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This case report describes orthodontic treatment of an adult female with severe skeletal Class II malocclusion on a Class II skeletal base complicated by deficient chin, condylar resorption and anterior open bite (The IOFTN score = 4.4, ANB °=11.3, SN-MP °=58.2). Treatment carried out with 4 1st premolar extractions and using two mini-implants (diameter: 1.6 mm; length: 10 mm; Cibei Medical Instruments, Ningbo, China) that were inserted between the maxillary first molar and second premolar to intrude the bilateral maxillary first molars using elastic traction. Alveolar bone dehiscences were detected on the palatal or lingual side of the anterior teeth roots after orthodontic camouflage treatment. During the 3-year follow-up period, acceptable periodontal health and favourable alveolar bone modeling of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were detected. No further lesions developed in the condyle during the treatment period. This case confirmed that the capacity of palatal or lingual alveolar bone remodeling, which might be greater than previously believed, but the specific mechanism is still unclear., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The authors declare they have the ethics approval and consent to participate in this case report. Consent for publication: Written informed consent were obtained from patient for publication of this case report. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the alveolar bone mucosa- periosteal bone flap technique in horizontally augmenting the alveolar ridge during dental implant placement. This retrospective analysis included 20 patients with a total of 45 implants, and was designed to evaluate the alveolar ridge widths both before and after surgery. Preoperative measurements indicated an average alveolar ridge width of 3.62 ± 0.90 mm, which increased to 6.58 ± 1.16 mm postoperatively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in alveolar ridge width following the procedure (P < 0.05), with an average gain of 2.96 ± 1.21 mm. In summary, these findings suggest that the alveolar bone mucosa-periosteal bone flap technique is an effective approach for widening the alveolar ridge while placing dental implants, meriting its consideration for clinical application., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study protocol was developed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Haikou People's Hospital (Ref. 2016–019). The patients participating in the present work signed the consent forms. Prior to data collection, written informed consent was carefully read to all patients and verbal informed consent was received from each patient, which was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Haikou People's Hospital. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

The aim of the present study was to analyze palatal marginal alveolar exostosis (PMAE) and palatal torus (PT). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the maxilla in multiplanar sections and volumetric renderings were used to assess this. PT and PMAE were classified according to location and morphology. Height, width, length, and thickness of the overlying mucosa were determined. The prevalence of PT and PMAE was assessed according to sex and age group. The correlation between the occurrence of PMAE and PT was also evaluated. A total of 385 CBCT scans were examined. PT was found in 38.70% of the sample and located more frequently in the middle third of the maxilla (52.35%) with a flat shape (42.95%). PMAE was found in 54.80% of the sample, bilaterally in 56.40% of the cases, and located more frequently in the molar region (62.42%) in the form of small nodules (36.97%). The mucosa covering PMAE was generally thicker than that over PT. The use of CBCT for the identification of PT and PMAE in vivo showed high frequencies of both conditions. The occurrence of PMAE was independent of the presence of PT., (© 2024 Anatomical Society.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare open versus closed healing of soft and hard tissue following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures in damaged extraction sockets., Materials and Methods: ARP was performed in five mongrel dogs using collagenated deproteinized bovine bone mineral (cDBBM) and a resorbable non-cross-linked collagen membrane (NCCM) in damaged extraction sockets, with each socket entrance left either open (open group) or closed (closed group). Clinical wound epithelization at the socket entrance and the dimensions of keratinized tissue were evaluated over time. Additionally, the augmented ridge dimensions and new bone formation were assessed radiographically and histologically at 8 weeks after surgery., Results: The dimensions of the socket entrance gradually decreased in the open group, and wound epithelization was almost complete within 4 weeks. The mucogingival junction was maintained more apically in the open group than in the closed group (0.14 ± 0.40 mm vs. -0.86 ± 0.71 mm [mean ± SD], p < 0.05). The augmented ridge dimensions did not differ significantly between the open and closed groups (93.1% ± 5.4% vs. 88.3% ± 11.2%, p > 0.05). Histological analyses revealed no significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone. However, membrane resorption in the crestal region was more pronounced in the open group., Conclusion: Open and closed healing approaches for ARP in extraction sockets with damaged buccal wall resulted in similar ridge dimensions and new bone formation. However, there was less reduction of the buccal bone crest and wider keratinized tissue width after open healing., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the histomorphometric findings of autogenous tooth grafting (ATG) for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), using graft material from extracted teeth. Variations by sex, age and location of extracted teeth, as well as any associated complications, were also assessed., Materials and Methods: This prospective, single-cohort study was conducted using ATG placed in extraction sockets. After 5 months healing, bone biopsies were collected during implant placement and analyzed histomorphometrically to assess new vital bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue. The results underwent statistical analysis; non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney test for independent samples and the Kruskal-Wallis test) were applied., Results: 27 patients (16 females, 11 males) underwent 36 ARP procedures. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a mean percentage of new vital bone of 29.14 % ( ± 10.86), residual tooth graft of 10.84 % ( ± 6.82), and intertrabecular connective tissue of 59.87 % ( ± 10.56). No significant differences were found in relation to age, sex or location., Conclusions: ATG appears to be a promising material for ARP, without significant complications. Further comparative studies are needed to better understand this material's behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Background: Between adjacent dental implants, an interimplant distance (IID) of at least 3 mm has been recommended to avoid resorbing the interproximal crestal bone. The effect of a 2 mm IID on crestal bone loss has been investigated but the literature is scarce when it comes to an IID of 1 mm. There is a need to document such clinical situations when they occur and elucidate if such a narrow IID is deleterious or not to the interproximal crest. The present case deals with an IID of 1 mm in the premolar area where, for the first time, the fate of an interimplant crest is reported after a 10-year follow-up., Case Presentation: A 57-year-old patient attended with 2 hopeless maxillary premolars. The mesio-distal space available for implant rehabilitation was too narrow to receive standard diameter implants and keep an inter-implant distance (IID) of 3 mm as recommended by accepted guidelines. A protocol of immediate implant placement and provisionalization involving 2 implants of Ø 3.5 mm was implemented; placement in the extraction sockets resulted in an IID of 1 mm. After 3 months of healing the final prosthesis was delivered; the patient has been followed for 10 years now. Surprisingly, the findings showed that the interimplant crest was maintained 1.40 mm coronal to the shoulder of the neck of the implants. Bone completely filled the space between the prosthetic concave abutments and the interproximal papilla was closing the embrasure. The literature reports only 2 experimental studies involving a 1 mm IID; both showed that this did not lead to the resorption of the interproximal bone., Conclusions: Unexpectedly, the present case with an IID of 1 mm did not lead to the resorption of the interproximal bone after 10 years. It is speculated that the reason for that is due to the implants displaying an internal conical connection, the platform-switching feature, concave abutments and subcrestal placement. The fate of the interproximal crest of implants placed with an IID of 1 mm lacks scientific evidence. More studies are warranted to elucidate this question in order to propose the best implant treatment in cases displaying a limited mesio-distal space., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: The treatment was conducted in accordance with the latest Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient. Consent for publication: Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient to use her data. Competing interests: D.M.S and S.S.M receive consulting fees from the dental implant manufacturer mentioned in this paper. The other authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

The present study investigates the potential contribution of Photobiomodulation (PBM) to the regeneration of the bone following the extraction of the first mandibular molar in rats. The study evaluates the efficacy of PBM, using both Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Light-Emitting Diode Therapy (LEDT), as promotors of osteoblastic activity and the formation of new bone. Study design, setting, and sample: 45 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups of 15 individuals - (i) control group (left lower molar removed only), (ii) the LLL group (molar removed, followed by LLLT), and (iii) the LED group (molar removed, followed by LEDT). Each of these groups was divided into three subgroups of five rats, which were monitored for 7, 14 or 28 days following the extraction of the tooth. For analysis, the bone of the right mandibular hemiarch was extracted and the specimens were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Microscopic morphological analysis revealed that the LED therapy had promoted greater bone remodeling activity at 7 and 14 days post-extraction, whereas the LLLT promoted the generation of more mature bone tissue, but more slowly overall. The quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in the area of bone activity and the osteoblast count in both PBM groups in comparison with the control. Photobiomodulation, using either low-level laser or LED therapy, is effective for both bone regeneration and osteoblast activity following dental injury in rats. While the LED therapy initially presented higher levels of remodeling activity, the laser produced more mature bone tissue over time. These findings indicate that PBM is a promising therapeutic alternative for healing bone, with the potential for the improvement of postoperative outcomes in dental practise., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval for animal studies: The animal study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA) of CESUPA (Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará) under protocol number 02/2022, on May 12, 2022. The study adhered to the principles of Law No. 11.794, October 8, 2008, and Decree No. 6.899, July 15, 2009, as well as the guidelines of the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA)., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The stability of soft and hard tissues surrounding the implant is not only a matter of aesthetics, but also affects the long-term stability of the implant. The present study was to explore the influence of buccal mucosa width/height (W/H) ratio, emergence profile and buccal bone width on peri-implant soft and hard tissue changes in the posterior region., Methods: Fifty-eight posterior implant restoration cases were recruited in this study. Evaluations were performed at the time of restoration placement (T0), and 1 year later (T1). Buccal mucosa width (BMW), buccal bone width (BBW), implant buccal inclination angle, and emergence angle were evaluated. The variables that may affect buccal mucosa recession (MR) as well as vertical bone loss (VBL) were analyzed., Results: The BMW at baseline was 2.93 ± 1.01 mm. The BBW at baseline was 1.50 ± 0.82 mm. The buccal mucosa W/H ratio at 1 year (1.23 ± 0.38) was significantly lower than that at baseline (1.42 ± 0.45). Buccal MR was - 0.22 ± 0.47 mm while VBL was 0.81 ± 0.80 mm. The correlation between MR and initial BMW (r=-0.381), initial W/H ratio (r=-0.422), BBW (r=-0.290) was statistically significant. The correlation between VBL and initial BMW (r=-0.421), initial W/H ratio (r=-0.305), implant buccal inclination angle (r = 0.507), BBW (r=-0.556) was statistically significant., Conclusions: Within the scope of this study, implant sites in the posterior region presenting a thin BMW, a thin BBW, and a small W/H ratio are more prone to exhibit buccal mucosa recession and vertical bone loss., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Hospital of Stomatology (approval number PKUSSIRB-201840189). This trial was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn ) at 25th March, 2019, the number is ChiCTR1900022101. Written informed consent was obtained from individual or guardian participants. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Objective: To study the biomechanical changes induced by differences in perioral force in patients with missing anterior maxillary teeth at rest via finite element analysis (FEA)., Methods: Using conical beam CT (CBCT) images of a healthy person, models of the complete maxillary anterior dental region (Model A) and maxillary anterior dental region with a missing left maxillary central incisor (Model B) were constructed. The labial and palatine alveolar bone and tooth surface of the bilateral incisor and cusp regions were selected as the application sites, the resting perioral force was applied perpendicular to the tissue surface, and the changes in maxillary stress and displacement after the perioral force was simulated were analyzed., Results: Compared with Model A, the labial alveolar bone in the missing tooth area of Model B shows significant stress concentration under the action of perioral force. This adverse stress is distributed in an inverted V-shape, concentrated at the top of the labial alveolar ridge and gradually decreases toward the root., Conclusion: In the resting state, labial soft tissue exerts adverse stress on the alveolar ridge in areas missing maxillary anterior teeth. This stress may affect alveolar bone healing, causing a reduction in alveolar bone width., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jinan Stomatological Hospital (Approval Number: JNSKQYY-2021-022) and was conducted in accordance with the 2013 revised version of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from the individual participants included in the study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. In this study, there were no details, images, or videos related to an individual person needed to be agreed to publish. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of short and long-term application of low-level laser therapy on the mandibular alveolar process of osteoporotic rats. Forty adult male albino rats were included in this study. After animal grouping, the experimental group received dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg b.wt./day for 60 days) for the induction of osteoporosis, then the rats were treated using LLLT (830 nm, 100 mW, at 60 J/cm 2 ). The lower jaw specimens were collected and processed for histological, molecular, and histomorphometric assessments. The osteoporotic group exhibited alveolar bone resorption, accompanied by significantly upregulated RANKL and downregulated OPG mRNA expression. The short-term application of laser group showed alveolar bone partial improvement with slightly downregulated RANKL and slightly upregulated OPG levels. The long-term application of laser group showed dramatic positive changes in the alveolar bone, with markedly downregulated RANKL and upregulated OPG levels. LLLT shows potential as a low-risk and impactful local management for osteoporosis, with long-term laser application demonstrably improving bone quality, quantity, and organization compared to short-term application., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: This research was conducted after the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University (approval number: 403/2021), following the ethical guidelines of animal care. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Animal welfare: This research was following the animal welfare guidelines., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a self-limiting benign disease with slow progression in which the normal bone is replaced by dysplastic fibrous tissue. The craniofacial skeleton is one of the most commonly affected areas, and it can create unique challenges in dental implant therapy. This case aims to report an unusual presentation of FD localized in the alveolar crest bone of the edentulous site, causing special obstacles to implant placement, and provide a diagnostic and treatment process that may be referenced., Case Presentation: A 32-year-old female patient presented with an abnormal expansion of the alveolar crest on the edentulous site of the mandibular first molar, which caused insufficient inter-arch space and pseudo-pocket in the adjacent teeth, previous medical history of residual root that existed for many years before tooth extraction was identified retrospectively. FD was diagnosed by the clinical, radiographic, and pathological examination, and the curettage was performed to remove abnormal bone tissue and obtain adequate restorative space for further implant therapy. This intervention was followed by histologically confirmed healing and successfully integrated implant placement., Conclusion: We described an unreported pathogenic site of FD that occurred at the alveolar ridge of the edentulous site, which ended up with satisfactory oral implant rehabilitation through 5-year sequential diagnosis and treatment., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient, and all the treatment protocols of the case report were carried out according to relevant guidelines and regulations and approved by the Ethical Committee of the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (LCYJ2023017). The names of the participants were kept confidential, and only the data were available to the study investigators. Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication of clinical details and clinical images was obtained from the patient. A copy of the consent form is available for review by the Editor of this journal. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This article describes a hypothesis for bone recovery after iatrogenic dehiscences or fenestrations. When roots are moved out of the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament and periosteum form a bilayer membrane (sandwich) over the exposed root. If the root is allowed to relapse back toward its original position, bone recovery will occur between the periodontal ligament and periosteum., (Copyright © 2025 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to assess the positional accuracy during the sequence of static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) according to the anatomical characteristics of the alveolar ridge., Material and Methods: Maxillary bone models with six single tooth gaps including clinical scenarios of healed alveolar ridge (HR), single-rooted (SRS), and three-rooted socket (TRS) morphologies were used in this study. Positional deviations during implant placement procedures were evaluated after the pilot osteotomy (PD), final osteotomy (FD), and implant placement with respect to the pre-planned implant position by using a software package. ANOVA and post hoc analyses were performed., Results: A total of 90 implants were included in this study. Higher mean angular, crestal, and apical deviations were found after the PD and FD (3.5 ± 2.4°, 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.4 ± 0.8 mm versus 3.6 ±2.2°, 0.6 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.2 ± 0.6 mm) compared to IP (2.8 ± 1.6°, 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.2 ± 0.5 mm, p ≤ 0.004). Implants placed in TRS demonstrated higher mean angular, crestal, and apical deviations (4.0 ± 1.7°, 0.8 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.6 ± 0.5 mm) compared to implants placed in SRS (2.5 ± 1.2°, 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.1 ± 0.4 mm) or HR (2.0 ± 0.9°, 0.5 ± 0.3 mm, and 0.8 ± 0.4 mm, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Positional deviations during sCAIS procedures are initiated with the first implant osteotomy and persist throughout the drilling sequence. However, deviations slightly decreased after implant placement. The alveolar ridge morphology is strongly associated with positional deviations. Higher deviations were observed in three-rooted and single-rooted sockets simulating an immediate approach compared to healed sites simulating a delayed protocol., (© 2023 by the American College of Prosthodontists.)

Background: To date, the clinical evidence regarding the effectiveness of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in restricting alveolar bone height and width change after extraction at periodontally compromised molar extraction sockets still remains controversial. This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate the effect of ARP in molars extracted for periodontal reasons., Methods: Retrospective data were collected from patient electronic records from January 2019 to December 2023. Patients with Stage III/IV periodontitis who underwent extraction of molars for periodontal reasons were screened for eligibility. The outcomes included the horizontal and vertical dimensions of alveolar bone. The need for additional augmentation procedure during implantation was also evaluated. A linear regression model was used to adjust for known confounders., Results: A total of 80 sockets were included in this study, of which 27 sockets received ARP therapy after extraction while 53 sockets experienced natural healing (NH). ARP resulted in significantly less bone height change in the periodontally compromised molar sites compared to the NH group (p < 0.001). In sockets displaying a height disparity of >2 mm between the buccal and palatal/lingual walls, the ARP group exhibited advantageous outcomes in terms of ridge width change, surpassing the NH group (p = 0.004). Moreover, the percentage for additional augmentation was significantly reduced in the ARP compared to the NH group (p = 0.006). Age, sex, smoking, jaw, location, and buccal wall thickness did not show any significant effect on bone height change., Conclusion: ARP had benefits on limiting ridge resorption subsequent to molar extraction for periodontal reasons., (© 2024 American Academy of Periodontology.)

Background: Existing literature supports the efficacy of PAOO in augmenting alveolar bone volume and facilitating orthodontic tooth movement. However, there is a paucity of literature addressing its application in the treatment of adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion. This retrospective clinical study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of camouflage orthodontic treatment combined with and without PAOO in adult patients presenting with skeletal Class III malocclusion., Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 38 patients with mild to moderate skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent orthodontic treatment. Patients were divided into two cohorts: the experimental group, which underwent the PAOO procedure combined with orthodontic treatment, and the control group, which received traditional camouflage orthodontic treatment alone. Radiographic assessments, including lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, were conducted before treatment (T0) and after treatment (T1) to evaluate changes in maxillary incisor inclination, alveolar bone thickness, and various skeletal and soft tissue parameters., Results: The experimental group exhibited a significant reduction in the axial inclination of the maxillary incisors after treatment (P < 0.05; U1-PP, -4.97 ± 5.23°). The root apex of the maxillary incisors moved labially, and the A-point moved forward. In contrast, the control group demonstrated significant proclination of the maxillary incisors (P < 0.05; U1-PP, 6.80 ± 7.89°). The ANB assessments demonstrated significant improvements (P < 0.05; 3.03 ± 1.62°), with a significant difference between groups that favored the experimental group. Nasolabial angle and G Vert-Sn increased significantly only in the experimental group (P < 0.05; Nasolabial A, 9.47 ± 12.67°; G Vert-Sn, 2.19 ± 2.56 mm). Compared with T0, labial bone thickness significantly increased in the experimental group at T1, while it decreased significantly in the control group., Conclusion: The integration of PAOO with orthodontic treatment appears to enhance labial alveolar bone augmentation and facilitate the labial movement of maxillary incisor roots in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Concurrently, it results in significant improvements in patients' aesthetics of both soft and hard tissue profiles., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the human subjects ethics board of the Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Stomatology Hospital (2023LL08) and was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. The informed consent was obtained from all the participants enrolled in the present study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: It has been suggested that 1-2 mm of bone width at the buccal and lingual aspect is required for a successful long-term implant outcome. Low levels of evidence support this minimum threshold of bone width. This prospective study aimed at evaluating the outcome of implants placed in alveolar ridges with limited bucco-oral dimensions., Materials and Methods: One-hundred implants (dia. 3.5 mm) were placed in 28 patients with narrow alveolar ridge dimensions (<4.5 mm width) without augmentation procedures and conventionally loaded. Intra-oral radiographs were taken at implant placement and abutment connection and at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years of follow-up. At the 10-year follow-up (21 patients; 75 implants), full-mouth periodontal charting was performed, and the peri-implant keratinized tissue width and attachment type were recorded. Two calibrated periodontists analysed the peri-implant bone changes., Results: After 10 years, all implants showed successful osseointegration and a cumulative survival rate of 100%. The implants were placed 0.85 mm ± 0.89 mm subcrestally. After 10 years, the marginal bone was located 1.59 ± 2.11 mm apical to the implant shoulder. Throughout this period of follow-up, the mean annual marginal bone loss was 0.094 mm. Furthermore, 84% of implants in 72% of patients presented with bleeding on probing., Conclusion: After 10 years of functional loading, implants placed in alveolar ridges with limited bucco-oral dimensions (≤4.5 mm) exhibited only minimum marginal bone loss., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: To investigate the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars in skeletal Class III patients from a buccolingual direction., Methods: Sixty skeletal Class III patients were recruited. The alveolar bone width, buccal cortical bone thickness and lingual cortical bone thickness were measured in five planes from mesial to distal and at five depths from gingival to root. The effects of the gender of the patients, the second molar lingual inclination and the third molar on alveolar bone width and cortical bone thickness were evaluated. To explore the effect of third molar extraction on alveolar bone morphology, the measurements before and after third molar extraction were compared., Results: The impacted third molar had significantly greater alveolar bone width and thicker buccal cortical bone at the cervical third of the molar, while the erupted third molar had greater alveolar bone width at the apical third. Three weeks after third molar extraction, these advantages would weaken owing to the reconstruction of the alveolar bone. Patients with lingually inclined molar were observed to own thicker lingual cortical bone. Males tended to have greater alveolar bone width, but no significant differences were shown in this study., Conclusions: The growth of the third molar and the second molar lingual inclination affect the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars significantly, but gender has trivial effects on the morphology. The alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars would change 3 weeks after third molar extraction., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the split-box technique, a novel technique that combines the ridge splitting and split bone block techniques., Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, alveolar ridge defects were grafted using the split-box technique and its modifications, reverse split box and sliding split box. To determine horizontal changes in the alveolar bone, thickness was measured at two levels: crest width (CW) and screw level width (SLW). Alveolar ridge height (ARH) was also measured to detect a possible loss of vertical dimension. Measurements were performed using cone-beam computed tomography taken before the operation (T0) and at five months after the operation (T1)., Results: Of a total of 41 patients included, 21 were females and 20 were males with a mean age of 44.5 ± 13.3 years. A total of 64 regions were augmented. Among the augmented regions, split-box technique was used in 31 regions, reverse split-box technique was used in 14 regions, and sliding split-box technique was used in 19 regions. The increase at the SLW, CW and the decrease in ARH from T0 to T1 was statistically significant (p < 0.005). A significant difference was found between split box and its modifications in terms of bone gain at the screw level, and the sliding box technique was associated with more bone gain than the other two methods (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Split-box technique provides a comparable net gain in the alveolar crest width with lower complication risk than ridge split technique and lower postoperative morbidity than split bone block technique., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Aim: A new, non-invasive approach suggests using single intraoral optical scanning to analyze the ridge profile of single-tooth gaps following alveolar ridge preservation in the absence of a baseline scan. This method involves creating a three-dimensional (3D) surface map to identify and assess contour changes and ridge profiles based on the adjacent teeth., Materials and Methods: The present study was designed as a cross-sectional pilot analysis on a convenience sample of patients undergoing alveolar ridge preservation. Intraoral optical scans were taken on 23 patients, capturing data from 30 edentulous sites. The digital models were then imported into an image analysis software for a 3D surface defect map analysis performed by one examiner. This analysis characterized the buccolingual profile of the single tooth gap relative to the adjacent teeth. 10 linear divergence points, spaced 0.5 mm apart in a corona-apical direction, were identified at the midfacial aspect of the sites. Based on these points the sites were plotted and grouped in three different buccolingual profiles (linear, concave, and convex). Clinical parameters including Keratinized mucosa Width (KMW), and soft tissue phenotype with Colorvue biotype probes were also recorded., Results: Three different buccolingual patterns (linear, convex, and concave) were identified. Seven sites exhibited a linear profile, 10 sites displayed a concave shape, and 13 showed a convex profile. The linear profile had surface discrepancies similar to the neighboring teeth. In contrast, the convex profile revealed mid-buccal discrepancy localized only at the crestal aspect, while the concave had an extended divergence ranging from 1 to 5 mm below the soft tissue margin. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses did not reveal any statistically significant variables influencing profilometric analysis; however, when combining phenotype and KMW, thick phenotypes demonstrated a higher proportion of concavity (OR = 4.83) compared to thin ones, suggesting a significant trend. With every 1 mm of increase in KMW, the probability of showing a concavity decreased (p = 0.057)., Conclusion: A 3D surface defect map represents a useful tool for objectively quantifying ridge defects and profiles by assessing profilometric and surface differences compared to adjacent dentition using a single intraoral scan. This method also indicates that KMW may play a critical role in preventing concavity defects. The 3D defect map can guide decision-making during soft tissue augmentation procedures by emphasizing the specific location of the defect and providing more detailed insights into its localization. These parameters can enable the tailoring of flap management and soft tissue grafting strategies to address the patient's individual needs., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives: Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and periodontal lesions are common diseases that have an undeniable effect on teeth maintenance and health. Current diagnostic methods include probing, intraoral radiography, and panoramic radiography; each has its limitations. In this study, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of interdental ABL., Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, panoramic and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 80 patients were collected from the archives of an oral and maxillofacial radiology center. The amount of ABL was obtained by measuring the distance from the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest on both panoramic and CBCT images. Patients were divided into healthy (ABL ≤ 2 mm) and diseased (2 mm < ABL) groups in terms of periodontal disease., Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the average ABL in the premolar, maxillary molar, and mandibular molar areas between the two techniques. However, in other areas, the ABL size was significantly lower in the panoramic view (p < 0.05). Also, the panoramic technique correctly recognized 89.1% of normal and 88.4% of ABL cases. The overall accuracy of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of ABL was 85%, indicating the good accuracy of this technique. In maxilla, the highest diagnostic accuracy of the panoramic technique was in the molars, and the lowest was in the incisors. In the mandible, the highest and lowest diagnostic accuracy of the panoramic technique was related to molars and premolars, respectively. According to the kappa statistic, there was a significant good to very good agreement between the two types of techniques in all maxillary areas (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Panoramic radiography is accurate in showing ABL. Measuring ABL in the posterior mandibular areas in panoramic radiographs is quite reliable; however, in general, digital panoramic radiography shows less ABL than the actual amount., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effect of age and gender on the alveolar bone destruction pattern with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the posterior region of the maxilla., Materials and Methods: The study group included CBCT image records of 361 consecutive patients (180 males and 181 females) aged 20 years and older. Alveolar crest morphology in the maxillary right and left first and second molar teeth on retrospective images was classified as a horizontal or vertical defect (one-walled, two-walled, three-walled, and combined bone defect) on four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatinal). Bone crater defects were defined, and furcation involvements and combined periodontal-endodontic lesions (CPELs) were placed in another category., Results: In 361 patients, 1444 teeth were evaluated from adults between 20 and 63 years of age; 49.9% of the patients were male and 50.1% were female. Female patients had a considerably greater rate of one-walled horizontal damage in the right molar teeth than male patients (p = 0.002; p < 0.05). Patients with combined horizontal destruction in the right and left molar teeth, horizontal destruction in the palatinal, and horizontal three-walled destruction had a significantly higher mean age than patients without these periodontal destructions (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Males were shown to have statistically higher frequencies of horizontal defects when defects were combined or distally and palatally located., Conclusions: Age and gender affect the alveolar bone loss pattern. Except for single-walled destructions, it has been found that the frequency of horizontal destruction increases with age. Horizontal destruction in the palatinal along with horizontal three-walled destruction increased with age., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the non-inferiority of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) with membrane stabilization compared with non-stabilization, focusing on changes of soft-tissue contour in periodontally compromised extraction sockets. Secondary outcomes included changes in hard-tissue contour, patient-reported outcomes and new bone formation., Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with periodontally compromised teeth were randomly assigned to ARP with (test group) or without (control group) membrane stabilization. To assess profilometric and hard-tissue dimensional changes, dental impressions and cone beam computed tomography scans were performed at baseline (T0), immediately after ARP (T1) and 4 months post surgery (T2). Soft-tissue healing in open healing sites was evaluated at T2, and wound closure was assessed 10 days post surgery. Patient-reported outcomes were documented, and core biopsies were obtained for histomorphometric analysis., Results: The absolute profilometric horizontal width change at 3 mm below the crest in the test group was not inferior to that in the control group. For the relative values, horizontal width reduction (3 and 5 mm below the crest) and volumetric shrinkage (3-5 mm below the crest) were lower in the test group. No significant differences were observed in bone dimensional changes, wound healing, pain and swelling or histomorphometric outcomes., Conclusion: ARP with membrane stabilization in periodontally compromised extraction sockets is non-inferior in terms of soft-tissue contour changes to those without membrane fixation., Trial Registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), KCT0005280. Registered 4 August 2020, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=19165&search&#95;page=L., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The aim of this study was to explore the differences in alveolar bone structure characteristics in skeletal class II and class III malocclusion in the mandibular incisor region. From January 2021 to November 2023, 100 cases of skeletal malocclusion patients were selected from our hospital, including 56 cases of skeletal Class II malocclusion and 44 cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion. The alveolar bone structure characteristics in the mandibular incisor region of skeletal class II and class III malocclusion patients are compared. The labial alveolar bone attachment height and lingual alveolar bone attachment height were compared between patients with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusion (P < .05). The labial alveolar bone thickness at the root apex in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion was (3.96 ± 0.63) mm, which was higher than that in Class III malocclusion patients (P < .05). In patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion, the cementoenamel junction was 2, 4, 6 mm below, and at the root apex, the alveolar bone thickness was (0.19 ± 0.05) mm, (0.93 ± 0.10) mm, (2.10 ± 0.10) mm, and (12.26 ± 2.10) mm, respectively, which was higher than that in Class III malocclusion patients (P < .05). In patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion, the labial side alveolar bone area at the root apex was (3.89 ± 0.72) mm2, which was higher than in Class III malocclusion patients (P < .05). On the lingual side, the alveolar bone thickness below cementoenamel junction at 6 mm and at the root apex was (1.95 ± 0.45) mm2 and (1.92 ± 0.51) mm2, respectively, which were higher than in Class III malocclusion patients (P < .05). Compared to skeletal Class II malocclusion, in skeletal Class III malocclusion, the alveolar bone thickness in the mandibular incisor area is thinner and narrower. This should be given special attention during orthodontic treatment., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of systemically administered anti-sclerostin antibodies (Anti-Scl Ab) on orthodontic tooth movements (OTM) in an ovariectomized rat., Methods: Twenty-four 12-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: (1) ovariectomy (OVX) group, (2) ovariectomy + romosozumab (ROMO) group. OTM was performed 8 weeks after OVX. The ROMO group received subcutaneous injections of romosozumab twice a week, starting two weeks after OVX. Eight weeks after the OVX, an orthodontic force of 50 g was measured and applied by connecting orthodontic elastic bands between the maxillary first molar and a mini-screw to facilitate tooth movement (orthodontic treatment). Subsequently, the three rats were sacrificed on days 5, 7, 10, and 14. The plaster models were scanned to measure the amount of tooth movement. The effects on alveolar bone and periodontal tissues were evaluated through micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis., Results: The ROMO group showed more tooth movement on day 7 of orthodontic treatment. Conversely, on days 10 and 14, relatively less movement was observed. Analysis of the root furcation area of the maxillary first molars revealed that from the 7th day, BV/TV, Tb.N., Tb.Th. increased, while Tb.Sp. decreased in the ROMO group. More TRAP-positive cells were observed in the compression side of the OVX group, the ROMO group exhibited a marked decrease in the positive expression of the RANKL, OPG, and sclerostin. The OPG/RANKL ratio showed significant differences in expression between the two groups. The ROMO group exhibited a higher OPG/RANKL ratio than the OVX group, and the tension side exhibited a higher OPG/RANKL ratio demonstrating significant differences., Conclusion: Romosozumab initially accelerated tooth movements, but later decreased tooth movement. As new alveolar bone is formed, the micro-CT parameters are also improved. Osteoclasts, RANKL, OPG, and sclerostin decreased, while the OPG/RANKL ratio became higher., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All the animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yonsei Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (AICUC 2020-0010). Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Volumetric resorption of the alveolar ridge often occurs in both horizontal and vertical directions following tooth extraction. There is a specific lack of evidence for alveolar ridge reconstruction at molar and premolar sites with severe bone resorption. This randomized controlled trial used 3D and linear analyses to evaluate volumetric changes of the alveolar bone following alveolar ridge reconstruction (ARR) at molar and premolar sites with severe bone resorption as compared to unassisted socket healing before implant placement. A total of 31 patients (15 men, 16 women) with > 50% hard tissue loss in one or more socket walls were recruited and randomized into either a test group (postextraction ARR using deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen [DBBM-C] and platelet-rich fibrin [PRF] with a resorbable collagen membrane) or a control group (natural healing after extraction). The clinical, linear, and volumetric implant-related and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed after 4 months of healing. Linear bone assessments revealed significantly greater ridge width gains in the test group (25% in the mesial, midfacial, and distal aspects) and less reduction of vertical bone ridge than in the control group (P < .05). Further, volumetric bone remodeling was significantly higher in the test group (35.1% ± 34.9% for ARR, 14.2% ± 12.8% for control; P < .05). Patient-reported discomfort and keratinized mucosal changes were comparable between groups. ARR with a combination of DBBM-C, PRF, and a resorbable membrane at posterior sites with a severe socket wall deficiency (> 50% bone loss) is a safe and more capable therapeutic method when compared to natural healing and unassisted sockets. Collectively, the present analyses demonstrate that ARR represents an efficient method to maintain and augment crestal bone at posterior extraction sites with severe bone defects when assessed after 4 months of healing.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between the serum levels of 25(OH)D and the resorption of the alveolar bone walls and regeneration of the alveolar space after tooth extraction., Methods: 14 adults in need of extraction of hopeless teeth were enrolled. An intraoral digital impression was performed, and each patient was tested to assess serum vitamin D levels. Subsequently, extraction of teeth and contextual guided bone regeneration was performed using porcine origin graft material and a resorbable collagen membrane to covert the defect. After 4 months, an impression was taken, and the model was scanned using a professional scanner for lab. At the same time, a cone beam computed tomography was performed to plan implant insertion through fully digital computer guided surgery. Bone was collected to perform histological and histomorphometric analysis. Pre and postoperative scans were compared using a specific software to estimate the volumetric changes. Tests were applied to investigate the relationship between the different predictor variables and the outcome variables., Results: 14 patients were divided in 3 groups depending on the serum Vit-D levels, identifying three ranges corresponding to low (lower than 20), medium (between 20 and 30), and optimal vitamin D levels (higher than 30). Volumetric contraction after extraction was observed for all patients, without any significant difference between the groups. Focusing on the post-extraction regeneration, patients belonging to the group with lower levels of Vit-D displayed lower and more disorganized levels of bone. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that Col1A1 and Osteocalcin had no physiological alteration. Osteopontin could be identified near the external surface of bone tissue granules. Runx2 signals were detected near the margins of bone trabeculae., Conclusions: Serum vit-D levels do not appear to influence the extent of post-extraction bone contraction; on the contrary, they seem to influence the post-extraction regeneration., Clinical Significance: Vit D serum levels may influence the regenerative aspect during post-extraction turn-over. This might suggest controlling and (in case of low levels) recommend Vit D supplement in the patient diet in case of extraction., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Examine the histomorphometric bone composition, following alveolar ridge preservation techniques and unassisted socket healing., Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients (42) requiring a single rooted tooth extraction were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 14 per group): Group 1: Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) using deproteinised bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a porcine collagen membrane; Group 2: Socket Seal (SS) technique using DBBM and a porcine collagen matrix; Group 3: Unassisted socket healing (Control). Trephined bone biopsies were harvested following a 4-month healing period. Forty-two samples underwent Back-Scattered Electrons -Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSE-SEM) imaging, with 15 samples examined using Xray Micro-Tomography (XMT) (n = 6 for each GBR/SS and n = 3 Control). Images were analysed to determine the percentage (%) of connective tissue, new bone formation, residual DBBM particles and direct bone to DBBM particle contact (osseointegration)., Results: BSE-SEM analysis demonstrated that new bone formation was higher in the Control (45.89% ± 11.48) compared to both GBR (22.12% ± 12.7/p < .004) and SS (27.62% ± 17.76/p < .005) groups. The connective tissue percentage in GBR (49.72% ± 9), SS (47.81% ± 12.57) and Control (47.81% ± 12.57) groups was similar. GBR (28.17% ± 16.64) and SS (24.37% ± 18.61) groups had similar levels of residual DBBM particles. XMT volumetric analysis indicated a lower level of bone and DBBM particles in all test groups, when matched to the BSE-SEM area measurements. Osseointegration levels (DBBM graft and bone) were recorded at 35.66% (± 9.8) for GBR and 31.18% (± 19.38) for SS., Conclusion: GBR and SS ARP techniques presented with less bone formation when compared to unassisted healing. GBR had more direct contact/osseointegration between the DBBM particles and newly formed bone., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical Oral Implants Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Periodontal health in men with HIV remains understudied, despite suggestions of associations between HIV infection and gingival pocketing, periodontal attachment loss, and gingival inflammation. As antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the quality of life for people living with HIV (PLWH), aging-related risk factors and comorbidities, including periodontitis, have emerged. This study aims to assess alveolar bone height, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines, and periodontal disease activity in men with and without HIV., Methods: Ninety-three men (50 HIV+, 43 HIV-) aged 35-70 years were recruited from Columbia University Irving Medical Center clinics. Periodontal examination, GCF collection, and intraoral radiographs were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted with t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables., Results: While no significant differences were observed in bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss and pocket depths, men with HIV exhibited significantly greater alveolar crestal height on radiographs compared to men without HIV (HIV + 3.41+/-1.35 mm, HIV- 2.64+/-1.01 mm; p = 0.004), reflecting greater alveolar bone loss., Conclusions: Men living with HIV demonstrate increased alveolar bone loss compared to those without HIV, possibly mediated by elevated IL6 levels. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive oral health management in PLWH and highlight the need for further research understanding the mechanisms linking HIV infection, cytokine dysregulation, and periodontal health., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: To evaluate the dimensional changes in the alveolar crest after buccal overbuilding was performed prior to tooth extraction in a dog model., Materials and Methods: At the test sites, alveolar crest overbuilding was performed on the buccal aspect of the distal root of the third premolar using xenograft covered with a collagen membrane. No treatment was applied at the control sites. After 3 months, the distal roots of both third premolars were extracted and implants were immediately placed into the alveolus, allowing nonsubmerged healing. After 3 months, biopsy samples were collected., Results: Upon histologic analysis, no statistically significant differences in hard tissue dimensions were found. The buccal bone plate at the test sites presented a tendency for higher resorption compared to the control sites. However, if the contribution of the residue of biomaterial is considered, a higher volumetric gain was registered at the test than at the control sites., Conclusions: The buccal overbuilding performed prior to tooth extraction did not contribute to the preservation of the alveolar crest dimensions after extraction. This could be due to failure to incorporate the graft into the newly formed bone.

Background: This study compared the progression of experimental peri-implantitis between alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and spontaneous healing (SH) sites in infected (IT) and noninfected tooth (NIT)., Methods: Bilateral mandibular third or fourth premolars of six beagle dogs were randomly assigned to IT and NIT groups. Before extraction, chronic dehiscence defects were created at the mesial root of mid-buccal area in IT group. Four weeks later, the mesial roots of the third and fourth premolars were extracted in all groups.ARP procedure was randomly conducted on one side of the extraction sockets using collagenated bovine bone substitutes and resorbable collagen membrane, and contralateral side was allowded spontaneous healing. After 12 weeks of healing, bone-level implants (ϕ 3.6 × 8.0 mm) were placed at the extraction sockets. Three months of ligature induced peri-implantitis and three months of spontaneous progression were allowed, with radiographs taken at each phase. Biopsies were retrieved at the implant site for histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and polarized light-microscopic analyses., Results: Radiography demonstrated that the changes in the marginal bone level during the spontaneous progression period showed no significant differences between ARP and SH sites. Only small and/or nonsignificant differences in the progression of peri-implantitis were observed between ARP and SH sites in histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and polarized light microscopic analyses. Additionally, the IT and NIT groups exhibited similar outcomes for most parameters., Conclusion: ARP with xenogenic bone substitutes might provide similarly robust results as SH sites regarding the progression of experimental peri-implantitis, irrespective of the infected or noninfected nature of the site before tooth extraction., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Periodontology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Periodontology.)

Background: Osseointegrated implant placement in the ideal prosthetic position necessitates a sufficient residual alveolar ridge. Tooth extraction and the subsequent healing process often lead to bony deformities, characterized by a reduction in alveolar ridge height and width, resulting in unfavorable ridge architecture for dental implant placement. Several materials, including allografts, alloplastics, xenografts, and autogenous bone, are commonly used to address these concerns. In this context, leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) emerges as a promising solution., Methods: This case report aims to compare the clinical and histological efficacy of bovine hydroxyapatite bone graft covered with polypropylene membrane (BHAG-PM) and leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in preserving dental alveoli following tooth extraction. Extraction, graft placement in the alveoli, and the anterior border between extracted elements were performed for both treatment groups., Results: Up to 24 months of follow-up revealed satisfactory and comparable clinical and histological outcomes. These results suggest that both BHAG-PM and L-PRF effectively promote alveolar preservation, paving the way for ideal implant placement., Conclusions: In general, bone-substitute materials are effective in reducing alveolar changes after tooth extraction. Xenograft materials should be considered as among the best of the available grafting materials for alveolar preservation after tooth extraction. Both techniques effectively preserve the alveolar bone and facilitate the placement of osseointegrated implants in ideal positions, paving the way for successful oral rehabilitation.

Background: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy are rare, benign neoplasms predominantly affecting the craniofacial region, and they are typically managed through resection with minimal need for reconstruction. However, in exceptional cases, larger or more complex tumors may necessitate open craniofacial approaches, with limited literature detailing the surgical strategies for these scenarios. The authors report a distinctive case of an aggressively expanding melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy in a pediatric patient, describing their approach for the tumor's resection., Methods: A 10-week-old male presented to the hospital with a reported 2 weeks of swelling of the left upper gum line noted by his mother and pediatrician. Preoperative biopsy revealed a soft, fluid-filled lesion, prompting surgical planning for complete excision. Intraoperative assessment with a nasal speculum by ENT, and utilization of a piezoelectric saw by plastic surgery facilitated precise tumor resection. The surgical technique required meticulous dissection, ensuring clear margins while preserving surrounding structures., Results: The tumor, encompassing the alveolus and anterior maxilla, was completely excised with negative margins. Utilization of the piezoelectric saw facilitated safe bone cutting, preserving vital structures while ensuring comprehensive tumor removal. The patient tolerated the procedure well, with no immediate postoperative complications., Conclusions: Complete resection is essential in minimizing the risk of recurrence in MNTI. The utilization of piezoelectric surgery enhances precision and safety in tumor resection, preserving anatomic integrity and optimizing patient outcomes. This case underscores the importance of meticulous surgical techniques in managing craniofacial tumors, advocating for the adoption of advanced surgical tools to improve clinical outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Objectives: To propose a method for evaluating the coordination of maxillomandibular alveolar arch in transverse dimension with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to apply this method to subjects with normal occlusion at different dentition stages or transverse discrepancy., Materials and Methods: Digital data of 130 patients with normal occlusion at different dentition stages or transverse discrepancy were collected for three-dimensional reconstruction. The patients with normal occlusion were divided into Group 1 (>16 years) and Group 2 (≤16 years) based on their age. Adult patients with posterior crossbite were divided into the Group 3. According to the proposed method, the average alveolar arch coordination angle (AACA) and other parameters were analysed in each group. Group 1 was considered as the control group and compared with Group 2 and Group 3., Results: Significant differences were observed in the maxillary posterior segment width among patients with normal occlusion. Group 3 demonstrated increased AACA and mandibular alveolar arch width compared with the normal occlusion group. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between maxillomandibular alveolar arch widths in the normal occlusion groups, with a strong correlation between AACA and the disparity in maxillomandibular widths., Conclusion: Adults with normal occlusion exhibit significantly wider maxillary posterior alveolar arches than adolescents, with no marked difference in mandibular widths. The posterior crossbite group showed broader mandibular alveolar arches. There was a strong correlation between AACA and the difference in maxillomandibular widths. This study's method shows potential value for orthodontic transverse diagnosis., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the estrogen depression during orthodontic tooth movement on alveolar bone microarchitecture and periodontal ligament. Female Wistar rats were divided into two groups, one consisting of non-ovariectomized animals subjected to orthodontic tooth movement, and one comprising ovariectomized animals subjected to orthodontic tooth movement. Micro-CT assessment of bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), total porosity, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) in the alveolar bone of the orthodontically moved tooth was performed. Histomorphometric analyses were made in the periodontal ligament, and immunoexpression of RANK, RANKL, OPG, and TUNEL were quantified. Orthodontic tooth movement in the group of ovariectomized rats was faster than in non-ovariectomized animals. The alveolar bone area showed lower values of BV/TV and trabecular thickness, and higher bone porosity and trabeculae numbers in the ovariectomized rats. Histological analyses in the ovariectomized group revealed an increase in collagen fibers in the periodontal ligament. The apoptotic cell counts in the periodontal ligament were higher in the group of ovariectomized rats than in the sham-operated rats. Ovariectomy resulted in an increase in tooth movement and alteration of the alveolar bone microstructure in the first 7 day of orthodontic tooth movement, and in the presence of apoptotic cells in the periodontal ligament., (© 2024 Scandinavian Division of the International Association for Dental Research. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: This study aimed to assess hard and soft tissue contour changes following micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation (MCF-ARP) and natural healing (NH) in periodontally compromised molar extraction sites and to analyse the feasibility and need for bone augmentation during implant therapy., Materials and Methods: Fifty-six patients with 70 sites were randomized into two groups at the site level (35 sites from 31 patients in the test group and 35 sites from 29 patients in the control group). Among whom, four patients contributed one tooth to the control group and one tooth to the test group. Hard tissue indicators were measured using cone beam computed tomography performed before tooth extraction and 6 months after surgery. Soft tissue contour changes were assessed using intraoral scanning performed before and immediately after surgery and also 2 weeks and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery., Results: Six months after surgery, the MCF-ARP group showed less resorption in buccal bone height (p = .032) and greater augmentation in central bone height (p = .001) and ridge width (p = .009). The mean, vertical and horizontal collapse of buccal soft tissue contour in the MCF-ARP group were 0.95 mm (p = .010), 0.61 mm (p = .019) and 0.56 mm (p = .013) less than that in the NH group, respectively. There were significantly (p = .007) fewer sites in the MCF-ARP group than in the NH group (0% vs. 26.7%) for staged bone augmentation and more sites that could be treated with simple implant procedure in the MCF-ARP group than in the NH group (71.9% vs. 56.6%)., Conclusions: Compared with NH, MCF-ARP reduced bone resorption in periodontally compromised molar extraction sites and maintained the buccal soft tissue contour. MCF-ARP reduces the need for complex bone augmentation procedures in implant therapy., Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) ChiCTR2200056335. Registered on 4 February 2022, Version 1.0., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Alveolar Bone loss occurs frequently during the first six months after tooth extraction. Various studies have proposed different methods to reduce as much as possible the atrophy of the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction. Filling the socket with biomaterials after extraction can reduce the resorption of the alveolar ridge. We compared the height of the alveolar process at the mesial and distal aspects of the extraction site and the resorption rate was calculated after the application of HA/β-TCP or synthetic co-polymer polyglycolic - polylactic acid PLGA mixed with blood to prevent socket resorption immediately and after tooth extraction., Methods: The study was conducted on 24 extraction sockets of impacted mandibular third molars bilaterally, vertically, and completely covered, with a thin bony layer. HA/β-TCP was inserted into 12 of the dental sockets immediately after extraction, and the synthetic polymer PLGA was inserted into 12 of the dental sockets. All sockets were covered completely with a full-thickness envelope flap. Follow-up was performed for one year after extraction, using radiographs and stents for the vertical alveolar ridge measurements., Results: The mean resorption rate in the HA/β-TCP and PLGA groups was ± 1.23 mm and ± 0.1 mm, respectively. A minimal alveolar bone height reduction of HA/β-TCP was observed after 9 months, the reduction showed a slight decrease to 0.93 mm, while this rate was 0.04 mm after 9 months in the PLGA group. Moreover, the bone height was maintained after three months, indicating a good HA/β-TCP graft performance in preserving alveolar bone (1.04 mm) while this rate was (0.04 mm) for PLGA., Conclusion: The PLGA graft demonstrated adequate safety and efficacy in dental socket preservation following tooth extraction. However, HA/β-TCP causes greater resorption at augmented sites than PLGA, which clinicians should consider during treatment planning., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the viability of free gingival grafts (FGG) and assess clinical and radiographic changes in the alveolar ridge following socket seal surgery with or without freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA)., Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight anterior and premolar tooth extractions were randomly allocated to 2 groups: socket graft of FDBA sealed with FGG (n = 15) and control with empty sockets sealed solely with FGG (n = 13). Photographs taken at 3, 7, 14, and 30 days post-surgery assessed FGG viability. Alveolar ridge volume was clinically evaluated via intraoral scanners before surgery and at 1 and 3 months post-surgery. CBCT scans taken immediately post-surgery and 3 months later assessed alveolar ridge dimensions., Results: FGG viability in both groups increased from day 3 and reached the maximum score on day 14. Alveolar ridge volume reduction at 3 months in the FDBA group was comparable to the control group. Buccal alveolar bone height reduction was significantly higher in the FDBA group than the control group, while palatal alveolar bone height was comparable. Alveolar bone width reduction was evident but not statistically significant between the groups. The FDBA group exhibited a significant alteration in bone volume compared to the control group., Conclusion: Viability of FGG was not affected by graft filling materials. Sealing the socket with FGG effectively preserved socket integrity and ridge volume in minor socket defects using either graft filling material or not. This study was registered on 4 January 2021 on Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20210104001)., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: This retrospective observational study evaluated the histomorphometric and soft tissue outcome of a new alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) technique, "Lamina Socket Sealing" (LSS) technique, using a porcine barrier., Methods: Patients with maxillary premolars to be extracted and extensive alveolar wall defects were enrolled and treated. Porcine-derived barriers and mesenchymal membrane were used to seal the extraction socket with alveolar particulate graft. An optical scan of the dental arches was performed with an intraoral scanner (Trios 3, 3Shape) at baseline and at a 4-month follow-up. At the time of implant placement, a bone sample was taken at the implant site with a trephine drill (Hager & Meisinger) and subjected to histomorphometric analysis., Results: 36 subjects (21 females and 15 males) were treated. At 4 months, histomorphometric analysis of the bone samples revealed that the percentage of vital bone was 42.87%, 8.75% of residual granules, 30.76% of soft tissue. Linear comparison of the width of the keratinized gingiva showed an increase (mean + SE) of 3.16 ± 0.35 mm. The net volumetric change of soft tissue was (mean + SE) +28.41 ± 19.52 mm³., Clinical Significance: This alveolar ridge preservation technique (Lamina Socket Sealing) using a resorbable heterologous cortical lamina with a flapless approach has proven effective in maintaining adequate soft tissue and grafting of particulate bone and lamina, with a high percentage of viable bone., Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Dr. Passarelli and Dr. Lopez contributed equally to this work. Dr. Chiapasco and Dr. D'Addona contributed equally to this work, (Copyright©American Journal of Dentistry.)

Purpose: This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate the outcome of a new alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) technique, "Lamina Socket Sealing" (LSS) technique, using a porcine barrier., Methods: 36 subjects with maxillary premolars to be extracted and extensive alveolar wall defects were enrolled and treated. Porcine-derived barriers and mesenchymal membrane were used to seal the extraction socket with alveolar particulate graft. The outcome variables were: radiographical bone changes and clinical outcomes., Results: 36 subjects, 21 females and 15 males were treated. The change in mm (mean + SE) of horizontal ridge width from baseline to 4 months after surgery at the coronal level of the alveolus was +1.25 ± 0.20 mm (P< 0.05), mean level was +0.34 ± 0.1 mm (P< 0.05) and at the apical level was +0.08 ± 0.17 mm (P> 0.05) which was not statistically significant. The buccal and palatal height changes in mm (mean + SE) from baseline to 4 months after surgery were respectively 1.21 ± 0.17 mm for the buccal wall (P< 0.05) and 1.06 ± 0.24 mm for the palatal wall (P< 0.05). The bone volume of all sites allowed for the placement of the planned implants., Clinical Significance: The alveolar ridge preservation technique (Lamina Socket Sealing) using resorbable heterologous cortical lamina with flapless approach allowed not only the preservation of the damaged post-extraction socket, but also minimal ridge augmentation, according to the principles of guided bone regeneration., Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Dr. Passarelli and Dr. Lopez contributed equally to this study. Dr. Chiapasco and Dr. D'Addona contributed equally to this study., (Copyright©American Journal of Dentistry.)

Objectives: To analyze changes in bone dimensions and their modulating factor in bone dimensions 6 months after horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous bone grafts., Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients with horizontally atrophic alveolar ridges of a single edentulous tooth at the maxillary anterior site were divided into two groups based on the fixation position of the bone block during ridge augmentation surgery (H 0 , vertical distance from the upper edge of the bone block to the alveolar crest). Patients were classified into a crestal level (CL) group if H 0  ≤ 1 mm and a sub-crestal level (SCL) group if H 0  > 1 mm. The width and height of the alveolar ridge were recorded using CBCT both before and 6 months after the augmentation procedure., Results: The CL group comprised 20 patients with 23 implants, whereas the SCL group comprised 18 patients with 22 implants. All the augmentation sites exhibited vertical bone resorption. Vertical bone resorption in the SCL group (1.94 ± 2.11 mm) was significantly higher than that of the CL group (0.61 ± 0.64 mm). The SCL group showed significantly lower horizontal bone gain than the CL group (SCL: 1.02 ± 2.30 mm; CL: 3.19 ± 3.17 mm) at the cervical level. Peri-implant marginal bone loss increased significantly in the SCL group (1.00 ± 2.71 mm) compared to the CL group (0.64 ± 0.40 mm)., Conclusion: The bone height decreased after horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous onlay grafting. The fixation position of the bone block was a modulating factor. The SCL group showed more vertical bone loss, less horizontal bone gain 6 months after surgery, and more marginal bone loss after restoration., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: To examine dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of maxillary incisors with one or two anterior miniscrews in subjects with gummy smile and deep bite., Materials and Methods: Forty-three subjects were selected and divided into two groups: group I (22 subjects: 15 women, 7 men; mean age 30 ± 10 years) received one miniscrew between the upper central incisors, and group II (21 subjects: 16 women, 5 men; mean age 30 ± 10 years) received two miniscrews between the canines and lateral incisors. Dentoalveolar parameters, including amount of intrusion, root resorption, incisor inclination, alveolar bone thickness, and buccal alveolar crest height (cementoenamel junction to labial alveolar crest), were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography scans obtained before and after intrusion. The intergroup comparison was analyzed using a paired t-test and unpaired t-test to determine significant changes within and between groups., Results: The amount of intrusion was significantly greater in group II than in group I (P < .05). No statistically significant differences were found between groups I and II for changes in incisor inclination, labial bone thickness, and buccal alveolar crest height (P > .05)., Conclusions: Maxillary central and lateral incisor intrusion was significantly greater in subjects treated with two miniscrews. Root resorption of the maxillary central incisors was notably greater in subjects with one miniscrew, while maxillary lateral incisor resorption was greater in subjects treated with two miniscrews., (© 2024 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.)

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is proposed as a therapeutic method in various medical concerns. This study aimed to compare the effects of PBM at the wavelengths of 660, 808, or 660 + 808 nm on alveolar bone healing in diabetic rats. Methods: Bilateral maxillary first molars were extracted from diabetic Wistar rats ( n = 36). Right-sided sockets were treated by an In-Ga-Al-P laser at 660 nm (7.2 J/cm 2 , 24 s; DM660), Ga-Al-As laser at 808 nm (7 J/cm 2 , 14 s; DM808), or a combination of these two sets (DM-dual) ( n = 12). Left sides served as controls. On days 7 or 14, specimens were assigned for histomorphometric or real-time PCR analysis of runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, collagen I, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Results: Irradiated sockets of groups DM-808 and DM-dual showed a significant increase in bone tissue and blood vessel establishment as compared to DM-660. Further, group DM-dual exhibited the least amount of fibrotic tissue as compared to the other groups. Conclusions: Within our study limits, the present experiment suggested PBM at 808 nm, alone or combined with 660 nm irradiation, could promote alveolar bone healing, along with minimal fibrosis induction, in diabetic rats.

Background: It is common to see patients who need orthodontic treatment but with insufficient alveolar bone volume. However, safe and effective tooth movement requires sufficient alveolar bone width and height. The aim of this study is to compare the bone augmentation efficacy of Autologous Partially Demineralized Dentin Matrix (APDDM) and Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) in orthodontic patients with insufficient bone by using a randomized controlled clinical trial approach., Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven orthodontic patients involving 40 posterior teeth alveolar sites (n = 40) with insufficient alveolar bone volume were randomly divided into a control group (n = 20) and an experimental group (n = 20). The patients in the experimental group were treated with APDDM, and those in the control group were treated with DBBM. After surgery, the adjacent teeth are moved toward the bone grafting sites according to the orthodontic treatment plan. Patients completed a postoperative response questionnaire by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score to indicate pain and swelling in the bone grafted area at the time of suture removal; and CBCT scans were conducted before surgery, 6 months and 2 years after surgery to assess changes in buccal and central alveolar heights, as well as widths at the alveolar ridge apex and 3 mm, 5 mm below the apex, respectively. The CBCT image sequences were imported into Mimics 21.0 software in DICOM format. The data of the patients in both groups were collected and analyzed by SPSS 25.0., Results: The VAS scores were significantly lower in the APDDM group than in the DBBM group (p < 0.05). Significant increases were observed in alveolar bone height and width at 6 months and 2 years postoperative (p < 0.05); At 2 years, the APDDM group exhibited a reduction in buccal crest height and in 3 mm, 5 mm width below alveolar ridge apex, relative to 6 months (p < 0.05), while the DBBM group showed a decrease only in the central height of the alveolar bone (p < 0.05). There was a significant bone augmentation increase found only 3 mm below the alveolar ridge apex in the APDDM group compared with the DBBM group among all 6 months group comparison (p < 0.05). At 2 years, the augmentation effects were similar across both groups (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: Radiomics analysis indicates that APDDM serves as a viable bone augmentation material for orthodontic patients with insufficient alveolar bone volume, achieving comparable clinical efficacy to DBBM. Additionally, APDDM is associated with a milder postoperative response than DBBM., The Registration Number (trn): ChiCTR2400084607., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: To assess and compare the clinical, radiological, and histological outcomes of socket seal surgery between two protocols: deproteinized demineralized tooth matrix (dpDTM) and freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) each covered with a free gingival graft., Materials and Methods: Twenty extraction sockets in the anterior or premolar region were randomly allocated to either the dpDTM or FDBA protocol (n = 10 per group). Measurements of the alveolar ridge changes were obtained using an intraoral scanner and cone-beam computed tomography at 3 months post-operation. Three-month post surgery, the dental implant was installed (n = 5 per group), bone biopsies were obtained for histomorphometrical and micro-computed tomography analyses. Implant stability quotients (ISQs) were determined and compared at 3 months post-implant., Results: Lower significant reductions in buccal alveolar ridge height and hard tissue volume were observed in dpDTM group compared to FDBA group at 3 months (0.25 ± 0.35 mm vs. 1.60 ± 0.66 mm [p = .000] and 9.64 ± 15.39% mm 3 vs. 31.45 ± 18.11% mm 3 [p = .010], respectively). At the same time, lower soft tissue volume reduction was detected in the dpDTM group compared to FDBA group (4.21 ± 5.25% mm 3 vs. 5.25 ± 5.79% mm 3 ). No statistically significant difference in the percentage of mineralized tissue formation was found between dpDTM group (53.39 ± 11.16%) and FDBA group (49.90 ± 3.27%). Even though the ISQ in the dpDTM group showed a higher value than the FDBA group at 3 months post-implant, the results were without statistical significance., Conclusions: Alveolar ridge preservation using dpDTM is an efficacious procedure for providing the conditions for the development of functional and esthetic implants., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel biomaterial (FG) for alveolar ridge preservation compared to CTG in terms of soft tissue thickness and bone dimensional changes., Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients who required extraction of 30 hopeless mandibular posterior teeth. All patients went through atraumatic tooth extraction, and then, they were randomly allocated to either a CTG, an FG, or a spontaneous healing (SH) group (1:1:1). All patients received a dental implant placed 6 months postoperatively. The soft tissue thickness and bone dimensional changes were measured before and 6 months after the procedure., Results: The study's analysis revealed statistically significant differences in buccal gingival thickness and dimensional bone changes across the three examined groups after 6 months (p < 0.05). The SH group had lower gingival thickness (1.31 ± 0.65 mm) and higher vertical resorption (-1.46 ± 1.67 mm at the buccal aspect) compared with the CTG and FG groups. The CTG and FG groups had similar gingival thickness (2.42 ± 0.70 and 3.00 ± 0.71 mm, respectively) and bone width reduction (+0.86 ± 2.31 and +0.93 ± 2.38 mm, respectively), whereas the CTG group had lower vertical bone loss (-0.30 ± 1.09 mm at the buccal aspect) than the FG group (-0.47 ± 2.30 mm at the buccal aspect)., Conclusion: FG and CTG demonstrate equivalent soft tissue thickness and comparable horizontal bone dimension outcomes in ARP., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background and Objective: Osteoporosis is associated with bone microarchitecture alterations, and the depletion of estrogen during menopause is a major contributing factor to its development. The literature highlights the noteworthy role of gut microbiota in bone metabolism, particularly in the progression of osteoporosis. Periodontal disease leads to alveolar bone loss, which may be influenced by estrogen deficiency, and this mechanism is intricately associated with an imbalance in systemic microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) and Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 (L. casei 01) administrations on an osteoporosis animal model., Materials and Methods: Thirty-three female rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (C-OVX), C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01. All animals were ovariectomized. In groups C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01, the probiotics were administered for 4 months. All animals were euthanized after 16 weeks from ovariectomy. Microtomographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted on periodontal tissues, whereas histomorphometry, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out on the intestine. The levels of estradiol were assessed in blood using an immunoenzymatic assay. The data were subjected to statistical analyses (p < .05)., Results: The C-OVX-LC01 group exhibited a significant reduction in alveolar bone porosity and an increase in connective tissue density compared to C-OVX (p < .05). The C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01 groups presented reduced expression of TRAP and RANKL compared to the C-OVX (p < .05). The C-OVX group presented villi defects, mild neutrophil infiltration, decrease in both villous height and intestinal crypts and reduced expression of intestinal junctional epithelium markers e-cadherin and claudin 01 compared to C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01 (p < .05). The C-OVX group had lower estradiol levels than C-OVX-HN019 and C-OVX-LC01 (p < .05)., Conclusion: The probiotic therapy promoted a reduction in alveolar bone destruction and intestinal permeability as well as an increase in estradiol levels in ovariectomized rats. Specifically, the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 exhibited greater effectiveness compared to Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, indicating strain-dependent outcomes., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: To assess the efficacy of heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB) in promoting alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction in rats., Materials and Methods: The upper right incisors of 48 Wistar rats were extracted. Toothless sockets were filled with HFB (HFBG, n = 24) or blood clot (BCG, n = 24). The tooth extraction sites were subjected to micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (for Runt-related transcription factor 2/Runx2 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/TRAP) analyses on days 0, 7, 14 and 42 after extraction., Results: Socket volume remained similar between days 0 and 14 (69 ± 5.4 mm 3 ), except in the BCG on day 14, when it was 10% lower (p = .043). Although the number of Runx2+ osteoblasts was high and similar in both groups (34 × 10 2  cells/mm 2 ), the HFBG showed lower inflammatory process and osteoclast activity than BCG at 7 days. On day 14, the number of Runx2+ osteoblasts remained high and similar to the previous period in both groups. However, osteoclast activity increased. This increase was 55% lower in the HFBG than BCG. In the BCG, the presence of an inflammatory process and larger and numerous osteoclasts on day 14 led to resorption of the alveolar bone ridge and newly formed bone. On day 42, numbers of Runx2+ osteoblast and TRAP+ osteoclasts decreased dramatically in both groups. Although the BCG exhibited a more mature cortical bone formation, it exhibited a higher socket reduction (28.3 ± 6.67%) and smaller bone volume (37 ± 5.8 mm 3 ) compared with HFBG (socket reduction of 14.8 ± 7.14% and total bone volume of 46 ± 5.4 mm 3 )., Conclusions: HFB effectively suppresses osteoclast activity and reduces alveolar bone resorption compared with blood clot, thus preventing three-dimensional bone loss, particularly during the early healing period. HFB emerges as a promising biopharmaceutical material for enhancing healing processes after tooth extraction., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: To evaluate the influence on peri-implant crestal bone loss exerted by the vertical mucosal thickness and the abutment height over 12 months after placement of the restoration on subcrestal implants with change of platform, using a restoration abutment platform smaller than the implant platform., Materials and Methods: A total of 99 implants were rehabilitated in the maxillary and mandibular posterior regions. A total of 22 implants were rehabilitated in the maxilla and 77 implants in the mandible, using digitally designed customized abutments with Atlantis weborder software, from the commercial house Dentsply Sirona (Dentsply Sirona S.A., Barcelona, Spain), version 4.6.5, adapting the height to the vertical thickness of the mucosa. Clinical and radiographic monitoring begins during the surgical procedure of placement of the implant and ends 12 months afterwards. Crestal bone loss was evaluated through the Carestream® CS8100 3D radiographic equipment., Results: In all cases, the greatest loss of marginal bone occurred between the day of surgery (Tx) and placement of the rehabilitation (To). The average bone loss between both times was greater when the abutment height and vertical mucosal thickness did not exceed 3 mm. Subsequently, bone loss slowed and stabilized at 12 months., Conclusions: The minimum abutment height and the vertical mucosal thickness are factors to take into account when minimizing peri-implant marginal bone loss, the abutment height having the greatest importance according to the clinical data obtained., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Annexin A1 (ANXA1) and the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome play important roles in bone remodeling. However, expression profiles of these factors in bone cells under diabetes mellitus (DM) and estrogen-deficient conditions are poorly understood. This study investigated the immunoexpression of ANXA1 and its formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), as well as NLRP3 inflammasome mediators, during remodeling of the alveolar process in diabetic and estrogen-deficient rats., Methods: Twenty adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): Sham-operated (SHAM) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats received a vehicle solution, and SHAM and OVX rats were intraperitoneally administered 60 mg/kg/body weight (BW) of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DM (SHAM-Di and OVX-Di groups). After 7 weeks, the rats were euthanized and their maxillae were fixed in phosphate-buffered 4% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) and picrosirius red or subjected to immunohistochemical detection of ANXA1, FPR2, NLRP3, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)., Results: Estrogen deficiency and DM were associated with deleterious effects in bone tissue, as evidenced by a lower number of osteocytes and higher number of empty lacunae in the SHAM-Di and OVX-Di groups compared to the nondiabetic groups. Both diabetic groups showed a smaller vascular area and weaker collagen fiber birefringence intensity in alveolar bone tissue. A significantly higher number of ANXA1/FPR2-positive osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts was accompanied by a significantly higher number of these cells immunolabeled for COX2, NLRP3, and IL-1β in the diabetic and OVX groups, especially in both estrogen-deficient and diabetic rats., Conclusion: These results indicate a possible role for the ANXA1/FPR2 pathway as a fine-tuning/anti-inflammatory regulator to counterbalance exacerbated COX2/NLRP3/IL-1β activation in bone cells during bone remodeling under estrogen deficiency and DM., (© 2023 American Academy of Periodontology.)