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Today's business and commerce are heavily influenced by online reviews. Most online product purchase decisions are based on customer reviews. As a result, opportunistic individuals or groups seek to shake product reviews in their favor. Fake online reviews have a significant impact on the efficiency of online consumers, merchants and e-commerce markets. Despite academic efforts to study fake reviews, there remains a need for research that can systematically analyze and summarize their causes and consequences. This task provides a semi-supervised and supervised text mining model for detecting fake web reviews and comparing their effectiveness to hotel review datasets. Keywords: Semi-Supervised. Supervised, Detection, Fake Review, Marketing

Polymeric hydrogels are fascinating platforms as 3D scaffolds for tissue repair and delivery systems of therapeutic molecules and cells. Among others, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) has become a representative hydrogel formulation, finding various biomedical applications. Recent efforts on GelMA-based hydrogels have been devoted to combining them with bioactive and functional nanomaterials, aiming to provide enhanced physicochemical and biological properties to GelMA. The benefits of this approach are multiple: i) reinforcing mechanical properties, ii) modulating viscoelastic property to allow 3D printability of bio-inks, iii) rendering electrical/magnetic property to produce electro-/magneto-active hydrogels for the repair of specific tissues (e.g., muscle, nerve), iv) providing stimuli-responsiveness to actively deliver therapeutic molecules, and v) endowing therapeutic capacity in tissue repair process (e.g., antioxidant effects). The nanomaterial-combined GelMA systems have shown significantly enhanced and extraordinary behaviors in various tissues (bone, skin, cardiac, and nerve) that are rarely observable with GelMA. Here we systematically review these recent efforts in nanomaterials-combined GelMA hydrogels that are considered as next-generation multifunctional platforms for tissue therapeutics. The approaches used in GelMA can also apply to other existing polymeric hydrogel systems., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Physicochemical properties of GelMA hydrogel. • Role of nanomaterials for engineering bio-functional GelMA hydrogel. • Diverse biomedical applications of nanostructured GelMA hydrogel. • Promising directions for nano-inspired GelMA bioink formulation. • Applications and challenges of advanced GelMA-nanomaterial platforms.

Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorods have been prepared using a simple and low-cost reflux method. This method is easy to handle and opens up a way to manufacture photocatalytic pigment at a low cost. The Bi2S3 catalyst was subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The structures of the Bi2S3 nanorod have been investigated and were seen to be orthorhombic. The electron microscopic observations showed that surfactants greatly affect the morphologies of the as-prepared Bi2S3 samples. The XRD and TEM results confirmed that the Bi2S3 nanorods have a high surface area and are good crystallinity. TEM measurements revealed that the average breadth and length is 75 nm and 385 nm for Bi2S3 nanorods prepared using NaOH. The uniform one-dimensional Bi2S3 nanorods are due to the presence of NaOH which controls the nucleation and growth process of Bi2S3 nanorods. The photocatalytic activity of the Bi2S3 nanocrystallites has been estimated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the irradiation of halogen light. It was noted that the absorption peak corresponding to MB reduced indicating the photocatalytic nature of the sample. In these conditions, the maximum degradation of the dye was achieved within 140 min for KOH added Bi2S3 samples and the photodegradation efficiency is 87.98%. A possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism of the Bi2S3 samples has also been proposed.

This work focuses on the preparation of CdSe nanostructures as they have attracted more interest in recent years due to their size and morphology dependent properties. CdSe nanoparticles have been prepared through solvothermal method using Cadmium nitrate and sodium biselenite as precursors and ethylenediamine as solvent. The effect of reaction time on the properties of CdSe especially on the morphology and size have been investigated and reported. With increase in the reaction time, the sizes of the particles are found to increase considerably. The XRD pattern also confirms the improvement in the crystallinity of the prepared samples with increase in reaction temperature. The TEM results show the formation of nanorods like structures in the sample prepared at higher temperature for longer hours.

Well structured nano-sized Copper oxide has been prepared by simple reflex method for different pH concentrations. The Prepared samples are subjected to various characterization studies such as XRD, SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy inorder to investigate their crystallite structure, morphology, optical properties and functional vibrations. The structural analysis of prepared CuO samples revealed a monoclinic crystalline structure. The morphology of CuO samples reveals spindle shaped with size distribution ranging from 70 nm to 90 nm. The sample prepared at pH 5 seemed to possess the expected qualities to apply for antibacterial activity. The prepared samples consisting of various amounts of CuO nanoparticles are developed to study the antibacterial activity for different strains of bacteria. The results showed that at the optimized pH concentration, CuO samples calcinated at 400 °C exhibited improved antibacterial activity for E. coli bacteria.

Nanomaterials combined with phototherapy and multimodal imaging are promising for cancer theranostics. Our aim is to develop fluorescent mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles (fBGn) based on carbon dots (CD) with delivery, triple-mode imaging, and photothermal (PTT) properties for cancer theranostics. A direct and label-free approach was used to prepare multicolor fluorescent fBGn with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane as the surface-functionalizing agent. The calcination at 400 °C provided fBGn with high fluorescence intensity originating from the CD. In particular, a triple-mode emission [fluorescence imaging, two-photon (TP), and Raman imaging] was observed which depended on CD nature and surface properties such as surface oxidation edge state, amorphous region, nitrogen passivation of surface state, and crystalline region. The fBGn also exhibited phototherapeutic properties such as photodynamic (PDT) and PTT effects. The antitumor effect of the combined PDT/PTT therapy was significantly higher than that of individual (PDT or PTT) therapy. The fBGn, due to the mesoporous structure, the anticancer drug doxorubicin could be loaded and released in a pH-dependent way to show chemotherapy effects on cancer cells. The in vivo imaging and biocompatibility of fBGn were also demonstrated in a nude mouse model. The fBGn, with the combined capacity of anticancer delivery, triple-mode imaging, and PTT/PDT therapy, are considered to be potentially useful for cancer theranostics.

Designing various transplantable biomaterials, especially nanoscale matrixes for bone regeneration, involves precise tuning of topographical features. The cellular fate on such engineered surfaces is highly influenced by many factors imparted by the surface modification (hydrophilicity, stiffness, porosity, roughness, ROS responsiveness). Herein, hybrid matrixes of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) decorated with uniform layers of nanoceria (nCe), called Ce@GelMA, were developed without direct incorporation of nCe into the scaffolds. The fabrication involves a simple base-mediated in situ deposition in which uniform nCe coatings were first made on GelMA hydrogels and then nCe layered GelMA scaffolds were made by cryodesiccation. In this hybrid platform, degradable GelMA biopolymer provides the porous microstructure and nCe provides the nanoscaled biointerface. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the matrixes analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show uniform nCe distribution. The surface nanoroughness and chemistry of the matrixes were also characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presence of nCe on GelMA enhanced its mechanical properties as confirmed by compressive modulus analysis. Substantial bonelike nanoscale hydroxyapatite formation was observed on scaffolds after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion, which was confirmed by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the developed scaffolds could also be used as an antioxidant matrix owing to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging property of nCe as assessed by 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) assay. The enhanced proliferation and viability of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) on the scaffold surface after 3 days of culture ensures the biocompatibility of the proposed material. Considering all, it is proposed that the micro/nanoscaled matrix could mimic the composition and function of hard tissues and could be utilized as degradable scaffolds in engineering bones.

Regenerating defective bone in patients with diabetes mellitus remains a significant challenge due to high blood glucose level and oxidative stress. Here we aim to tackle this issue by means of a drug- and cell-free scaffolding approach. We found the nanoceria decorated on various types of scaffolds (fibrous or 3D-printed one; named nCe-scaffold) could render a therapeutic surface that can recapitulate the microenvironment: modulating oxidative stress while offering a nanotopological cue to regenerating cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) recognized the nanoscale (tens of nm) topology of nCe-scaffolds, presenting highly upregulated curvature-sensing membrane protein, integrin set, and adhesion-related molecules. Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were further significantly enhanced by the nCe-scaffolds. Of note, the stimulated osteogenic potential was identified to be through integrin-mediated TGF-β co-signaling activation. Such MSC-regulatory effects were proven in vivo by the accelerated bone formation in rat calvarium defect model. The nCe-scaffolds further exhibited profound enzymatic and catalytic potential, leading to effectively scavenging reactive oxygen species in vivo. When implanted in diabetic calvarium defect, nCe-scaffolds significantly enhanced early bone regeneration. We consider the currently-exploited nCe-scaffolds can be a promising drug- and cell-free therapeutic means to treat defective tissues like bone in diabetic conditions.

Semiconductor nanoparticles and nanocrystals have a great impact due to its contribution in the diverse fields including electronics, solar energy, biological imaging, and photonics. Among these semiconductor nanoparticles, cadmium selenide of II-VI group binary semiconductor nanoparticles were synthesized using solvothermal process for the different reaction temperatures. The XRD pattern of the synthesized samples confirms the crystalline nature of the samples and showed increase in its crystallite size with rise in temperature. The morphology of the samples was analysed with TEM images and found that the nanoparticles synthesized at different temperatures were varied in size and shape indicating the increase in the size of the particles with the raise in temperature. The optical properties of the samples pointed out that they exhibit a blue shift owing to quantum confinement. Photocatalytic activity was carried out for the synthesized samples under visible light radiation using methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant and it proved to be a good photocatalyst achieving the efficiency of 75% which is promising for future application with good optimization. The efficiency could be increased when these semiconductor CdSe nanoparticles are doped with metal particles due to an increase in the absorption edge wavelength and a decrease in bandgap energy were reported in detail.

Epithelioid angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular neoplasm with potential diagnostic trap of mistaking these tumors for poorly differentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or mesenchymal tumor. Here we are reporting a case of soft tissue neoplasm of the head with local infiltration into the underlying bone. We reached at diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma of scalp with the help of microscopic appearance and immunohistochemistry findings. Excision of it ended up as a combined onco-neuro-plastic surgical procedure.

Carcinoma originating from sweat gland is very rare with a reported incidence of less than 0.005% of all tumour specimens resected surgically [1]. These are rare group of tumours with potential for local destruction as well as distant metastasis. The variability of the histological features even in the same tumour, and its rarity, has contributed to some confusion regarding the classification of sweat gland carcinoma as well as the treatment of specific histological subtypes. Here we are reporting the case of an 88-year old male who presented with ulceroproliferative lesion over axilla.

Recently, researchers are concentrating on the synthesis of composite materials to enhance the efficiency of the materials in various applications. In this work, nickel vanadium oxide (NiV

Simple sol–gel method has been exploited to deposit Sn-doped TiO2 thin films on glass substrates. The resultant coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible techniques (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence analysis (PL). The XRD pattern reveals an increase in crystallite size of the prepared samples with the increasing doping concentration. A decrease in doping concentrating resulted in the decrease in bandgap values. The different chemical bonds on these films were identified from their FTIR spectra. The photoluminescence analysis shows an increase in the emission peak intensity with increasing dopant concentration, and this can be attributed to the effect created due to surface states. The prepared samples were tested as antibacterial agent toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria like S.aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and E.coli (Escherichia coli), respectively. The size of the inhibition zones indicates that the sample shows maximum inhibitory property toward E.coli when compared to S.aureus.

Construction and characterization of P-N junction photodiodes have attracted the attention of researchers for past few decades as they play an important role in energy applications. The thin film samples Ag doped Bi2S3 nanowires deposited on ITO substrates with different dopant percentage using dip coating method are characterized with XRD and SEM to investigate their structure, degree of crystallinity and morphology. Ag doped Bi2S3/ITO photodiodes are fabricated, and their performance is studied and reported. The I-V characteristic graphs show an increase in photocurrent with increasing illumination time. The ideality factor of the diode is calculated to be 6.21 by J-V method under illumination of light for 30 min.

Natural and synthetic biomaterials are often used in clinical utilization to assist, strengthen and to restore impaired tissue or biological functions. Iron doped bioactive nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (Fe doped n-HAp) powder with different concentrations of Fe was successfully synthesized by the reflux method. The crystallinity of the samples was confirmed by powder XRD analysis and in 0.2 M Fe doping, the smallest crystalline size of 3.2 nm was obtained. SEM results indicate that higher concentration of Fe content has a considerable impact on the morphology of n-HAp material. The functional group assignments and the iron dopant incorporation has been analyzed and confirmed through FTIR and Raman results. The antibacterial activity test of Fe doped n-HAp mixed with amoxicillin antibiotic displays good inhibition to the bacterial strains.

Thyroid abscess following acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rare clinical condition. The ability of the thyroid gland to resist infection is well known, so that infection in the thyroid gland is rare. Here we are reporting a case of an adult woman who presented with painful neck swelling, diagnosed as thyroid abscess. The causal organism was found to be salmonella species. Intravenous antibiotics and hemithyroidectomy led to an uncomplicated recovery.

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, also known as abdominal cocoon, is a rare condition of unknown etiology which results in intestinal obstruction due to total or partial encapsulation of the small bowel by a fibrocollagenous membrane. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for preoperative diagnosis. The early clinical features are nonspecific and not recognized, which makes a definite preoperative diagnosis difficult. The radiological diagnosis of abdominal cocoon is now made on computed tomography scan. Surgery plays main role in the management of this disease. Careful dissection and excision of the thick sac with the release of the small bowel loops will lead to complete recovery in the vast majority of cases. Here, we are reporting a case of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis presented with delayed intestinal obstruction.

Gallstone ileus is a rare disease, and it accounts for 1–4% of all cases of mechanical intestinal obstruction. Incidence is more in elderly with a female predominance and may result in a high mortality rate. The diagnosis of gallstone ileus is difficult, and early diagnosis could reduce the mortality. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Here, we are reporting a case of 65-year-old lady presented as intestinal obstruction and later diagnosed to have cholecystoduodenal fistula causing gallstone ileus.

Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital anomaly of gastrointestinal tract with an incidence of 2% in the general population. It occurs due to the persistence of omphalomesenteric duct during embryonic period of life. It may be asymptomatic or can manifest as intestinal obstruction or massive lower GI bleeding. It usually presents before the age of 2 years and may contain ectopic tissue. Here, we are reporting a case of 7-year-old child with Meckel’s diverticulum presenting as painless bleeding per rectum and anemia.