M. Cerny, Paul Opdam, Martin Zobel, Geert De Blust, D. Le Coeur, R. DeFilippi, Roman Bukacek, Peter J. Edwards, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Plant Research International (PRI), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche SAD Armorique (AMORIQUE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Armoricain de Recherche en Environnement (CAREN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Alterra Green World Research (AGWR), Nature Conservation Authority (NCA), Nature Conservation Authority, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research (IFER), Institute of Foret Ecosystem Research, INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), INBO, Institute of Integrative Biology (ETH), Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC) (TEREC), State University of Ghent, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Institute of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, GREENVEINS (projet europeen), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), INRA SAD Armorique, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, INRA-SAD Armorique, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Climate, distributions, Biodiversity, Landgebruiksplanning, envelope, 01 natural sciences, multimodel inference, PRI Biodiversiteit en Veredeling, Wageningen Environmental Research, species richness, uncertainty analysis, Uncertainty analysis, Geography, Ecology, environmental change, Plants, Europe, communities, climate change, climate-change, Gamma diversity, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, projection, extinction risk, Environment, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, Birds, agricultural landscapes, models, Landscape Centre, cover data, Land Use Planning, Animals, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, land-use intensity, Arthropods, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Alterra - Centrum Landschap, Species diversity, Global change, 15. Life on land, PRI Biodiversity and Breeding, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

FR2116; International audience; Observed patterns of species richness at landscape scale (gamma diversity) cannot always be attributed to a specific set of explanatory variables, but rather different alternative explanatory statistical models of similar quality may exist. Therefore predictions of the effects of environmental change (such as in climate or land cover) on biodiversity may differ considerably, depending on the chosen set of explanatory variables. Here we use multimodel prediction to evaluate effects of climate, land-use intensity and landscape structure on species richness in each of seven groups of organisms (plants, birds, spiders, wild bees, ground beetles, true bugs and hoverflies) in temperate Europe. We contrast this approach with traditional best-model predictions, which we show, using cross-validation, to have inferior prediction accuracy. Multimodel inference changed the importance of some environmental variables in comparison with the best model, and accordingly gave deviating predictions for environmental change effects. Overall, prediction uncertainty for the multimodel approach was only slightly higher than that of the best model, and absolute changes in predicted species richness were also comparable. Richness predictions varied generally more for the impact of climate change than for land-use change at the coarse scale of our study. Overall, our study indicates that the uncertainty introduced to environmental change predictions through uncertainty in model selection both qualitatively and quantitatively affects species richness projections.

Published
2008

3. Plant functional group composition and large-scale species richness in European agricultural landscapes

Author

Raphaël De Cock, Ingolf Kühn, Debra Bailey, Oliver Schweiger, M. Roubalova, Felix Herzog, Didier Le Coeur, Jaan Liira, Roman Bukacek, Tsipe Aavik, Françoise Burel, Regula Billeter, Martin Zobel, J. Dirksen, Isabel Augenstein, T. Schmidt, Paul Arens, Peter J. Edwards, Walter K. R. E. van Wingerden, Marinus J. M. Smulders, Roman Hamerský, Rob Bugter, Geert De Blust, Pavlina Miklová, Stefan Klotz, Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Plant Research International (PRI), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Nature Conservation Authority (NCA), Nature Conservation Authority, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), INBO, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Alterra Green World Research (AGWR), Institute of Integrative Biology (ETH), Unité de recherche SAD Armorique (AMORIQUE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the Czech Republic, Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research (IFER), Institute of Foret Ecosystem Research, Projet GREENVEINS (UE), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, INRA-SAD Armorique, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Agricultural land use, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, boundary vegetation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, diversity, Landscape Centre, traits, Abundance (ecology), PRI Biodiversiteit en Veredeling, Wageningen Environmental Research, Plant functional type, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Plant growth form, Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, Agroforestry, fungi, Alterra - Centrum Landschap, conservation, Species diversity, Habitat loss, Landscape structure, area, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PRI Biodiversity and Breeding, grassland plants, land, Habitat destruction, Indicator species, connectivity, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Species richness, habitat fragmentation, Plant species richness
Abstract

International audience; Question: Which are the plant functional groups responding most clearly to agricultural disturbances? Which are the relative roles of habitat availability, landscape configuration and agricultural land use intensity in affecting the functional composition and diversity of vascular plants in agricultural landscapes? Location: 25 agricultural landscape areas in seven European countries. Methods: We examined the plant species richness and abundance in 4 km × 4 km landscape study sites. The plant functional group classification was derived from the BIOLFLOR database. Factorial decomposition of functional groups was applied. Results: Natural habitat availability and low land use intensity supported the abundance and richness of perennials, sedges, pteridophytes and high nature quality indicator species. The abundance of clonal species, C and S strategists was also correlated with habitat area. An increasing density of field edges explained a decrease in richness of high nature quality species and an increase in richness of annual graminoids. Intensive agriculture enhanced the richness of annuals and low nature quality species. Conclusions: Habitat patch availability and habitat quality are the main drivers of functional group composition and plant species richness in European agricultural landscapes. Linear elements do not compensate for the loss of habitats, as they mostly support disturbance tolerant generalist species. In order to conserve vascular plant species diversity in agricultural landscapes, the protection and enlargement of existing patches of (semi-) natural habitats appears to be more effective than relying on the rescue effect of linear elements. This should be done in combination with appropriate agricultural management techniques to limit the effect of agrochemicals to the fields.

Published
2008

4. Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a pan-European study

Author

Billeter, R., Liira, J., Bailey, D., Bugter, R.J.F., Arens, P.F.P., Augenstein, I., Aviron, S., Baudry, J., Bukacek, R., Burel, F., Cerny, M., de Blust, G., de Cock, R., Diekotter, T., Dietz, H., Dirksen, J., Dormann, C., Durka, W., Frenzel, M., Hamersky, R., Hendrickx, F., Herzog, F., Klotz, S., Koolstra, B.J.H., Lausch, A., Le Coeur, D., Maelfait, J.P., Opdam, P., Roubalova, M., Schermann, A., Schermann, N., Schmidt, T., Schweiger, O., Smulders, M.J.M., Speelmans, M., Simova, P., Verboom, J., van Wingerden, W.K.R.E., Zobel, M., Edwards, P.J., Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Alterra Green World Research (AGWR), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Plant Research International (PRI), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), INRA SAD Armor, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche SAD Armorique (AMORIQUE), Centre Armoricain de Recherche en Environnement (CAREN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nature Conservation Authority (NCA), Nature Conservation Authority, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research (IFER), Institute of Foret Ecosystem Research, INBO, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest, State University of Ghent, Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC) (TEREC), Institute of Integrative Biology (ETH), Projet GREENVEINS (UE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA SAD Armorique, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, INRA-SAD Armorique, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Landgebruiksplanning, arthropods, boundary vegetation, scale, Landscape Centre, PRI Biodiversiteit en Veredeling, habitats, Land Use Planning, land-use, species-richness, Wageningen Environmental Research, semi-natural plants, 577: Ökologie, species richness, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, agri-environment schemes, WIMEK, conservation, Alterra - Centrum Landschap, indicator taxa, plant diversity, ecosystem service, PRI Biodiversity and Breeding, communities, monitoring, birds
Abstract

1D; International audience; 1. In many European agricultural landscapes, species richness is declining considerably. Studies performed at a very large spatial scale are helpful in understanding the reasons for this decline and as a basis for guiding policy. In a unique, large-scale study of 25 agricultural landscapes in seven European countries, we investigated relationships between species richness in several taxa, and the links between biodiversity and landscape structure and management. 2. We estimated the total species richness of vascular plants, birds and five arthropod groups in each 16-km 2 landscape, and recorded various measures of both landscape structure and intensity of agricultural land use. We studied correlations between taxonomic groups and the effects of landscape and land-use parameters on the number of species in different taxonomic groups. Our statistical approach also accounted for regional variation in species richness unrelated to landscape or land-use factors. 3. The results reveal strong geographical trends in species richness in all taxonomic groups. No single species group emerged as a good predictor of all other species groups. Species richness of all groups increased with the area of semi-natural habitats in the landscape. Species richness of birds and vascular plants was negatively associated with fertilizer use. 4. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that indicator taxa are unlikely to provide an effective means of predicting biodiversity at a large spatial scale, especially where there is large biogeographical variation in species richness. However, a small list of landscape and land-use parameters can be used in agricultural landscapes to infer large-scale patterns of species richness. Our results suggest that to halt the loss of biodiversity in these landscapes, it is important to preserve and, if possible, increase the area of semi-natural habitat.

Published
2008

5. How landscape structure, land-use intensity and habitat diversity affect components of total arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes

Author

Hendrickx, Frédéric, Maelfait, Jean-Pierre, Van Wingerden, Walter, Schweiger, Oliver, Speelmans, Marjan, Aviron, Stéphanie, Augenstein, Isabel, Billeter, Regula, Bailey, Debra, Bukacek, Roman, Burel, Francoise, Diekotter, T., Dirksen, Jolanda, Herzog, Felix, Liira, J., Roubalova, M., Vadomme, Viki, Bugter, Rob, Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC) (TEREC), State University of Ghent, Alterra Green World Research (AGWR), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Nature Conservation Authority (NCA), Nature Conservation Authority, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research (IFER), Institute of Foret Ecosystem Research, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
landscape ecology, agro-ecosystems, diversity partitioning, fragmentation, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, conservation, insects, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, biodiversity
Abstract

International audience; 1. Agricultural intensification poses a serious threat to biodiversity as a consequence of increased land-use intensity, decreased landscape heterogeneity and reduced habitat diversity. Although there is interest in the preservation of total species richness of an agricultural landscape (γ diversity), the effects of intensification have been assessed primarily by species richness at a local scale (α diversity). This ignores species richness between local communities (β diversity), which is an important component of total species richness. 2. In this study, measures of land-use intensity, landscape structure and habitat diversity were related to γ, α and β diversity of wild bees (Apoidea), carabid beetles (Carabidae), hoverflies (Syrphidae), true bugs (Heteroptera) and spiders (Araneae) within 16 local communities in 24 temperate European agricultural landscapes. 3. The total landscape species richness of all groups was most strongly affected by increased proximity of semi-natural habitat patches. Bees also decreased in landscapes with a high intensity of farmland management, demonstrating additive effects of both factors. 4. Separating total species diversity into components, the decrease in total species richness could be attributed primarily to a decrease in species diversity between local communities. Species richness of the local communities of all investigated groups decreased with increasing land-use intensity and, in the case of spiders, decreasing proximity of the semi-natural habitat patches. 5. The effect of increased habitat diversity appeared to be of secondary importance to total species richness but caused a shift in the relative contribution of α and β diversity towards the latter.

Published
2007

6. Quantifying the impact of environmental factors on arthropod communities in agricultural landscapes across organizational levels and spatial scales

Author

Schweiger, O., Maelfait, J.P., van Wingerden, W.K.R.E., Hendrickx, F., Billeter, R., Speelmans, M., Augenstein, I., Aukema, B., Aviron, S., Bailey, D., Bukacek, R., Burel, F., Diekötter, T., Dirksen, J., Frenzel, M., Herzog, F., Liira, J., Roubalova, M., Bugter, R.J.F., Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC) (TEREC), State University of Ghent, Alterra Green World Research (AGWR), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Plant Protection Service, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Nature Conservation Authority (NCA), Nature Conservation Authority, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research (IFER), Institute of Foret Ecosystem Research, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Briand, Valerie

Subjects
biodiversity evaluation, biological-control, distributions, Alterra - Centrum Landschap, natural enemies, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, context, diversity, biodiversité, Landscape Centre, groupes fonctionnels, structure des paysage, Wageningen Environmental Research, habitat fragmentation, ecology, species richness, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, intensification, structure des communautés
Abstract

1. In landscapes influenced by anthropogenic activities, such as intensive agriculture, knowledge of the relative importance and interaction of environmental factors on the composition and function of local communities across a range of spatial scales is important for maintaining biodiversity. 2. We analysed five arthropod taxa covering a broad range of functional aspects (wild bees, true bugs, carabid beetles, hoverflies and spiders) in 24 landscapes (4 x 4 km) across seven European countries along gradients of both land-use intensity and landscape structure. Species-environment relationships were examined in a hierarchical design of four main sets of environmental factors (country, land-use intensity, landscape structure, local habitat properties) that covered three spatial scales (region, landscape, local) by means of hierarchical variability partitioning using partial canonical correspondence analyses. 3. Local community composition and the distribution of body size classes and trophic guilds were most affected by regional processes, which highly confounded landscape and local factors. After correcting for regional effects, factors at the landscape scale dominated over local habitat factors. Land-use intensity explained most of the variability in species data, whereas landscape characteristics (especially connectivity) accounted for most of the variability in body size and trophic guilds. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that management effort should be focused on land-use intensity and habitat connectivity in order to enhance diversity in agricultural landscapes. Since these factors are largely independent, specific conservation programmes may be developed with regards to socio-economic and agri-environmental requirements. Changes in either of these factors will enhance diversity but will also result in specific effects on local communities related to dispersal ability and the resource use of species.

Published
2005

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