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Nuclear medicine plays an increasingly important role in the management neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Somatostatin analogue (SSA)-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) have been used in clinical trials and approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) Focus 3 performed a multidisciplinary Delphi process to deliver a balanced perspective on molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). NETs form in cells that interact with the nervous system or in glands that produce hormones. These cells, called neuroendocrine cells, can be found throughout the body, but NETs are most often found in the abdomen, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. These tumours may also be found in the lungs, pancreas and adrenal glands. In addition to being rare, NETs are also complex and may be difficult to diagnose. Most NETs are non-functioning; however, a minority present with symptoms related to hypersecretion of bioactive compounds. NETs often do not cause symptoms early in the disease process. When diagnosed, substantial number of patients are already found to have metastatic disease. Several societies' guidelines address Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) management; however, many issues are still debated, due to both the difficulty in acquiring strong clinical evidence in a rare and heterogeneous disease and the different availability of diagnostic and therapeutic options across countries. EANM Focus 3 reached consensus on employing 68gallium-labelled somatostatin analogue ([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SSA)-based PET/CT with diagnostic CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for unknown primary NET detection, metastatic NET, NET staging/restaging, suspected extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and suspected paraganglioma. Consensus was reached on employing 18fluorine-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT in neuroendocrine carcinoma, G3 NET and in G1-2 NET with mismatched lesions (CT-positive/[68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SSA-negative). Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) was recommended for second line treatment for gastrointestinal NET with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SSA uptake in all lesions, in G1/G2 NET at disease progression, and in a subset of G3 NET provided all lesions are positive at [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SSA. PRRT rechallenge may be used for in patients with stable disease for at least 1 year after therapy completion. An international consensus is not only a prelude to a more standardised management across countries but also serves as a guide for the direction to follow when designing new research studies. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Both 68Ga-DOTA peptides and 18F-DOPA have been successfully used for PGL imaging: in particular 68GaDOTANOC was found to be superior to 18F-DOPA in extra-adrenal PGL, mostly at the H&N region. this case illustrates how the combined use of both radiopharmaceuticals can provide an accurate identification of both head and neck and abdominal region lesions.

Established vineyard soils may have high copper (Cu) contents due to the ongoing foliar applications of copper-based fungicides. In viticulture, the replacement of old vineyards with new vines is common practice, however,limited by Cu excess in soil and its toxicity to young grapevines. The application of phosphorus (P) and ar-buscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation are potential strategies to reduce Cu toxicity to young grapevines.This study aimed to assess the effects of phosphorus fertilization and AMF (Rhizophagus clarus) inoculation ongrowth and physiological parameters of young grapevines grown in soil with high Cu content. The experimentwas conducted in a greenhouse, where natural grassland soil was artificially contaminated by the addition of60 mg kg−1Cu. The soils were treated with and without AMF inoculation, combined with additions of 0, 40 and100 mg P kg−1. After 90 days of cultivation, grapevine plants were assessed for chlorophyllafluorescence,photosynthetic pigment contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, plant height, plant biomass, and con-centrations of Cu and P in roots and shoots. Phosphorus fertilization promoted increases in seedling growth(related to the increase of total P concentration in roots and shoots), soluble Pi concentration in leaves, and thequantum yield of the PSII (YII) (associated with a reduction in shoot Cu concentration). The AMF inoculationincreased the concentration of P in roots and shoots, soluble Pi in leaves and electron transport rate (ETR).Phosphorus fertilization and inoculation of grapevines with AMF are strategies capable of reducing Cu toxicity inyoung grapevines. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-09T00:39:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1s2.0S0304423819300342main.pdf: 737187 bytes, checksum: e56f2e19f3c7c1c42fd8c46862c1afa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Urea and organic compost are applied as a nitrogen (N) source in vineyards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield, total N content in the leaves and the must composition in grapevines with the application of organic compost and urea. ?Cabernet Sauvignon? grapevines, in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 crop seasons were subjected to the application of 40 kg N ha-1 in the form of organic compost and urea; but there were also unfertilized grapevines. In both crop seasons, leaves were collected at the stages of full flowering and at the change in color of the berries, and the total N content were analyzed; grape yield was evaluated and enological attributes were determined in the must. The application of organic compost and urea did not affect the N content in the leaf nor the grape yield in the second crop season evaluated. However, in the first crop season, grape yield was greater in the grapevines with application of organic compost to the soil. The addition of N sources did not affect the total nutrient content in the must but, in the second crop season, the grape must from the grapevines with the addition of organic compost had a lower soluble solids concentration and a higher total acidity value, as well as tartaric and malic acid values. KEYWORDS: nitrogen, leaf analysis, Vitis vinifera L. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-09T00:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 9112440881PB.pdf: 569941 bytes, checksum: abd987e4dcb9517e992b98ba776a2d1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

In soils rich in organic matter (OM), such as those in the elevations of South Brazil, the mineralized N from organic matter does not always meet the N demands of grapevines, thus, N applications are necessary during vine growth. However, the optimal N rate to achieve satisfactory yield and desirable grape enological composition is not known. The study aimed to evaluate yield and must composition of grapevine subjected to N applications, in relation to temperature and rainfall. The experiment was conducted in a vineyard planted in 2003 in the city of Água Doce, located in the Midwest region of the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The cultivar ‘Chardonnay’ grafted on rootstock 1103 Paulsen, planted in clay, high-OM soil was trained as a spur pruned cordon system. From 2011 to 2014, the grapevines were submitted to the application of N as urea at the following rates: 0, 20, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 split at bud sprout and full bloom. Leaves, collected at flowering and veraison, were dried, milled and analyzed for total N. At harvest, the number of clusters per plant and yield were recorded. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and tartaric acid were evaluated on must. Temperature and rainfall data were collected throughout the experiment. The application of N increased N concentration in leaves but had little effect on yield and must composition. According to principal component analysis, a negative correlation between rainfall and N in must was found. The highest N concentration in must was observed in crop season 2011/2012 with low rainfall; the opposite occurred in 2013/2014.

Soils which are cultivated with grapevines have high available copper (Cu) content, which can be toxic to cover crops cohabiting vineyards, such as black oats. This study aimed to assess the effect of liming in reducing Cu toxicity in black oats grown in sandy soils. Samples of a Typic Hapludalf were collected at 0-20cm, dried and subjected to the addition of Cu (0 to 50Mg kg-1) and limestone (0, 1.5, and 3.0Mg ha-1). The soil was placed in a rhizobox and black oats were grown for 30 days. We assessed root and shoot dry matter production, copper (Cu), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents in the tissues; Cu content in the root symplast and apoplast, as well as Cu, carbon and pH values in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Liming reduced Cu toxicity in black oats. Cu was preferentially accumulated in the roots, mostly in the apoplast, which may be the result of a plant tolerance mechanism to prevent the transport of Cu to the shoots. Key words: heavy metal, phytotoxicity, limestone, rhizosphere. RESUMO: Solos cultivados com videiras possuem alto teor de cobre (Cu) disponível, que pode ser tóxico às plantas de cobertura do solo que coabitam vinhedos, como a aveia preta. O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da calagem na redução da toxidez por Cu em plantas de aveia preta cultivadas em solo arenoso. Amostras de um Argissolo Vermelho foram coletadas na camada de 0-20cm, secas e submetidas à adição de duas doses de Cu (0 e 50Mg kg-1) e três de calcário (0, 1,5 e 3,0Mg ha-1). O solo foi acondicionado em rhizobox e submetido ao cultivo de aveia preta durante 30 dias. Avaliaram-se a produção de matéria seca das raízes e da parte aérea, o teor de cobre (Cu), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg) nos tecidos; o teor de Cu no simplasto e apoplasto das raízes, e os teores de Cu, de carbono e valores de pH no solo rizosférico e não rizosférico. A aplicação de calcário reduziu a toxidez por Cu na aveia preta. O Cu foi preferencialmente acumulado nas raízes, especialmente no apoplasto, o que pode ser resultado de mecanismo de tolerância das plantas para evitar o transporte de parte do elemento para a parte aérea. Palavras-chave: metal pesado, fitotoxidez, calcário, rizosfera. Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-12T00:42:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 16784596cr480420170278.pdf: 897764 bytes, checksum: 5e8b0ab8355da186bc08e2f8fb0151b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018

High copper (Cu) soil contents, due to the continuous vineyard application of Cu fungicides throughout the years, may impair the growth of the shoot and modify the structure of the root system. The current study aimed to investigate the threshold levels of available Cu in the soil causing toxicity effects in young grapevine plants of ‘Red Niagara’ cultivated in clay soils. Grapevine plantlets were cultivated in pots containing vineyard devoted soils with increasing contents of available Cu (25, 80, 100 and 165 mg kg?1 ), for 53 days. Photosynthesis and transpiration rates, and the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were evaluated during the cultivation period. At the end of the experiment, the plant nutrient and leaf chlorophyll were determined, along with the anatomical analysis of the root system structure and plant dry matter determination. Higher levels of available Cu in the soil increased the apoplastic, symplastic and total fraction of the metal in the roots, reducing the other nutrients, especially in the shoots. Photosynthesis, transpiration rates and Fv/Fm were also reduced. Higher levels of Cu led to anatomical changes in the roots, that increased diameter, number of layers in the cortex, vascular cylinder and total root areas. It also resulted in reduced dry matter production by grapevines. Keywords: Available Cu Net photosynthesis Maximum quantum yield Root diameter Vitis labrusca L Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-11T00:04:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Highcoppercontentinvineyardsoilspromotesmodi64257cationsin.pdf: 1434017 bytes, checksum: 77453d1f9f03c8da1881ad6ee30af116 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-09

High copper (Cu) soil contents, due to the continuous vineyard application of Cu fungicides throughout the years, may impair the growth of the shoot and modify the structure of the root system. The current study aimed to investigate the threshold levels of available Cu in the soil causing toxicity effects in young grapevine plants of ‘Red Niagara’ cultivated in clay soils. Grapevine plantlets were cultivated in pots containing vineyard devoted soils with increasing contents of available Cu (25, 80, 100 and 165 mg kg−1), for 53 days. Photosynthesis and transpiration rates, and the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were evaluated during the cultivation period. At the end of the experiment, the plant nutrient and leaf chlorophyll were determined, along with the anatomical analysis of the root system structure and plant dry matter determination. Higher levels of available Cu in the soil increased the apoplastic, symplastic and total fraction of the metal in the roots, reducing the other nutrients, especially in the shoots. Photosynthesis, transpiration rates and Fv/Fm were also reduced. Higher levels of Cu led to anatomical changes in the roots, that increased diameter, number of layers in the cortex, vascular cylinder and total root areas. It also resulted in reduced dry matter production by grapevines.

Aims: The objective of the study is to determine the demographics and the in-hospital outcome of diabetic and non-diabetic patients treated with percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in Europe, to report the type of equipment and technology used for PCI procedures in diabetics and to clarify whether the treatment of diabetic patients complies with current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. Methods and results: A total of 14,458 patients treated with PCI were enrolled from 29 member countries of the ESC between June 2005 and January 2006. Data were collected on patient characteristics and treatment, using new Cardiology Audit and Registration Data standards. In total, 3,603 patients (24.9%) were diabetic. Diabetics were older, more often female and had a higher body mass index than non-diabetics. Diabetics had higher rates of hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension, while current smokers were more frequent in the non-diabetics. Diabetics also had significantly higher rates of previous cardiovascular events. Clopidogrel was administered only in 48.1% of diabetic patients before PCI, while IIb/IIIa inhibitors were 22.9% during PCI. At discharge, there was a major adjustment of treatment with increases in the use of Beta-blocker (80.4%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, 71.3%) and statins (89.8%) compared with on admission (Beta-blocker 60.9%, ACEI 55.0%, statin 63.1%). Inhospital mortality was higher in diabetics (1.8% vs 1.2%) although the in-hospital MACCE rate was not significantly different (3.6% vs 3.0%, p=0.09). Conclusions: Diabetic patients treated with PCI were older with more comorbidity. According to ESC guideline, the under-usage of clopidogrel, GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors should be improved. PCI is now taken as a good opportunity to adjust the use of appropriate medication. © Europa Edition. All rights reserved.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) functional imaging is an evolving field that witnessed major advances in the past two decades. The routine use of PET/CT with an array of new radiotracers to specifically study NEN resulted in an increase in lesions detection. Currently, PET radiopharmaceuticals for NEN imaging include both metabolic ([18F]DOPA, [18F]FDG, [11C]/[18F]-HTP) and receptor-mediated compounds ([68Ga]DOTA-peptides). Discussion is still on-going regarding the clinical setting that may benefit the most from the use of one tracer over the other. [68Ga]DOTA-peptides are accurate for the detection of well differentiated NEN and are increasingly employed. Moreover, providing data on somatostatin receptors expression on NEN cells, they represent a fundamental procedure to be performed before starting therapy, as well as to guide treatment, with either hot or cold somatostatin analogues. The easy and economic synthesis process also favours their clinical employment even in centres without an on-site cyclotron. [18F]DOPA is accurate for studying well differentiated tumours however the difficult and expensive synthesis have limited its clinical employment. It currently can be successfully used for imaging tumours with variable to low expression of SSR (medullary thyroid carcinoma, neuroblastoma, pheocromocytoma), that cannot be accurately studied with [68Ga]DOTA-peptides. [11C]/[18F]-HTP has also been proposed to image well differentiated NEN, on the basis of serotonin pathway activity, for which [11C]/[18F]-HTP can be used as precursor. However, although preliminary data are encouraging, the feasibility of its widespread clinical use is still under discussion, mainly limited by a complex synthesis process and more proven advantages over other currently employed compounds. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status and clinical application of PET tracers to image well differentiated NEN and to focus on the still open-issues of debate.

A aplicação de calcário pode diminuir a toxidez de Cu em videiras jovens. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da calagem em solos com adição de Cu como estratégia de amenizar a toxidez do metal pesado em videiras jovens. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação utilizando solo coletado em uma área sem histórico de cultivo. O solo foi dividido em três porções iguais, que receberam doses de calcário correspondentes a 0, 12,6 e 25,2 Mg ha-1 . Após 45 dias de incubação, o solo recebeu doses crescentes de Cu: 0, 50, 100, 200 e 300 mg kg-1 de solo, aplicadas na forma de sulfato de Cu. Posteriormente, o solo foi incubado novamente por 45 dias. Em vasos contendo três quilogramas de solo, foram transplantadas estacas de videira ‘Niágara Rosada’. Após 103 dias de cultivo, os ramos das videiras foram podados e descartados. Aos 46 dias após a primeira poda, foram determinadas as clorofilas a e b (Índice de Clorofila Falker – ICF). O cultivo foi finalizado aos 77 dias após a primeira poda, quando foi determinada a área foliar e foi coletado material vegetal para a determinação da matéria seca (MS) de raízes e da parte aérea, e o acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e Cu em cada parte. O aumento das doses de Cu reduziu a MS de raízes e da parte aérea, a área foliar, as clorofilas a e b (ICF) e a absorção de todos os nutrientes nas videiras jovens. A calagem minimizou os efeitos causados pelo excesso de Cu. Palavras-chave adicionais: absorção de nutrientes; calagem; metal pesado; Vitis sp. Liming can reduce the toxicity of Cu in young vines. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of liming on soils with addition of Cu, as strategy to mitigate the toxicity of heavy metal in young vines. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using soil collected in area without history of cultivation. The soil was divided into three equal portions, which received doses of lime corresponding to 0, 12.6 and 25.2 Mg ha-1 . After 45 days of incubation, the soil has received increasing doses of Cu: 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg kg-1 , as a Cu sulfate. Subsequently, the soil was incubated again for 45 days. In pots containing three kilograms of soil, vine cuttings of 'Niagara Rosada' were transplanted. After 103 days of cultivation, the branches of the vines were pruned and discarded. 46 days after the first pruning, were determined chlorophyll a and b (Falker Chlorophyll Index – FCI). The cultivation was finished at 77 days after the first pruning, when it was determined the leaf area and plant material was collected for determination of dry matter (DM) of roots and shoots, and the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Cu in each part. Increasing doses of Cu reduced the dry matter of roots and shoots, leaf area, chlorophylls a and b (FCI) and uptake of all nutrients in young vines. Liming minimized the effects caused by Cu excess. Additional keywords: nutrients uptake; liming; heavy metal; Vitis sp

RESUMO: A aplicação de composto orgânico nas linhas e entrelinhas de videiras pode aumentar a disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo, afetando o estado nutricional das plantas, a produção e a composição das uvas. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o estado nutricional, a produção e a composição das uvas de ‘Niágara Rosada’ (Vitis labrusca L.) sob cobertura plástica e submetidas à aplicação de composto orgânico na linha e na entrelinha de plantio. O experimento foi conduzido em um vinhedo da cultivar Niágara Rosada sob cobertura plástica nas linhas de plantio em um Neossolo Litólico, em Bento Gonçalves (RS), Brasil. Em agosto de 2008 e 2009 foram aplicadas cinco doses crescentes de composto orgânico (0, 9, 18, 36 e 72 L/planta ano–1) na linha e entrelinha de plantio das videiras. Na safra de 2008/2009 foi avaliado o número de cachos por videira e a produção de uva, e na safra de 2009/2010 foi mensurada a concentração de nutrientes nas folhas, os componentes de produção e as características químicas da uva. A aplicação de doses de composto orgânico na linha ou entrelinha de plantio de videiras ‘Niágara Rosada’ cultivadas em um Neossolo Litólico pouco afeta o estado nutricional das plantas, a produção e a composição da uva. The application of organic compost in rows and between rows of vines can modify the availability of nutrients in the soil, affecting nutritional status, yield and characteristics of the grape. The experiment was carried out in 2008/10 to evaluate the leaf nutrient content, yield and grape composition of ‘Niagara Rosada’ vines grown with plastic covering in the plant rows in an Udorthent soil, in Bento Gonçalves (RS), Brazil. In August of 2008 and 2009, five doses of organic compost (0, 9, 18, 36 and 72 L plant–1 year–1) were applied, in the rows and between the rows of the vines. In 2008/09, the number of bunches and yield were evaluated. In 2009/2010, leaves were collected, oven-dried, and weighed, and nutrient content was analyzed. In addition, yield components, grape yield and grape composition (pH, total soluble solids, total acidity, tartaric and malic acids) were evaluated. The application of doses of organic compost in the row and between the plant rows of ‘Niagara Rosada’ vines has little effect on the nutritional state, yield and must composition.

A aplicação de composto orgânico no solo pode incrementar a produção de pêssego, porém parte do N pode ser perdido por lixiviação e volatilização. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas, a produção de pêssego, a lixiviação de formas de N no solo e a volatilização de N-NH3 em um pomar de pessegueiro com a adição de composto orgânico produzido a partir de resíduos de agroindústrias de suco, resíduos de abatedouro de aves e serragem. O pomar foi implantado em 2009 e, em julho de 2010, 2011 e 2012, foram aplicados 0, 3, 6, 12 e 24L de composto por m2 e avaliaram-se os teores totais de nutrientes nas folhas e a produção. Em 2012, usando lisímetros instalados a 20 e a 40cm de profundidade, avaliaram-se as formas de N lixiviadas na solução percolada nos tratamentos 0 e 24L de composto. Usando câmeras coletoras, foi avaliada a volatilização de N-NH3 em todos os tratamentos até 478h depois da deposição do composto no solo. A aplicação de composto na superfície do solo incrementou o teor de K e N nas folhas completas, aumentando a produção de frutos. A aplicação de composto no fl orescimento aumentou a concentração de nitrato na solução do solo, somente na profundidade de 20cm. A emissão de amônia aumentou com o incremento da dose de composto aplicado, especialmente e nos períodos de maior temperatura. Palavras-chave: resíduo orgânico, N mineral, Prunus persica. The application of organic compost to the soil can increase the production of peach, although part of the N may be lost by leaching and volatilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status, yield of peaches, leaching of N forms and volatilization of NH3 -N in a peach orchard with the addition of compost produced from agroindustrial juice waste, poultry slaughterhouse residues and sawdust. The orchard was established in 2009, and in july 2010, 2011 and 2012 the quantities of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24L of organic compost per m2 were applied on a peach orchard and the total nutrient content in leaves and production was evaluated. In 2012, using lysimeters installed at 20 and 40cm deep in the soil, it was measured the forms of N in the solution in the treatments of 0 and 24L of compost. The volatilization of NH3 -N was assessed in all the treatments up to 478h after compost application on the soil. The application of compost on the soil surface increased the content of K and N in whole leaves, increasing fruit production. The compost application at fl owering increased the concentration of nitrate in the soil solution at a depth of only 20cm. The ammonia emission increased especially with the augmenting dose of compost applied, and in periods of higher temperature. Key words: organic waste, mineral N, Prunus persica.

This paper focuses on convergence and divergence dynamics among leading British and French business schools and explores how the pressure for accreditation influences these dynamics. We illustrate that despite historical differences in approaches to management education in Britain and France, these approaches have converged partly based on the influence of the American model of management education but more recently through the pursuit of accreditation, in particular AASCB and EQUIS. We explore these dynamics through the application of the resource-based view of the firm and institutional theory and suggest that whilst achieving accreditation is a necessary precursor for international competition, it is no longer a form of competitive advantage. The pursuit of accreditation has fostered a form of competitive mimicry reducing national distinctiveness. The resource-based view of the firm suggests that the top schools need a more heterogeneous approach that is not easily replicable if they are to outperform the competitors. Consequently, the convergence of management education in Britain and France will become a new impetus for divergence. We assert that future growth and competitive advantage might be better achieved through the reassertion of national, regional and local cultural characteristics.

Genitourinary (GU) tract cancers comprise a variety of tumors, which includes some of the most common malignancies in men and women. As a result of the importance of GU neoplasms and the success of positron emission tomography (PET) in imaging and staging cancer, PET with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been used to depict and stage ovarian, cervical and testicular cancers. The early success of FDG PET in imaging GU tumors is tempered by the fact that some neoplasms of GU origin do not accumulate sufficient FDG for successful imaging. As a result, alternative agents, such as [11C]choline and [11C]acetate, have been used to image prostate cancer and may have utility in bladder cancer, while other PET agents are currently under active evaluation for this and other GU neoplasms. In this paper, we review the current literature and our experience in role of PET in imaging cancers of the GU tract.