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The latest Mobile Smart Devices (MSDs) and IoT deployments have encouraged the running of "Computation Intensive Applications/Services" onboard MSDs to help us perform on-the-go sub-tasks required by these Apps/Services such as Analysis, Banking, Navigation, Social Media, Gaming, etc. Doing this requires that the MSD have powerful processing resources to reduce execution time, high connectivity throughput to minimise latency and high-capacity battery for power consumption so to not impact the MSD availability/usability in between charges. Offloading such Apps from the host-MSD to a Cloud server does help but introduces network traffic and connectivity overhead issues, even with 5G. Offloading to an Edge server does help, but Edge servers are part of a pre-planned overall computing resource infrastructure, that is tough to predict when demands/rollout is generated by a push from the MSDs/Apps makers and pull by users. To address this issue, this research work has developed a "Smart Edge Computing Resource", formed on-the-go by the networking of cooperative MSDs/Servers in the vicinity of the host-MSD that is running the computing-intensive App. This solution is achieved by: Developing an intelligent engine, hosted in the Cloud, for profiling "computing-intensive Apps/Services" for appropriately partitioning the overall task into suitable sub-task-chunks so to be executed on the host-MSD together/in association with other available nearby computing resources. Nearby resources can include other MSDs, PCs, iPads and local servers. This is achieved by implementing an "Edge-side Computing Resource engine" that intelligently divides the processing of Apps/Services among several MSDs in parallel. Also, a second "Cloud-side AI-engine" to recruit any available cooperative MSDs and provide the host-MSD with decisions of the best scenario to partition and offload the overall App/Services. It uses a performance scoring algorithm to schedule the sub-tasks to execute on the assisting resource device that has a powerful processor and high-capacity battery power. We built a dataset of 600 scenarios to boost up the offloading decision for further executions, using a Deep Neural Network model. Dynamically forming the on-the-go resource network between the chosen assisting resource devices and the App/Service host-MSD based on the best wireless connectivity possible between them. This is achieved by developing an Importance Priority Weighting cost estimator to calculate the overhead cost and efficiency gain of processing the sub-tasks on the available assisting devices. A local peer-to-peer connectivity protocol is used to communicate, using "Nearby API and/or Post API". Sub-tasks are offloaded and processed among the participating devices in parallel while results are retrieved upon completion. The results show that our solution has achieved, on average, 40.2% more efficient processing time, 28.8% less battery power consumption and 33% less latency than other methods of executing the same Apps/Services.

This research investigates the impact of oil on a traditional Arab society. The . literature which addresses societal change IS methodically reviewed, with substantial attention given to the theories of noted sociologist Max Weber as well as many more recent scholars who have adapted and re-interpreted Weber's seminal insights. Following the review of relevant literature, the reader is introduced to the pre-oil, traditional society of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The body of the research reports, illuminates and examines through case studies the challenges of wrenching social change in a traditional society. The research finds that introduction of oil is the change agent. The invitation extended to Western oil companies to manage the extraction industry resulted in enormous disruption to the society as it then existed, and provided very large sums of capital to the UAE. Both of these factors, the insertion within the society of a western industrial culture of size and importance, and the opportunities for the UAE to develop and modernize at great speed due to the availability of large resources, combined to place enormous tension on the social traditions and practices of the then tribal society. The research then turns to the ways and means that both the society and the western oil companies employed to manage the dynamic of change. The specific role of the Oil Company's Public Relations function is examined in depth. The thesis that the public relations function served both the company and the society at large as the primary agent of mitigation is stated and tested. This paper finds that the public relations function performed a critical service by explaining the traditions of the society to the oil company, and negotiating for the oil company with the formal and informal organizations present in the society. These public relations practitioners also performed the critical task of representing, and at times. performing advocacy services for, groups within the society whose values were threatened by the western practices of the oil companies. This latter function is very different from the traditional roles of western public relations staffs. The research concludes that in this particular circumstance the contribution of the public relations staff was essential to both the company and the society in coping with enormous social pressures.