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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression primarily at the post-transcriptional levels. It is now well established that miRNAs are crucial regulators of many developmental and physiological processes, including reproduction. In teleosts, expression profiling studies have shown that miRNAs are expressed in the fish ovary and their levels are regulated during follicle development and by hormones. Using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene knockout strategies, several recent studies have provided strong evidence that miR-202 and miR-200s on chromosome 23 play critical roles in regulating ovarian development, oogenesis, and ovulation. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of canonical miRNA biogenesis and functions; summarize miRNAs that are expressed in fish ovary; and discuss the emerging role of miRNAs in regulating fish ovarian functions., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Sexual coercion among married women is a widely concealed and a serious public health concern that may impede physical, sexual and psychological health of women., Purpose: We aimed to investigate the associations between sexual coercion, psychological distress and somatic symptoms among married women., Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2018 to March 2019 at the International Islamic University, Pakistan. A sample of 200 married women with equal proportion of working and home bound women was selected whilst using non-probability purposive sampling technique from the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad (Pakistan). Information about study variables were gathered through Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationship Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Somatic Symptoms Scale. Linear regression analysis, a moderation analysis and a t-test was carried out using SPSS 23., Results: Sexual coercion was positively related to psychological distress and somatic symptoms among married women (p<.001). As a predictor variable, sexual coercion explained a variance of 53% in psychological distress and 35% in somatic symptoms. Additionally, home bound married women were more prone to suffer from sexual coercion, distress of psychological nature and somatic symptoms than married working women (p<.001)., Discussion: Overall, women who experience sexual coercion have poorer psychological health. Study findings support the notion that husbands may act coercively to acquire or retain an impersonal sense of control and power more on home bound women. Additionally, working status might be a reason that work will positively contribute to the mental health of working women that needs further exploring.

Self-esteem among eunuchs is highly influenced by a variety of factors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the differences in self-esteem of eunuchs on the basis of education, income, age and marital status. The study was conducted at the University of Haripur, Pakistan, from December 2015 to November 2016. A sample of 140 eunuchs was collected from different areas of Hazara division, through purposive and snowball sampling technique. A self-esteem scale with four sub-scales was used to measure the self-esteem of eunuchs. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine education level differences. The t-test was applied to find out the impact of demographics differences such as marital status, income level, and age on self-esteem of eunuchs. The scale used was found to be quite reliable with alpha coefficient of 0.85. The outcomes are significant and showed that educated, higher income, younger and unmarried eunuchs had higher self-esteem (p<0.05).