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The development and changes of nomadic pastoralism during the Bronze Age (2nd-1st millennium BCE) have become the main research focus of many scholars around the world. Especially the territory between southern Siberia and Inner Mongolia plays a significant role in understanding the prehistoric cultural landscape as it contains various archaeological monuments from different time periods. In this article, we present our research on bronze knifes collected from the ground surface. We focus on changes in the typology and design of these knives, which are essential tools of nomadic communities.Therefore, bronze knifes are important artifacts that can shed light on the technological advances of ancient nomadic people. We studied designs and production methods of bronze knifes and traced changes over time since the 1st millennium BCE. Our analysis demonstrates a noticeable change in knifes. We suggest that the changes might have been triggered by the formation of equestrian nomadic cultures as well as environmental changes. Дундговь, Өмнөговь аймгийн музейд хадгалагдаж буй хүрэл хутганы судалгаа Товчлол. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд НТӨ II-I мянган жил буюу хүрлийн үеийн нүүдэлчдийн соёлын үүсэл, хөгжлийн онцлогтой холбогдох олон төрлийн эх хэрэглэгдэхүүний судалгаа эрчимтэй хийгдсээр байна. Хүрэл зэвсгийн үед холбогдох археологийн дурсгалууд Монгол оронд элбэг бөгөөд Евроазийн бүс нутагт тархсан олон янзын соёлуудын харилцан хамаарлын асуудлыг тодруулахад өмнөд Сибириэс Цагаан хэрмийн бүс нутаг хүртэлх газар нутгийн судалгаа нь чухал байр суурийг эзэлдэг билээ.Энэхүү өгүүлэлд монгол орны өмнөд бүс нутгаас түүврээр олдсон хүрэл хутганы хэлбэрийн өөрчлөлтийн талаар хийсэн судалгааг та бүхэнд толилуулж байна. Хүрэл хутга нь нүүдэлчин ард түмний өдөр тутмын амьдралд чухал үүрэгтэй төдийгүй түүнийг хийсэн технологийн арга барил, шинж чанарыг нь судлах боломжийг олгодог. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан хүрэл хутганы үйлдвэрлэл, хийх арга зүй, хэлбэрийг судалсны үр дүнд НТӨ I мянганы эхэн үеэс хойш хүрэл хутганы хийц, хэлбэрт ямар өөрчлөлтүүд гарсныг тогтоохыг зорилоо. Түлхүүр үгс. Хүрэл хутга, Евроазийн бүс нутаг, хүрэл зэвсгийн үеийн нүүдлийн соёл, үйл ажиллагааны өөрчлөлт

Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that migrations of Western steppe herders (WSH) beginning in the Eneolithic (ca. 3300–2700 BCE) profoundly transformed the genes and cultures of Europe and central Asia. Compared with Europe, however, the eastern extent of this WSH expansion is not well defined. Here we present genomic and proteomic data from 22 directly dated Late Bronze Age burials putatively associated with early pastoralism in northern Mongolia (ca. 1380–975 BCE). Genome-wide analysis reveals that they are largely descended from a population represented by Early Bronze Age hunter-gatherers in the Baikal region, with only a limited contribution (∼7%) of WSH ancestry. At the same time, however, mass spectrometry analysis of dental calculus provides direct protein evidence of bovine, sheep, and goat milk consumption in seven of nine individuals. No individuals showed molecular evidence of lactase persistence, and only one individual exhibited evidence of >10% WSH ancestry, despite the presence of WSH populations in the nearby Altai-Sayan region for more than a millennium. Unlike the spread of Neolithic farming in Europe and the expansion of Bronze Age pastoralism on the Western steppe, our results indicate that ruminant dairy pastoralism was adopted on the Eastern steppe by local hunter-gatherers through a process of cultural transmission and minimal genetic exchange with outside groups., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115 (48), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490