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(1) This study evaluates the impact of the CT-guided SIRIO augmented reality navigation system on the procedural efficacy and clinical outcomes of neuroprotection in vertebral thermal ablation (RTA) for primary and metastatic bone tumors. (2) Methods: A retrospective non-randomized analysis of 28 vertebral RTA procedures was conducted, comparing 12 SIRIO-assisted and 16 non-SIRIO-assisted procedures. The primary outcomes included dose-length product (DLP) and epidural dissection time. The secondary outcomes included technical success, complication rates, and pain scores at procedural time (VAS Time 0) and three months post-procedure (VAS Time 1). The statistical analyses included t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and multiple regression. (3) Results: SIRIO-assisted procedures significantly reduced DLP (307.42 mGycm vs. 460.31 mGycm, p = 2.23 × 10−8) and procedural epidural dissection time (13.48 min vs. 32.26 min, p = 2.61 × 10−12) compared to non-SIRIO-assisted procedures. Multiple regression confirmed these reductions were significant (DLP: β = −162.38, p < 0.001; time: β = −18.25, p < 0.001). Pain scores (VAS Time 1) did not differ significantly between groups, and tumor type did not significantly influence outcomes. (4) Conclusions: The SIRIO system enhances neuroprotection efficacy and safety, reducing radiation dose and procedural time during spine tumoral ablation while maintaining consistent pain management outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the determinants of low birth weight (LBW) in Italy. Methods The study was carried out in a non-teaching hospital in Catanzaro (Italy). All LBW and very LBW newborns (200) were included in the study and a random sample of 400 newborns weighing ≥ 2500 g was selected. Data were collected from the delivery certificates during one year. Smoking activity of mother and familiar and/or social support during pregnancy was gathered through telephone interviews. Results Overall annual LBW rate was 11.8%. Among LBW newborn there were 125 preterm and 75 term. Younger mothers, those who smoked during pregnancy, and had fewer prenatal care visits were more likely to deliver a LBW child; moreover, preterm newborns, delivered by caesarean section, and twin or multiple birth were significantly more likely to have a LBW. The comparison of very LBW ( Conclusion Several modifiable factors affect the risk of LBW, even when universal access to health care is freely available, but socio-economic status appears to correlate only to very LBW.

Background: Augmented reality navigation system for percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided pulmonary biopsies has recently been introduced. There are no studies in literature about its use for ground glass lesions biopsies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an augmented reality infrared navigation system performance on CT-guided percutaneous lung ground glass opacity (GGO) biopsy compared to a standard CT-guided technique., Methods: A total of 80 patients with lung GGO who underwent to a percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy with an augmented reality infrared navigation system were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Comparison was performed with a group of 80 patients who underwent to lung biopsy with the standard CT-guided technique. Evaluation of maximum lesion diameter (MLD), distance between lesion and pleural surface (DPS), distance travelled by the needle (DTP), procedural time, validity of histological sample, procedural complications and the radiation dose to the patient's chest were recorded for each patient of both groups. In addition, each group was divided into two subgroups based on lesion size, according to a cut-off of 1.5 cm (<1.5 cm; ≥1.5 cm)., Results: Augmented reality navigation system showed a significant reduction in procedural time, radiation dose administrated to patients and complications rate compared to a standard CT-guided technique. Technical success was achieved in the 100% of cases in both groups, but the diagnostical success was higher in the group where patients underwent to lung biopsies with the use of navigation system. We also found that using an augmented reality navigation system increases the diagnostical success rate for lesion <1.5 cm. MLD, DPS and DTP did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients., Conclusions: The use of an augmented reality navigation system for percutaneous CT-guided pulmonary GGO biopsies has demonstrated a lower incidence of post-procedural complications, a significantly reduction of the radiation dose administered to patients and a higher diagnostical success rate., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jtd-21-1285/coif). PC serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Journal of Thoracic Disease from November 2016 to October 2022. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2022 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.)

Background: Most cases of breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) undergo surgical intervention. We aimed to analyze the outcome of B3 lesion subtypes in a large series of screen-detected cases., Methods: We screened 2,986 core needle biopsies to classify B3 lesions. Positive predictive values (PPVs) for malignancy were calculated for a comprehensive risk characterization according to clinicopathologic and morphologic variables., Results: B3 lesions comprised 35% atypical ductal hyperplasia (PPV = 20%), 16.7% flat epithelial atypia (PPV = 12%), 22.7% lobular neoplasia (PPV = 16.2%), 9% papillary lesion (PPV = 18.5%), 8.6% phyllodes tumor (PPV = 3.8%), and 8% radial scars (PPV = 4.1%) based on histopathologic diagnosis. Upgrade rates were 15.9% for calcifications, 13.7% for mass lesions, and 16.7% for architectural deformities, with 8.3% of malignant lesions classified as ductal carcinoma in situ and 6.7% as invasive cancers (PPV = 15%)., Conclusion: B3 lesions entail a heterogeneous risk of malignancy, and careful radiologic-pathologic correlation is required for optimal treatment.