1. Origin of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8 Outbreak in Cyprus, September 2016.
- Author
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Rajko-Nenow P, Christodoulou V, Thurston W, Ropiak HM, Savva S, Brown H, Qureshi M, Alvanitopoulos K, Gubbins S, Flannery J, and Batten C
- Subjects
- Animals, Bluetongue mortality, Bluetongue transmission, Bluetongue virus classification, Bluetongue virus isolation & purification, Cattle virology, Ceratopogonidae virology, Cyprus epidemiology, Female, Goats virology, Phylogeny, RNA, Viral genetics, Reassortant Viruses genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Serogroup, Sheep virology, Bluetongue epidemiology, Bluetongue virus genetics, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Genome, Viral
- Abstract
In September 2016, clinical signs, indicative of bluetongue, were observed in sheep in Cyprus. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) was detected in sheep, indicating the first incursion of this serotype into Cyprus. Following virus propagation, Nextera XT DNA libraries were sequenced on the MiSeq instrument. Full-genome sequences were obtained for five isolates CYP2016/01-05 and the percent of nucleotide sequence (% nt) identity between them ranged from 99.92% to 99.95%, which corresponded to a few (2-5) amino acid changes. Based on the complete coding sequence, the Israeli ISR2008/13 (98.42-98.45%) was recognised as the closest relative to CYP2016/01-05. However, the phylogenetic reconstruction of CYP2016/01-05 revealed that the possibility of reassortment in several segments: 4, 7, 9 and 10. Based on the available sequencing data, the incursion BTV-8 into Cyprus most likely occurred from the neighbouring countries (e.g., Israel, Lebanon, Syria, or Jordan), where multiple BTV serotypes were co-circulating rather than from Europe (e.g., France) where a single BTV-8 serotype was dominant. Supporting this hypothesis, atmospheric dispersion modelling identified wind-transport events during July-September that could have allowed the introduction of BTV-8 infected midges from Lebanon, Syria or Israel coastlines into the Larnaca region of Cyprus., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2020
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