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The checklist of the species of fungus beetle families Endomychidae and Anamorphidae from El Salvador is updated. Only six species of Endomychidae and one Anamorphidae have been previously recorded from the country, with specific localities reported only for two of them. The study of specimens collected in El Salvador over 60 years ago by Jan and Bohumila Bechyné and held in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, allowed us to have a better idea on the diversity and distribution of these beetles in the country. Eight species of Endomychidae and one of Anamorphidae are reported here, including three first records for El Salvador: Anidrytus guatemalae Arrow, Epipocus bifidus Gerstaecker and Stenotarsus ovalis Arrow. Additionally, first records for species of Endomychidae from countries of the Neotropical region are provided: Anidrytus batesi Strohecker from Peru, A. ovatulus Gerstaecker from Guyana, Ephebus hirtulus Strohecker from Paraguay, Epopterus vacuus Gerstaecker from Costa Rica and Acinaces unicolor Tomaszewska from Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The whip spider Paraphrynus maya Armas, Trujillo & Agreda, 2017, (Amblypygi: Phrynidae) previously known only from Guatemala, is recorded for the first time from Honduras on the basis of an adult female from Trojes, El Paraíso department, Honduras. Now, the Honduran arachnofauna contains two confirmed Paraphrynus species: Pa. laevifrons (Pocock, 1894) and Pa. maya. Also, the paratypes of Pa. maya from Alta Verapaz department, Guatemala, are regarded as misidentified specimens of Pa. williamsi Mullinex, 1975. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neotropical Biology & Conservation is the property of Pensoft Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação is the property of Ensaio: Avaliacao e Politicas Publicas em Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En varios países latinoamericanos, los planes de estudios de medicina carecen de disciplinas obligatorias como la Geriatría y la Gerontología (GyG). En las circunstancias más favorables, estas asignaturas se ofrecen como cursos optativos. Para problematizar la enseñanza de la GyG en los países centroamericanos y los aspectos sociodemográficos relacionados, este texto ofrece respuestas, aunque se consideren inagotables, a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuál ha sido la naturaleza de la transición demográfica en las últimas décadas? ¿En qué medida la formación de posgrado en GyG es simétrica en la región? ¿Cuál es el perfil de formación predominante en los países? En definitiva, ¿existen suficientes recursos humanos especializados para atender las demandas sanitarias de las personas mayores? La revisión de la literatura y el análisis de datos secundarios indican que los países pueden dividirse en dos grupos. El primer grupo de países muestra un compromiso notable para asegurar que las futuras generaciones de profesionales estén adecuadamente formadas para satisfacer las demandas de los gerontes (Costa Rica, El Salvador y Guatemala). Por el contrario, el segundo grupo de países, que incluye a Belice, Honduras, Nicaragua y Panamá, demuestra un menor grado de sensibilidad hacia este tema. Resulta paradójico que el crecimiento acelerado de la población anciana en estos países no se haya traducido en un aumento correspondiente de las respuestas necesarias por parte de los gobiernos para satisfacer las demandas de este segmento de la población. Ejemplos inmediatos de ello son la escasez de profesionales geriatras y gerontólogos y los pocos cursos de posgrado en GyG.

Why have Central American states been able to deliver public goods in the energy sector when most experiences of energy regionalism in Latin American have run into deadlock? Through process‐tracing the different factors that transformed the Central American Electric System (SIEPAC) from a policy‐idea into a fully operative supranational market, this article finds that the Interamerican Development Bank was the orchestrator of governments, national utilities, and extra‐regional state and market actors resulting in the production of energy infrastructure and improved energy security for Central American countries. Through three mechanisms—brokering, agenda‐setting, and assistance—the Interamerican Development Bank kept the cooperation agenda ongoing despite coordination problems and member states' divergent preferences. The article concludes that regional development banks are particularly well‐suited orchestrators of highly technical regionalism initiatives, such as energy integration, because they combine the input‐legitimacy of an intergovernmental organization, the know‐how of an epistemic community, and the resources of a bank. More research is needed to compare the role of various regional development banks in regionalism initiatives in the global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aled: Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios del Discurso is the property of Asociacion Latinoamericana de Estudio del Discurso and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the making of carceral citizenship in Guatemala through an ethnographic analysis of la talacha – informal prison taxation schemes. Taxation is a key technology of citizenship. Tax enforcement mechanisms, the distribution of tax burdens, citizens’ willingness to pay, and their expectations of what they should get in return all make taxation an essential lens through which to understand state formation and citizens’ perceptions of and relations with one another. In Guatemala, where organized crime competes with and subsumes state institutions in ways that profoundly impact everyone, the state is only one of many entities claiming the right to tax, at turns competing and colluding with its underworld. These blurred dynamics are hyper-distilled in the country’s prison system, where state-prisoner networks tax the imprisoned population in the name of collective survival and elite profits. Based on extended ethnographic fieldwork behind bars, I show how la talacha sets the terms of carceral citizenship by organizing prisoner-state co-governance, reifying the prison’s socioeconomic hierarchies, and shaping inmates' relationships with the world beyond the prison. Resumen: Fiscalidad y encarcelaciones en Guatemala: Prisiones, extorsiones y ciudadanía Este artículo explora la construcción de la ciudadanía carcelaria en Guatemala a través de un análisis etnográfico de la talacha: esquema informal de tributación carcelaria. La fiscalidad es una tecnología clave de la ciudadanía. Los mecanismos de aplicación de impuestos, la distribución de las cargas fiscales, la disposición de los ciudadanos a pagar y sus expectativas de lo que deberían obtener a cambio hacen de la fiscalidad una lente esencial a través de la cual entender la formación del Estado y las percepciones de los ciudadanos y las relaciones entre ellos. En Guatemala, donde el crimen organizado compite con las instituciones estatales y las subsume en formas que afectan profundamente a todos, el Estado es sólo una de las muchas entidades que reclaman el derecho a tributar, compitiendo y confabulando a su vez con el hampa. Estas dinámicas difusas se hiperdestilan en el sistema penitenciario del país, donde las redes entre el Estado y los presos gravan a la población reclusa en nombre de la supervivencia colectiva y los beneficios de las élites. Basándome en un extenso trabajo de campo etnográfico entre rejas, muestro cómo la talacha establece los términos de la ciudadanía carcelaria organizando el cogobierno entre presos y Estado, reificando las jerarquías socioeconómicas de la prisión y configurando las relaciones de los reclusos con el mundo más allá de la cárcel.

Este trabajo es un estudio cruzado de tres novelas del área Caribe y Centroamericana: Tikal Futura (2012) del guatemalteco-nicaragüense Franz Galich, El indio sin ombligo (2007) del panameño Rafael Pernett y Morales, y La mucama de Omicunlé (2015) de la dominicana Rita Indiana. Analizamos la manera en que se pone en marcha la mecánica cienciaficcional: la conformación de la extrañeza global o de universo y las distintas modalidades de emergencia del novum (Suvin). También estudiamos las distintas maneras en que el substrato mítico perteneciente a las culturas periféricas (autóctonas y afrodescendientes) funcionan como novum dentro del tejido textual. Finalmente, abordamos la dimensión transtextual en los tres textos (haciendo hincapié en la metatextualidad) y la relación de éstos con el “architexto” ciencia ficción

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a evolução política recente da Guatemala, tendo como pano de fundo o reordenamento econômico e político produzido pelos acordos de paz de 1996, e tendências autoritárias que atravessam a região em anos recentes. Especificamente, indaga-se por que os protestos populares que derrubaram o presidente militar Pérez Molina em 2015, não abriram caminho para uma ulterior democratização do país. Ao contrário, argumenta-se que este processo engendrou uma reação da classe dominante que ganha os contornos de uma reversão autoritária. Este trabalho está embasado em pesquisa de campo, mas também recorre a material jornalístico e à bibliografia pertinente. A hipótese desta pesquisa é que se reatualiza no presente, o estado de contrainsurgência permanente que caracteriza a história independente do país.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Toward the end of a protracted U.S.-American intervention in Nicaragua (1909–33), a catastrophic earthquake and fire razed much of the capital city of Managua on 31 March 1931. Nicaraguan composer Luis Abraham Delgadillo (1884–1961), while residing in New York City, responded to the tragedy with his Romance Oriental (Eastern Romance) for flute and piano, dedicated to María Huezo, a friend who had perished in the earthquake. The work appears to fall within the nineteenth-century French exoticist musical tradition, but its commemorative purpose departs from the typical Orientalist representation. Delgadillo musically transformed Huezo’s memory from that of a “virtuous” woman in life into an “alluring,” voiceless female Other, which revealed particular desires. In this article, I argue that the Romance Oriental manifests a veiled escapist desire and an acute nostalgia for home. His musical response to the tragedy exhibits a binary interplay of spatial (Here/There) and temporal (Present/Past) landscapes, as the composer yearned for a return to the Managua of his childhood. The work was not a mere break with European exoticist tradition, but a resignification of Western musical convention by a Latin American composer.

Resumen Durante el período de entreguerras, el olimpismo alcanzó un prestigio creciente, tanto por su labor, como por la expansión del deporte a todos los niveles y su positiva consideración. El COI buscó ampliar su influencia más allá de las fronteras europeas y uno de los espacios de expansión fue América Latina. Para ello se buscó la colaboración de integrantes del COI y entre ellos resaltó la figura de Pedro J. Matheu, un diplomático salvadoreño que sirvió para difundir los principios impulsados por el barón de Coubertin en América Central. A través de su archivo personal pueden apreciarse los esfuerzos para la puesta en marcha de los Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe y su celebración en 1926, 1930, 1935 y 1938 y las estrategias seguidas desde Lausana para su desarrollo. Abstract During the inter-war period, Olympism achieved growing prestige, both for its work and for the expansion of sport at all levels and its positive regard. The IOC sought to extend its influence beyond European borders and one of the areas of expansion was Latin America. To this end, the collaboration of members of the IOC was sought and among them the figure of Pedro J. Matheu, a Salvadorian diplomat who served to spread the principles promoted by Baron de Coubertin in Central America, stood out. His personal archives show the efforts made to set up the Central American and Caribbean Games and their celebration in 1926, 1930, 1935 and 1938, and the strategies followed from Lausannefor their development.