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International audience; As a stand-alone musical style, Beatboxing is of particular interest to speech scientists because it uses speech sounds or speech-like sounds to create music that often has no linguistic content The Human Beatbox, particular utilization of the vocal tract, with the voice at the limits of singing is a new branch of Hip-Hop, 1970. It is a vocal and physical imitation of musical instruments such as trumpet, muted trumpet, electric guitar, electric saturated guitar or Kick, Snare, Hihat or electronic sounds like scratching. It is a new vocal technique involving only physiological elements to transform vocal timbre in musical sounds. Laryngeal behaviour: The aim of this presentation is to give some information about its complex laryngeal articulation and phonation types, with no laryngeal pathology. We provide here a basis for understanding on the laryngeal behavior and resonators, and on aerodynamic adaptations for the production of beatboxed sounds. These multiple and unexpected combinations of laryngeal postures that can be explained by the Laryngeal Articulator Model (Esling et al. 2019): pharyngeal muscle used to significantly narrow the vocal tract to generate high pitches, and arytenoids also appeared to have had vibratory function in sound generation. These performers overall had remarkable independent control of various laryngopharyngeal subsites to Human Beatbox.The vocal tract adopts specific behaviour for each instrument imitated. The ‘tubular’ or enlarged configuration of the larynx, associated with the closed or almost closed oral cavity, can be reconciled with the behaviour described by Titze (2001) in the framework of impedance (harmonic strengthening with no vocal effort) or twang (‘healthy voice configuration’). Beatboxers are therefore using optimal conditions. Behaviour of compression of the pharynx and larynx are similar to those described by some authors as ‘laryngeal adjustments’, such as ‘glottal stop’, or the ‘aryepiglottal stop’, These compressions have been described as pathological laryngeal behaviour in dysphonia and are reminiscent of Type III (transversal compression of the false vocal folds) and IV (anteroposterior compression of the epilarynx) behaviour described by Koufman et al. (1996). However, we found no dysphonia among beatboxers. The successful achievement of sound suggests pharyngeal and laryngeal muscle structure operating at full capacity.Acoustics: ‘Bass sounds’ mark the rhythm and the instruments and electronic sounds bring the musicality.Aeorynamics: Human Beatbox sounds involve both inhalation and exhalation during their production, and both non-pulmonary and pulmonary airflow. The use of a non-pulmonic airflow allows some dissociation between sound production and ventilation, with both egressive and ingressive airstreams The humming sounds were produced via a lingual ingressive (velaric) or egressive airstream This allows the beatboxer to perform multiple actions at the same time, such as breathing or producing a melodic line through the nose without being silent. The tongue and larynx may be used in concert to produce a more effective pushing action. Most sounds produced by spoken language and singing are exhaled sounds. However, beatboxing incorporates inhaled sounds which likely serves at least two main purposes—the first of which allows for the performer to complete respiratory cycles without interrupting the continuity of a sequence of beats, and the second which produces sounds not executable by exhalation.Conclusion: Educational and therapeutic perspectives: beatboxing techniques (HBB) may be protective of the true vocal folds by using the entire vocal tract for sound production.Its aerodynamic is useful to infer articulatory details (i.e. occlusion) and map it to the acoustic output (i.e. velopharyngeal aperture)With pharyngeal voice techniques, HBB help improve glottic closure, which is relevant for partial laryngectomy, vocal fold immobility…With its different patterns of articulatory coordination such as mandibular opening and articulator agility, synchronization, it can be useful for dysarthria, dyspraxis, stuttering (toning the patient's laryngo-pharyngo-oro-facial region)With its breathing management, rhythm control, and body gesture that accompanies speech, it can be useful for Parkinson’s syndrom…

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Introduction- 97 langues possèdent à la fois des voyelles et des consonnes nasales (Maddieson, 1984)Cas du français qui utilise ce trait de nasalité- Trait défini par l’abaissement (+nasal) et l’élévation (-nasal) du voile du palais. Mouvement articulatoire simple mais conséquences aérodynamiques et acoustiques complexes- Multiples problématiques acoustiques, aérodynamiques, articulatoires et perceptives demeurent encore de nos jours (Vaissière et al., 2010).- Nécessité d’une approche multiparamétrique de le nasalité (Vaissière, 1995 ; Amelot, 2004 ; Amelot, et al., 2004 ; Basset et al., 2007, Bettens et al., 2013)

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International audience; Observation and measurement of vocal folds vibration and glottal opening during speech requires techniques as little invasive as possible for the subject. The LPP has developed the External Photoglottograph (ePGG) system. It consists of illuminating the glottis through the neck skin with an infrared light and recording light variation intensity modulated by glottal movement with a photodiode placed across the larynx. The system is tested on two mechanical larynx replicas. The first one consists of two rigid half cylinders in forced oscillation controlled by a step motor. The second one is flow driven and uses latex tubes filled with water in order to reproduce vocal folds self-oscillation. Time-varying glottal area is measured accurately for both replicas. Experimental results are compared to ePGG recordings in order to assess the correlation between area measurements and ePGG signal. This characterization is used to propose a calibration of the glottal opening as a function of parameters affecting the ePGG signal (distance, angle, skin, tissue, system setting, etc.).

International audience

The nasal cavity contributes to voice resonance and changes in these structures can alter voice quality. The role of the sinus as resonators for voice production is still controversial. The aim of our prospective study was to evaluate acoustic changes for a professional singer before and six month after sinus surgery. We extracted the vowels /a,i,u/ from a French text and a self evaluation of voice handicap. Objective measures of fundamental frequency, formant frequencies (F1 & F2) and their bandwidth, and voice quality parameters (LTAS and H1*-H2*) were performed. No statistical differences were identified for all our measures although the patient felt an improvement in his singing voice. Our results for French language confirm what has been observed in most of the international literature in other languages. Therefore, we can provide an informed consent based on objective measures for patients undergoing sinus surgery., Les fosses nasales participent à la résonance vocale et toute modification de ces structures peut altérer la qualité vocale. Le rôle des sinus comme résonateurs dans la production vocale reste plus controversé. Le but de notre étude prospective était d’explorer d’éventuelles modifications acoustiques chez un chanteur professionnel en pré et post-opératoire après chirurgie naso-sinusienne unilatérale. A partir de la lecture d’un texte, nous avons extrait les voyelles /a,i,u/ pour mesurer les paramètres acoustiques de fréquence (F0), des formants F1et F2, de leur largeur de bande, et de qualité vocale (LTAS et H1*-H2*). L’étude a été complétée par une auto-évaluation de la qualité de voix. Nos résultats n’ont pas permis de mettre en évidence de différence statistiquement significative des paramètres acoustiques bien que le patient ait signalé une impression d’amélioration vocale chantée. Ces résultats pour le français confirment ceux de la littérature et peuvent servir à informer les patients.

International audience

International audience; What are the acoustic and articulatory characteristics of spoken and sung vowels in the Cantu in Paghjella (Corsican polyphony for three voices), depending on the singer, the vowel and the fundamental frequency? The acoustic analysis of the first four formants in speech and singing, and the tongue and lips movements analysis usually show (i) a significant increase in F1, with decrease of tongue height but decrease of labial opening, in connection with a correlation between F0 and F1; (ii) a decrease of F2 for the front vowels, a lingual posteriorisation and a posteriorisation of the hyoid shadow only for the bassu; (iii) an increase of F3 and F4 mostly for the bassu; (iv) an increase of the Singing Power Ratio, mainly for the bassu and the secunda. Its values are however lower than those of opera singers and do not correspond to a clustering of F3 and F4.; Quelles sont les caractéristiques acoustiques et articulatoires des voyelles parlées et chantées du Cantu in Paghjella (polyphonie corse à trois voix), en fonction du chanteur, de la voyelle et de la fréquence fondamentale ? L’analyse acoustique des quatre premiers formants de la parole au chant et celle des mouvements articulatoires lingual et labial, montrent généralement (i) une significative augmentation de F1 avec abaissement lingual mais fermeture labiale, en lien avec une corrélation entre F0 et F1 ; (ii) une baisse de F2 pour les voyelles antérieures, une postériorisation linguale et un recul de l’ombre hyoïdienne uniquement pour le bassu ; (iii) une nette augmentation de F3 et F4 surtout chez le bassu ; (iv) une augmentation du Singing Power Ratio surtout chez les bassu et secunda. Ses valeurs sont toutefois inférieures à celles de chanteurs lyriques, et ne correspondant pas comme ces derniers à un rapprochement de F3 et F4.

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International audience; The present research addresses three issues in the phonetics of Hanoi Vietnamese: (i) What are the airflow characteristics of the obstruent-final rhymes? (ii) Rhymes with final nasal consonants /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ show no acoustic trace of the final nasal segment when they carry tone B2 (orthographic tone nặng); does the nasal airflow on these rhymes differ significantly from what is observed on obstruent-final rhymes (which, from a phonological point of view, do not have any nasal segment)? (iii) How often are nasal-final, glottally constricted rhymes followed by a nasal release, and is this release similar to the nasal release which has been reported for rhymes with final obstruents /p/, /t/, /k/? Nasal airflow measurements of 391 syllables read by one speaker (and supporting data from two other speakers) go to show that nasal airflow does not distinguish successfully between nasal-final rhymes carrying tone B2 and obstruent-final rhymes, and that unvoiced nasal release is more frequent after obstruents /p/, /t/, /k/ than after B2-tone rhymes ending in nasals. By contrast, simultaneously recorded oral airflow brings out a clear difference between these two sets of rhymes, confirming that voice quality plays a key role in maintaining the distinction between these rhymes, which are similar from the point of view of oral articulation.

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International audience; This paper deals with new capturing technologies to safeguard and transmit endangered intangible cultural heritage including Corsican multipart singing technique. The described work, part of the European FP7 i-Treasures project, aims at increasing our knowledge on rare singing techniques. This paper includes (i) a presentation of our light hyper-helmet with 5 non-invasive sensors (microphone, camera, ultrasound sensor, piezoelectric sensor, electroglottograph), (ii) the data acquisition process and software modules for visualization and data analysis, (iii) a case study on acoustic analysis of voice quality for the UNESCO labelled traditional Cantu in Paghjella. We have identified specific features for this singing style, such as changes in vocal quality, especially concerning the energy in the speaking and singing formant frequency region, a nasal vibration that seems to occur during singing, as well as laryngeal mechanism characteristics. These capturing and analysis technologies will contribute to define relevant features for a future educational platform.

International audience; This paper deals with new capturing technologies to safeguard and transmit endangered intangible cultural heritage including Corsican multipart singing technique. The described work, part of the European FP7 i-Treasures project, aims at increasing our knowledge on rare singing techniques. This paper includes (i) a presentation of our light hyper-helmet with 5 non-invasive sensors (microphone, camera, ultrasound sensor, piezoelectric sensor, electroglottograph), (ii) the data acquisition process and software modules for visualization and data analysis, (iii) a case study on acoustic analysis of voice quality for the UNESCO labelled traditional Cantu in Paghjella. We could identify specific features for this singing style, such as changes in vocal quality, especially concerning the energy in the speaking and singing formant frequency region, a nasal vibration that seems to occur during singing, as well as laryngeal mechanism characteristics. These capturing and analysis technologies will contribute to define relevant features for a future educational platform.

International audience; Production of French nasal vowels by Spanish and Colombian learners of French The aim of this article is to describe the production of the French nasal vowels in words and non-words produced by two Spanish female and two Colombian female learners of French as a Foreign Language (FFL) and two French native speakers in three different syllabic positions: word-initial, word-medial (interconsonantic position in a CVCV sequence), and final-word position. Their productions were compared using a piezoelectric accelerometer which recorded the nasal vibrations. The acoustic results show an important variability in the three syllabic positions regarding the duration of the nasal vowels and the nasal RMS (Root Mean Square) of the piezoelectric accelerometer signal. In final-word position, the difference of duration between [a, ɛ, o] and [ ɛ̃, ɑ̃, ɔ̃] is not statistically significant in the two groups of Spanish speakers. The Colombian group uses more acoustic nasal energy than the Spanish group. KEY WORDS: nasal vowels, piezoelectric accelerometer, French as a Foreign Language, nasal RMS, oral RMS, vocalic nasality, syllabic position, Spanish speakers; L'objectif de cette étude est de décrire la production des voyelles nasales françaises dans des mots et des logatomes produits par deux apprenantes espagnoles, deux apprenantes colombiennes du Français Langue Etrangère (FLE) et deux françaises natives dans trois positions syllabiques : initiale absolue, initiale inter-consonantique dans une séquence CVCV, et position finale de mot. Nous avons comparé leurs productions à l'aide d'un accéléromètre piézoélectrique enregistrant les vibrations nasales. Les résultats montrent une importante variabilité dans les trois positions syllabiques concernant (1) la durée des voyelles nasales notamment chez les colombiennes et (2) le RMS (Root Mean Square) nasal. En position finale de mot, la différence de durée entre [a, ɛ, o] et [ ɛ̃, ɑ̃, ɔ̃] n'est pas significative dans les deux groupes d'hispanophones. Le groupe colombien utilise plus d'énergie acoustique nasale par rapport au groupe espagnol.

International audience

Résumés des actes du congrès disponibles en ligne au lien suivant: http://voicefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Abstracts-20141.pdf; International audience; Scales have been developed to report efficiently muscle-­mucosal relationship at the vocal fold and false vocal folds level, and their consequences on voicing and vocal timbre. Our study is three fold: i) we created a qualitative three-­dimensional anatomical-­dynamic visual scale OCM (Open, Close, Movement) to describe the vocal tract;; ii) moreover, we developed Matlab software to quantify the changes in the two axes at the laryngeal and pharyngeal levels;; iii) we illustrated our qualitative and quantitative scales on a special vocal technique called the Human Beatbox. The aim of this study was to quantify laryngo-­pharyngeal mobility and adjustments for stylistic effects in this vocal technique. We have performed a descriptive analysis of three beatboxers by observing their vocal tract behaviour with fiberscopic imaging. The corpus was based on the production of three groups of sounds: the "bass sounds", the "instrumental sounds" and the "electronic sounds". Results: From an anatomical-­dynamic point of view, beatboxers mobilise all the structures of their laryngo-­pharynx separately. We could describe four types of laryngo-­pharyngeal configuration and three dynamic elements. For example, our first results concerning the "percussion sounds" show that the width of the false vocal folds makes the difference while the glottis is completely closed. There is nearly no movement at the ary-­epiglottic level. The measurement scale is a valuable tool to describe vocal tract agility and can be applied to describe physiological behaviour in different artistic or linguistic situations but can also be used to quantify pathological pharyngo-­laryngeal movements and help to understand compensation strategies and guide the rehabilitation process.

International audience

Résumé long de la communication visible au lien suivant: http://www.qmu.ac.uk/casl/conf/ultrafest%5F2013/docs/AJaumard-Hakoun_1_Ultrafest.pdf; International audience; The i-Treasures project, which officially began on 1 February 2013, is a 12-partner FP7 project that proposes to use multi- sensor technology to capture, preserve, and transmit four types of intangible cultural heritage, referred to as 'use cases': rare traditional songs, rare dance interactions, traditional craftsmanship and contemporary music composition. Methodologies used will include body and gesture recognition, vocal tract modeling, speech processing and electroencephalography (EEG). The "Rare traditional songs" use case, which will be the focus of our work, targets Corsican "cantu in Paghjella", Sardinian "Canto a tenore", Mt. Athos Greek byzantine hymns and the recent "Human beat box" styles. The final objective of the "Rare traditional songs" use case is to capture vocal tract movements with sufficient accuracy to drive a real-time 2D or 3D avatar of the vocal tract, which will in turn play a crucial role in the transmitting of captured invisible cultural heritage to future generations. The acquisition sensors are: multi-sensor helmet, nose-mounted accelerometer, camera, ultrasound probe, Electroglottograph, Microphone and breathing belt. This system is described in this study, and also the vocal tract modeling, the preliminary data processing, and the extracting tongue contour method.

cf. deuxième fichier attaché qui est l'article contenu dans les actes parus en 2016; International audience; Cette étude s'intéresse à la production du voisement de /b/ et /d/ dans différentes positions prosodiques en français, produit par trois apprenantes taïwanaises en comparaison à des locutrices natives. Les trois apprenantes parlent mandarin et holo, et possédent dans leurs premières langues deux systèmes différents pour la réalisation de ces occlusives : i) opposition entre non-aspirées /p/ et /t/ et aspirées /ph/ et /th/ en mandarin (il n'existe pas d'opposition de voisement dans cette langue), et ii) opposition de voisement entre /b/ et /p/ en holo (la consonne /d/ n'existe pas dans cette langue). Nos résultats confirment que pour les trois natives françaises le voisement est présent sur la quasi-totalité de ces deux occlusives. Pour les apprenantes des schémas acoustiques très différents sont réalisés selon les apprenantes supposant que d'autres facteurs entrent en jeu : une des trois locutrices arrive à produire le voisement des occlusives de façon similaire aux locutrices natives. Pour /b/, la durée moyenne du voisement durant la consonne pour les deux autres locutrices se situe autour de 50% (c'est-à-dire que la moitié de la consonne est voisée), avec une forte différence selon la position prosodique pour la locutrice 2. La durée moyenne du voisement est plus variable pour /d/, avec notamment pour locutrice 2 une durée du voisement proche de 100% (soit la totalité de la consonne) en initiale et de seulement 38% en intervocalique. La locutrice 3 produit la consonne /d/ sans trace de voisement durant la consonne indépendamment de la position prosodique.

National audience

Diaporama de la communication orale disponible en ligne au lien suivant: http://cblle.tufs.ac.jp/ipfc/assets/files/IPFC2012-Paris/IPFC2012_BRKAN%20et%20al_nasales.pdf; International audience; Etude de la nasalité du FLE à l'aide d'un accéléromètre piézoélectrique chez les locutrices natives et bosniaques: comparaison des données du corpus IPFC et d'un corpus spécifique

International audience; The aim of this paper is to compare the production of French nasal vowels pronounced by 5 French native speakers and 5 Bosnian learners of French. In Bosnian, phonological nasal vowels do not occur. To record our data, we used a piezoelectric accelerometer which captured nasal vibrations from the lateral bone of the nose. We wanted to see the contribution of this instrument to the analysis of nasality for didactic purposes. The acoustic data show that the length difference between [a, $, o] and ["#, $#, %#] is maintained in both languages by all speakers. Nasal vowels are longer then oral vowels. This difference is bigger in Bosnian than in French. Furthermore, our quantitative data from the mean percentage of RMS don't show significant difference between Bosnian and French speakers: (1) when it's about oral/nasal distinction and (2) difference between 3 nasal vowels. Piezoelectric accelerometer could provide interesting indications in a classroom.; Le but de cette étude est de comparer la production des 3 voyelles nasales du français prononcées par 5 locutrices françaises natives et 5 locutrices bosniaques apprenantes du Français Langue Etrangère (FLE). Le bosniaque ne possède pas de voyelles nasales. Les enregistrements ont été réalisés avec un accéléromètre piézoélectrique capturant les vibrations nasales au niveau de l'os latéral du nez. Nous voulons connaitre l'apport de cet instrument pour les analyses de nasalité en didactique du FLE. Les résultats acoustiques montrent que [",# $#, %#], sont plus longues que [a, $, o] chez tous les locuteurs et plus particulièrement chez les locutrices bosniaques. Les données quantitatives à partir du signal RMS (Root Mean Square) de l'accéléromètre piezoélectrique ne montrent pas de différences notoires entre les deux populations en ce qui concerne : (1) la distinction oral/nasal et (2) les différences entre les 3 voyelles nasales. L'accéléromètre piézoélectrique pourrait apporter des indications intéressantes en classe de langue.

Diaporama powerpoint publié en ligne au lien suivant: http://cblle.tufs.ac.jp/ipfc/assets/files/IPFC2011-Paris/4_IPFC2011_PILLOT-LOISEAU%20et%20AMELOT_Utilisation_accelerometre_nasalite_FLE.pdf CONFERENCE INVITEE; International audience; L'étude de la nasalité contextuelle pour la production de mots et de logatomes en contextes bilabial et dental est effectuée dans des phrases cadre du type "vous dites ... six fois" chez trois locutrices bosniaques apprenantes du FLE (niveaux B2 et C1), et trois locutrices françaises du même âge. L'enregistrement acoustique utilise un micro serre-tête et un accéléromètre piézoélectrique permettant le calcul du RMS du signal acoustique nasal. La durée des voyelles orales et nasales, leur RMS moyen, au début, milieu et à la fin de celles-ci et l'examen des appendices nasals pour ces deux catégories de locutrices révèle 1) une plus grande amplitude du signal piézoélectrique chez les françaises (tendance significative); 2) une différence de valeur du RMS moyen entre les voyelles orale et nasale plus marquée chez ces même locutrices; 3) des RMS moyens plus élevés pour les mots que les logatomes pour les bosniaques; 4) un RMS moyen plus élevé pour la voyelle "on"; 5) un RMS à la fin des voyelles nasales supérieur à celui du début de ces voyelles pour les mots produits par les bosniaques seulement, signifiant chez ces dernières un temps d'établissement de la nasalité plus important que pour les natives; 6) l'existence d'appendices nasals après les voyelles nasales plus abondants chez les bosniaques. Bien que méritant l'analyse de productions d'une population plus importante de sujets, cette étude préliminaire révèle l'intérêt de l'utilisation de l'accéléromètre piézoélectrique pour étudier les aspects temporels de la nasalisation et le degré de nasalité chez des locuteurs du Français Langue Etrangère.

International audience; This study compares four nasalance measures computed as ratios between the amplitude of signals recorded with accelerometers and microphones. Two new measures based on RMS amplitude differences between the nasal signal and either the vocal folds vibration signal (LND) or the oral acoustic signal (OND) are introduced. Measures were compared on a total of 584 utterances produced by four native French speakers. Results show that (1) all measures separate nasal from oral consonants, (2) the different experimental setups cannot be considered equivalent, (3) difference-based measures appear to better describe the time course of nasality than ratio-based measures.

ppt available at : Lien sur ppt : http://www.personnels.univ-paris3.fr/users/vaissier/pub/ARTICLES/vaissiere_2011_IFCP.pdf [; International audience; Cette communication traite de la réalisation du trait nasal en français. Après un rappel de la place des études de la nasalisation au LPP, ,nous traitons des points suivants: 1) diverses définitions du mot "nasalité". La nasalité peut être définie sous divers plans, reliés, mais pas identiques. 2) les instrumentations existantes pour l'étude de la nasalité 3) la (non) correspondance entre les voyelles nasales su français et les voyelles orales du français: il n'existe pas en français deux voyelles qui s'opposent uniquement par le relèvement/l'abaissement du voile (cf. les travaux de Zerling, à Strasbourg) 4) les effets acoustiques de l'ouverture du voile du palais sur les voyelles 5) la proximité phonétique entre les voyelles du français (non directement reliée à layer proximité en termes de traits distinctifs 6) révision de l'échelle traditionnelle de résistance à la nasalisation contextuelle au vu des données sur la parole spontanée en français 7) un point de vue orignal: l'alignement du trait nasal en français, en fonction de la structure syllabique

International audience; The long-term goal of LPP is to achieve an integrated model of phonetics and phonology. It also works on applications to clinical phonetics and language learning. LPP has recently assembled a research platform for investigating the behavior of each speech organ involved in speech production. The platform is elaborated by a joint effort between engineers, phoneticians and clinicians. It provides tools to investigate various phenomena of coordination and compensation across speech organs that are observed in the production of speech by normal or pathological speakers, foreign language learners, and singers. The paper described the instrumentation techniques, both conventional and new, that are currently used at our laboratory for investigating the behavior of the speech organs involved in speech production. The examples that were provided highlight the innovative value of the multisensory platform for phonetic studies. The first example combined fi berscopic and aerodynamic data for the study of nasality; the second combined photoglottography, pneumotachography and intraoral pressure measurements for the study of glottal articulation. Both illustrate the benefit of using several exploratory techniques in parallel, suggesting that data based on a single technique can be misleading. Research issues in phonetics and phonology include patterns of synchronic variation and evolutionary paths (in particular prosodic influences over the realization of segments) and typological patterns of phoneme distributions and phonotactic constraints (in particular recurrent asymmetries within sound systems). Progress in analyses and models requires the study of physiological, articulatory, acoustic, aerodynamic and perceptual parameters.

APLIUT: Association des Professeurs de Langues des Instituts Universitaires de Technologie; National audience; The pronunciation and the prosody of learners of French as a Foreign Language (FFL) are studied by means of: 1) the choice of criteria for profiling learners of FFL; 2) a preliminary reflection on the creation and recording of a corpus; 3) a feasibility test of the corpus; 4) acoustic and physiological recordings of learners and of French native speakers in the Phonetics Laboratory. This approach has allowed us to refine the corpus, and will allow the creation of a database containing acoustic and physiological measurements. Several consequent pedagogical implications are then studied: assessment grids before and after the teaching of pronunciation and appropriate pronunciation exercises.; La prononciation et la prosodie d'apprenants de Français Langue Etrangère (FLE) sont étudiées au travers : 1) du choix de critères de présentation des apprenants du FLE ; 2) d'une réflexion préalable à la création d'un corpus et à la passation de son enregistrement ; 3) d'un test de faisabilité du corpus ; 4) d'un enregistrement acoustique et physiologique d'apprenants et de sujets témoins. Cette approche a permis la réadaptation du corpus, et ouvre la perspective de l'établissement d'une base de données comportant des mesures acoustiques et physiologiques. Il en découle plusieurs implications pédagogiques étudiées ultérieurement : grilles d'évaluation avant et après un cours de prononciation, exercices de prononciation appropriés.

International audience; Le Laboratoire de Phonétique et Phonologie s'est vu attribuer en 2008 par le CNRS la mission de constituer une plateforme d'investigation physiologique de la parole. Après une description des processus en jeu dans la parole, les difficultés propres à l'observation du conduit vocal sont évoquées. Puis, les instruments retenus dans la constitution de la plateforme sont présentés ainsi que leur principe de fonctionnement et leur intérêt. Enfin, les étapes qui ont précédé le choix définitif du matériel et les critères de sélection sont exposés.

Mesure de l'intensité

ppt available at http://www.personnels.univ-paris3.fr/users/vaissier/pub/ARTICLES/vaissiere_2009_montpellier.pdf; International audience; There are some discrepancies on the results concerning nasality in the publications. These discrepancies can be explained by a difference in instrumentation, or in the corpus or the style or the speaker. For examples, EMG-based studies tend to conclude to a large nasal anticipation, as do fiberscopic studies ; aerodynamic data generally report more extensive carry-over than anticipatory phenomena. An open velopharyngeal port does not necessarily lead to acoustic couling and nasalisation.The meaning of term " nasal " is therefore source of misunderstanding and need to be expressed . Without physiological data, it is difficult to separate, for example, acoustic nasal mora and voice decay time after a unvoiced stop. There may be a positive nasal airflow when the velopharyngeal port is close, due to the pumping or pushing effect. Nasal airflow depends on airfow resistance (as well known, low vowels tend to have a lower velum, but have less nasal airflow, more coupling is necessary to perceive them as nasal. There is a uncontrollable timing of post-pausal nasal raising, prepausal lowering and declination. The " formants " due to the tongue (and lip) configuration the oral cavity cannot be measured in nasalized portions of speech !!!

National audience; Résultats du Photonasographe

Simultaneous photoelectric (nasograph) and video-fiberscopic technique was used to evaluate the difference in the temporal patters of French nasal vowels among acoustics (Vn), velopharyngeal port opening/closing (OV), and velar movements (MV) for two speakers. As expected MV starts before OV and it also starts before the vowel acoustic onset Vn for the two speakers. The opening phase of the velopharyngeal port is longer than the closing phase. The velum position (height) necessary to open the velopharyngeal port appears to be constant regardless of the identity of the nasal vowels and phonetic contexts.

National audience; The velic height corresponding to a vowel depends on the identity of the vowel, and of the neighboring context, and on the position of the phoneme in the word and in relation to the stress. In order to study the velic height of the nasal vowels placed in nonwords in Brazilian Portuguese, we measured (with the help of fiberscopic data) the velar movements, for one speaker. Our results confirm that the identity of the vowel influences the height of the velum.

International audience

International audience; The contrast between oral and nasal vowels in French is known to involve secondary cues in addition to nasality; it is an open issue to what extent differences of velum height between the two sets of vowels are preserved in rapid speech. This study compares the velar movements for nasal vowels and consonants; it investigates contextual nasalisation; and it provides new data on how nasalisation is affected by speech rate. Velar position is measured with an electromagnetic articulatograph(EMA) for two French speakers. Our resultsconfirm that (i) nasal vowels are produced with a lowervelum height than nasal consonants; (ii) the contrast between nasal and oral vowels is maintained in nasal context; (iii) velum height targets for nasal and oral segments show some overlap, especially sequences of nasal consonant + oral vowels or liquids; and (iv) nasal vowels have a relatively longer duration which is preserved under rapid speech rate.

Publication de l'ex-équipe Structures du Code de GIPSA-lab; International audience

The goal of this work is to contribute to the problem of the temporal relationship between nasal airflow and velic movement. Simultaneous aerodynamic and fiberoptic data have been taken during the production of French nasal consonant [m] and [n]. Three French native speakers have read 238 CVNVCV logatoms where C=[m] or [n] and V = [a,i,u)]. The duration of the nasal murmur, the nasal air flow, velic movement and the direction of nasal feature spreading is analyzed. The results indicate a great interspeaker variability between nasal consonant [m] and [n]. As expected, the duration of velum movement is longer than the duration of the nasal airflow. Propagation of velum movement is anticipatory and progressive and propagation of nasal airflow is more progressive than regressive., Le but de ce travail est d'apporter une contribution aux problèmes des relations temporelles entre le flux d'air nasal et les mouvements d'abaissement et d'élévation du voile du palais. Des données aérodynamiques et fibroscopiques ont été prises simultanément, durant la production des consonnes [m] et [n]. Trois locuteurs de français “ parisien ” ont lu 238 logatomes du type VNVCV (C=[m] ou [n] et V=[a,i,u]). Les durées acoustiques, aérodynamiques, articulatoires et le sens de la propagation du trait nasal sur les voyelles adjacentes ont été analysés. Les résultats indiquent une grande variabilité en fonction de la consonne nasale, du locuteur et de l'entourage vocalique. La durée du mouvement vélaire pour un cycle complet (de la position haute du voile du palais suivie d'un abaissement, puis d'un retour à une position haute) est plus grande que la durée de la présence du flux d'air nasal durant la production de la consonne nasale. La propagation du mouvement vélaire est autant régressive que progressive alors que la propagation du flux d'air est plutôt progressive.

International audience; This paper examines velar movements during the production of the ‘fully' nasal vowels /i, u/ in Brazilian portuguese (BP). Velum movements were measured for a female Brazilian speaker using fiberscopic video-recording synchronized with acoustic recording. The nasal vowel (Vn) was placed in initial, medial and final positions in nonwords with the following structure: /VnCoVo/, /CoVnCoVo/, and /CoVoCoVn/. The oral vowel Vo was /a, i, u/ and the oral consonant Co= /p, b, f/. Our results confirm that (i) an acoustic nasal ‘tail' N is clearly observed in 85% of Vn productions, (ii) when present, N is about half as long as the previous part of the vowel, and (iii) when Vn is in medial or final position, the maximum lowering of the velum is free to occur either before the nasal tail or during it, leading to much variability.

International audience; This study deals with the velar movements involved in (i) the realisation of the phonemic [±nasal] contrast on vowels and (ii) contextual nasalization. We measure velar positions with an electromagnetic articulatograph (EMA) for two French speakers. Our results confirm that (i) nasal vowels are produced with a lower velum height than nasal consonants; (ii) velum height targets for nasal and oral segments can overlap, especially sequences of nasal consonant and contextually nasalized oral vowels or /l/ and /R/ consonants (iii) contextually nasalization in French is rather a carryover of the lowering of the velum than an anticipation of this movement.