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1. TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Author

Kattge, J, Bönisch, G, Díaz, S, Lavorel, S, Prentice, IC, Leadley, P, Tautenhahn, A, Werner, GDA, Aakala, T, Abedi, M, Acosta, ATR, Adamidis, GC, K, Adamson., Aiba, M, Albert, CH, Alcántara, JM, Alcázar, C, Aleixo, I, Ali, H, Amiaud, B, Ammer, C, Amoroso, MM, Anand, M, Anderson, C, Anten, N, Antos, J, Apgaua, DMG, Ashman, TL, Asmara, DH, Asner, GP, Aspinwall, M, Atkin, O, Aubin, I, Baastrup-Spohr, L, Bahalkeh, K, Bahn, M, Baker, T, Baker, WJ, Bakker, JP, Baldocchi, D, Baltzer, J, Banerjee, A, Baranger, A, Barlow, J, Barneche, DR, Baruch, Z, Bastianelli, D, Battles, J, Salguero-Gomez, R, and Terrestrial Ecology (TE)

Subjects
Access to Information, Ecology, Plan_S-Compliant-TA, international, food and beverages, Biodiversity, Plants, Ecosystem
Abstract

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

Published
2020

2. TRY plant trait database enhanced coverage and open access

Author

Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I.C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G.D.A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A.T.R., Adamidis, G.C., Adamson, K., Aiba, M., Albert, C.H., Alcántara, J.M., Alcázar, C, C., Aleixo, I., Ali, H., Amiaud, B., Ammer, C., Amoroso, M.M., Anand, M., Anderson, C., Anten, N., Antos, J., Apgaua, D.M.G., Ashman, T.-L., Asmara, D.H., Asner, G.P., Aspinwall, M., Atkin, O., Aubin, I., Baastrup-Spohr, L., Bahalkeh, K., Bahn, M., Baker, T., Baker, W.J., Bakker, J.P., Baldocchi, D., Baltzer, J., Banerjee, A., Baranger, A., Barlow, J., Barneche, D.R., Baruch, Z., Bastianelli, D., Battles, J., Bauerle, W., Bauters, M., Bazzato, E., Beckmann, M., Beeckman, H., Beierkuhnlein, C., Bekker, R., Belfry, G., Belluau, M., Beloiu, M., Benavides, R., Benomar, L., Berdugo-Lattke, M.L., Berenguer, E., Bergamin, R., Bergmann, J., Bergmann, Carlucci, M., Berner, L., Bernhardt-Römermann, M., Bigler, C., Bjorkman, A.D., Blackman, C., Blanco, C., Blonder, B., Blumenthal, D., Bocanegra-González, K.T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Böhning-Gaese, K., Boisvert-Marsh, L., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Boonman, C.C.F., Bordin, K., Boughton, E.H., Boukili, V., Bowman, D.M.J.S., Bravo, S., Brendel, M.R., Broadley, M.R., Brown, K.A., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Bruun, H.H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S.W., Bucher, S.F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Bunker, D.E., Bürger, J., Burrascano, Sabina, Burslem, D.F.R.P., Butterfield, B.J., Byun, C., Marques, M., Scalon, M.C., Caccianiga, M., Cadotte, M., Cailleret, M., Camac, J., Camarero, J.J., Campany, C., Campetella, G., Campos Prieto, Juan Antonio, Cano-Arboleda, L., Canullo, R., Carbognani, M., Carvalho, F., Casanoves, F., Castagneyrol, B., Catford, J.A., Cavender-Bares, J., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cervellini, M., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Chapin, K., Chapin, F.S., Chelli, S., Chen, S.-C., Chen, A., Cherubini, P., Chianucci, F., Choat, B., Chung, K.-S., Chytrý, Milan, Ciccarelli, D., Coll, L., Collins, C.G., Conti, L., Coomes, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Cornwell, W.K., Corona, P., Coyea, M., Craine, J., Craven, D., Cromsigt, J.P.G.M., Csecserits, A., Cufar, K., Cuntz, M., and da, Silva, A.C

Abstract

Plant traits the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits almost complete coverage for plant growth form . However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives. © 2019 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd

Published
2020

3. The bouquets of ecosystem services rendered by permanent hay meadows

Author

Elise Tasset, Morvan-Bertrand, A., Amiaud, B., J-B, Cliquet, Frédérique Louault, Katja Klumpp, Vecrin, R., Mischler, P., Husse, S., Servane Lemauviel-Lavenant, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions (EVA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Normandie Université (NU), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Chambre d’Agriculture de l'Orne (CA 61), Institut de l'Elevage, and PNR Lorraine

Subjects
stockage du carbone, fourrage, pratique de gestion des prairies, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, agroécologie, forage, permanent pastures, prairie permanente, biodiversité, fertilisation, pâturage permanent, gestion des prairies, fertilization, Agroecology
Abstract

Permanent grasslands produce high-quality forage and host very diverse plant communities. They also play a key role in carbon storage. However, we still understand little about how pedoclimatic conditions and plant community management or functioning help generate ecosystem services. This study analysed 32 grasslands in Normandy, Lorraine, and Auvergne that offer different ecosystem services. Certain grasslands had high values for service indicators. However, no synergies among services were observed, which suggests that determinant factors were different. A functional traits approach showed that plant community functioning directly affected forage quality. Plant diversity was tied to agricultural management and is also likely related to grassland history and landscape structure. Carbon storage levels were related to the clay content of soils.

Published
2019

4. Mapping local and global variability in plant trait distributions

Author

BUTLER, E. E., DATTA, A., FLORES-MORENO, H., CHEN, M., WYTHERS, K. R., FAZAYELI, F., BANERJEE, A., ATKIN, O. K., KATTGE, J., AMIAUD, B., BLONDER, B., BOENISCH, G., BOND-LAMBERTY, B., BROWN, K. A., BYUN, C., CAMPETELLA, G., CERABOLINI, B. E. L., CORNELISSEN, J. H. C., CRAINE, J. M., CRAVEN, D., DE VRIES, F. T., DIAZ, S., DOMINGUES, T. F., FOREY, E., GONZALEZ-MELO, A., GROSS, N., HAN, W., HATTINGH, W. N., HICKLER, T., JANSEN, S., SOSINSKI JUNIOR, E. E., KRAMER, K., ETHAN E. BUTLER, ABHIRUP DATTA, HABACUC FLORES-MORENO, MING CHEN, KIRK R. WYTHERS, FARIDEH FAZAYELI, ARINDAM BANERJEE, OWEN K. ATKIN, JENS KATTGE, BERNARD AMIAUD, BENJAMIN BLONDER, GERHARD BOENISCH, BEN BOND-LAMBERTY, KERRY A. BROWN, CHAEHO BYUN, GIANDIEGO CAMPETELLA, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, JOHANNES H. C. CORNELISSEN, JOSEPH M. CRAINE, DYLAN CRAVEN, FRANCISKA T. DE VRIES, SANDRA DIAZ, TOMAS F. DOMINGUES, ESTELLE FOREY, ANDR?ES GONZALEZ-MELO, NICOLAS GROSS, WENXUAN HAN, WESLEY N. HATTINGH, THOMAS HICKLER, STEVEN JANSEN, ENIO EGON SOSINSKI JUNIOR, CPACT, and KOEN KRAMER.

Subjects
Clima
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-16T23:25:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Enio2017PNAS2017ButlerE1093746.pdf: 2780433 bytes, checksum: 6961da4bb1493e231123f5627751b471 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-16

Published
2017

5. Importance de la variabilité fonctionnelle intraspécifique des adventices en réponse aux pratiques culturales et aux conditions climatiques

Author

Perronne, Rémi, Borgy, Benjamin, Kohler, C., Grison, A. L., Amiaud, B., Gaba, Sabrina, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), ECOVEG., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) ( GQE-Le Moulon ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] ( EEF ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL )

Subjects
agroecology, Sonchus asper, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Polygonum persicaria, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], écologie fonctionnelle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], weed-crop competition, crop sequence, adventices, functional diversity, Chenopodium album
Abstract

EAGESTADCT1; Importance de la variabilité fonctionnelle intraspécifique des adventices en réponse aux pratiques culturales et aux conditions climatiques. Ecologie des Communautés Végétales (ECOVEG 12)

Published
2016

6. Analyse De La Diversite Floristique Du Sous-Bois De La Palmeraie De Mbobo Dans La Cuvette Congolaise (Republique Du Congo)

Author

Yoka, J, Amiaud, B, Epron, D, Loumeto, JJ, and Vouidibio, J

Subjects
Cuvette congolaise, palmeraie, sous-bois, diversité floristique, pâturage
Abstract

Dans la Cuvette congolaise, les palmeraies sont implantées dans des zones forestières pour des besoins d’huile de palme. Cependant, leur sous-bois connait une exploitation limitée comme pâturage et sa diversité floristique n’est pas assez connue. C’est ainsi que la présente étude a été réalisée avec pour objectif général d’évaluer l’intérêt pastoral du sous-bois de la palmeraie de Mbobo. Spécifiquement il s'agit de : (1) inventorier la diversité floristique ; (2) identifier les espèces fourragères. L’inventaire floristique a été réalisé par la méthode de transects et la diversité floristique évaluée à partir des indices de diversité de Shannon-Weaver et d’équitabilité de Pielou. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le sous-bois de la palmeraie de Mbobo présente 93 espèces réparties en 76 genres et 39 familles, sur une superficie de 900m2 représentant l'ensemble des trois parcelles prospectées. Les espèces fourragères représentent 25 % de l'ensembles des espèces recensées. Elles sont dominées par les Poaceae et les Cyperaceae. Les indices de diversité (4,8-5) et de régularité (0,6-0,9) sont très élevés. Le sous-bois de la palmeraie présente donc une richesse floristique élevée et une qualité fourragère importante qui permettrait de l’exploiter comme pâturage.Mots clés : Cuvette congolaise, palmeraie, sous-bois, diversité floristique, pâturageIn the Congolese Basin, the palm groves are located in forest areas for oil palm production. However, their undergrowth knows as limited for grazing and their floristic diversity is not well known. Thus, the present study whose main objective was to assess the pastoral value of undergrowth of palm grove of Mbobo was conducted. The specific objectives were to: (1) inventory the floristic diversity, (2) identify the forage species. The floristic inventory was performed by the transect method and plant diversity was estimated by the Shannon-Weaver index and Pielou evenness index. The forage species were identified by the food tracking sheep in the palm grove. The undergrowth vegetation of the palm grove of Mbobo is composed of 93 species in 76 genus and 39 families. The most representative families in number of species are Poaceae (10 %), Fabaceae (7 %), Rubiaceae (7 %), Verbenacea (7 %), Cyperaceae (5 %) and Malvaceae (5 %). Forage species represent 25 % and are dominated by Poaceae and Cyperacea. Diversity (0.6 - 0.9) and evenness (4.8 - 5) indices are very high. The undergrowth of this palm grove exhibits a high floristic diversity and important forage quality, and it could therefore be exploited as pasture. Forages spcies could be introduced under the palm grove to encourage the development of agropastoralism.Key words : Congolese Basin, palm grove, undergrowth, plant diversity, grazingArticle in French

Published
2014

8. Functional diversity-area relationship in permanent grassland

Author

Simon Taugourdeau, Schneider, M., Domenicone, C., Sempe, L., Amiaud, B., Huguenin-Elie, O., and Plantureux, S.

Subjects
L02 - Alimentation animale, F40 - Écologie végétale, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, human activities
Abstract

The target of a multi-functional, sustainable use of grasslands requires deeper understanding of the relationships between grassland management and plant diversity and its consequences on ecosystem functioning. Some of these relationships are well known for specific pedo-climatic conditions. One option to extend our knowledge to a broader range of conditions is to aggregate different studies by performing a meta-analysis. Nevertheless, differences in sampling area between studies is a major challenge. For taxonomic diversity, species-area curves have been established for different habitats but references for functional diversity are scarce. We aimed at assessing the possibility of using functional diversity-area curves to correct for differing sampling area between studies before merging data for overall analysis on functional diversity. We measured diversity in 9 nested areas of increasing size (from 0.01 m² to 100 m²) in 16 grasslands with different management (grazing, mowing).We analyzed the effect of area on specific richness, functional richness, functional divergence and community weighed mean value of several functional traits (SLA, LDMC) and on the percentage of legumes. We conclude that correction for differing sampling area is possible for functional richness and community weighted mean values.

Published
2012

9. Conception et appropriation de MAE à obligation de résultat sur les surfaces herbagères : comment concilier pertinence écologique et agricole dans l'action publique en faveur de la biodiversité ? (acronyme DIVA2 : MAE Résultat)

Author

Plantureux, S., Amiaud, B., Christine de Sainte-Marie, Cyril Agreil, Christian Deverre, Meuret, M., Philippe Fleury, Seres, C., Pauthenet, Y., Laurent Dobremez, Baptiste Nettier, Granjou, C., Magda, Daniele D., Herve Fritz, Mestelan, Philippe P., Vansteelant, J. Y. J., Langlois, J. L. J., Mougey, T. T., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, ISARA-Lyon, SUACI ALPES DU NORD SAINT BANDOLPH FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Développement des territoires montagnards (UR DTGR), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PARC NATUREL REGIONAL DU MASSIF DES BAUGES LE CHATELARD FRA, PARC NATUREL REGIONAL DU HAUT JURA LAJOUX FRA, PARC NATUREL REGIONAL DU VERCORS LANS EN VERCORS FRA, FEDERATION NATIONALE DES PARCS NATURELS REGIONAUX PARIS FRA, National Recherche (appel d'offres national ou régional), irstea, Ministère de l'écologie (MEEDDAT), programme DIVA2, n° contrat : 0001142, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]DTAM; Two agri-environmental measures (MAE) tied to an obligation of result aimed at pastureland management (Herbe_09) and preserving species-rich grassland (Herbe_07) were studied: genesis of these measures in Europe and in France, conditions of implementation in different areas and agroecological relevance. This type of MAE restores a sense of responsibility to farmers. Implementing these measures may generate a positive territorial dynamic in the sometimes contradictory debate over the best interests of farmers vs. ecological biodiversity conservation measures. Results show that their positive impact in terms of social, ecological and agricultural benefits supports the idea that they ought to be implemented on a wider scale, along with improved regulations, a better dialogue between farmers and environmental activists, and progress in technical and scientific knowledge.; Les mesures agri-environnementales (MAE) visant la gestion pastorale (Herbe_09) et le maintien de prairies à forte richesse spécifique (Herbe_07) sont analysées : genèse de ces mesures en Europe et en France, conditions de leur mise en oeuvre dans plusieurs territoires et pertinence agri-écologique. Ce type de MAE est susceptible de redonner aux éleveurs une responsabilité valorisante ; leur mise en oeuvre peut entraîner une dynamique territoriale positive dans le débat parfois contradictoire entre agriculture et conservation de la biodiversité ; enfin, elles permettent de concilier production et biodiversité, mais sont peu propices à d’autres fonctions écologiques (pollinisation, séquestration du carbone...). Au final, leur bilan social, écologique et agricole, positif, incite à les généraliser mais en faisant progresser réglementation, concertation entre acteurs agricoles et environnementaux, et connaissances techniques et scientifiques.

Published
2010

10. Effects of cropping practice dynamics on permanent grassland vegetation during the conversion to organic farming

Author

GAUJOUR, E., AMIAUD, B., FIORELLI, J.-L., MIGNOLET, C., COQUIL, X., BELLON, S., DIOLEZ, A., HUYGHE, C., PENVERN, S., and SAVINI, I.

Subjects
Pasture and forage crops, Biodiversity and ecosystem services
Abstract

The aim of this work was to identify the impact of farming practices on permanent grassland vegetation during the conversion from conventional to organic farming. We considered functional and species diversities in order to compare the different grassland categories based on the farming practices used over a period of six years - five years before conversion and one year after. We identified three categories of grasslands: those generally cut twice a year, those intensely grazed, and those that were used under diversified practices. We showed that grasslands characterised by cutting and low fertilization level have the highest species richness compared to the other two categories (23.2, 16.9 and 17 species, respectively), and the lowest pastoral index (45.9, 66.8 and 68.6, respectively). These cut paddocks also presented the highest functional diversity (i.e., richness of functional property attributes) for two of the properties studied: means of dispersal and establishment strategy as defined by Grime. Grasslands with diversified practices (grazing, cutting and nitrogen supply) were not characterised by any single or combined functional property attribute, to the contrary of the two other categories. Finally, farming practices alone do not explain all of the differences in vegetation. We therefore hypothesize that, first, the dynamics of permanent grassland vegetation following conversion to organic farming is only initiated by agricultural practices and, second, other key factors such as landscape characteristics affect these dynamics.

Published
2009

11. Patrons d'organisation des communautés végétales dans un ancien polder et maintient d'une flore halophytique

Author

Anne Bonis, Bouzillé, J. B., Amiaud, B., Gregory Loucougaray, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Irstea Publications, Migration, and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, GRAZING, SALINITE DU SOL, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MOWING, HALOPHYTES, SOIL SALINITY, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], SUB-HALOPHYTE, EMBANKMENT, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, PLANT SUCCESSION, HALOPHYTE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]GT [TR1_IRSTEA]SET / DYMON; International audience; The presence of halophytic and sub-halophytic flora in grasslands reclaimed from the sea several centuries ago on the west Atlantic coast in France appears very unusual and the reasons for its survival are still uncertain. our objectives is to document its distribution pattern and to investigate whether its persistence is related to abiotic conditions and/or management practices. Vegetation survey were carried out in seven different sites with 26 relevés on grazed sites and 11 on mown sites. This flora shows some similarity with the vegetation of recent polders and can be classified into groups of species differing by their degree of salt tolerance but also their response to management mode. It was found that halophytes are only present on very saline soils, in a situation where the level of competition with more competitive species is reduced. The sub-halophytes also required low competition on lower soil salinity. In old polders, these two groups only occured on grazed slopes and declined or even disappeared in the absence of grazing. In exclosures, the community became strongly dominated by competitive species and the soil salinity decreased on the slopes. The maintenance of sub-halophytes on old polders seems to be mainly conditioned by competition limitation whereas halophytes showed also a strong dependency to soil salt level, two requirements, which are met on continuously grazed slopes. Grazing maintains inter-specific competition at a low level while trampling increases soil compaction. Soil compaction modifies water and salt circulation, which could explain the high level of soil conductivity observed on grazed slopes.

Published
2005

12. Relationship between plants and soil microbial communities in fertilized grasslands

Author

Amiaud, B., Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2005

14. Changes in functional diversity and intraspecific trait variability of weeds in response to crop sequences and climate.

Author

Borgy, B, Perronne, R, Kohler, C, Grison, A‐L, Amiaud, B, Gaba, S, and Swanton, Clarence

Subjects
CROP rotation, WEED ecology, CLIMATE change, PLANT populations, PLANT habitats, PLANT diversity
Abstract

How weed communities assemble represents one the key issues of weed science. For a decade, functional approaches have been applied to investigate the processes that govern weed community assembly. In most previous studies, trait values have been generally averaged over multiple populations and habitats. Consequently, conspecifics display similar trait values while neglecting the considerable influence of intraspecific variability to detect changes in functional diversity in response to environmental drivers. However, this influence has been shown to be critical, especially, at local scales. Here, we studied changes in weed functional diversity at the field scale in four crop sequences. We focused on intra- and interspecific variability of four key functional traits involved in response to resource acquisition processes, the latter being modified by climate, management and competition. The relative influence of intra- and interspecific variability among the crop sequence types was highlighted using a diversity partitioning approach. It provides evidence for substantial amount of intraspecific variability in the weed community and underlines its essential role in response to fine-scale environmental drivers. In addition, we investigated the response of the three most abundant species to competition with the crop, the growing season and the crop sequence type. We highlighted that these species showed a wide range of combinations of trait values, suggesting the co-existence of several successful strategies. Based on these results, we emphasise that neglecting intraspecific variability can lead to substantial underestimations of the functional weed response to management and crop-weed competition at the field scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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18. Identification of the environmental factors which drive the botanical and functional composition of permanent grasslands.

Author

MICHAUD, A., PLANTUREUX, S., AMIAUD, B., CARRÈRE, P., CRUZ, P., DURU, M., DURY, B., FARRUGGIA, A., FIORELLI, J. L., KERNEIS, E., and BAUMONT, R.

Abstract

Managed grasslands provide environmental and agronomic services that can be predicted from the botanical and functional composition of the vegetation. These are influenced by management, edaphic and climatic factors. The present report set out to estimate and analyse the relative importance of management, soil and climate factors on botanical and functional characteristics of grassland vegetation. A set of 178 French grasslands having a large pedoclimatic and management gradient was selected, and information collected on botanical composition, pedoclimatic factors and management. Six vegetation characteristics were considered: two botanical (floristic composition and species dominance) and four functional (proportion of entomophilous species, number of oligotrophic species, leaf dry matter content and date of flowering). First, the links between the characteristics of the vegetation were analysed to check for any redundancy among them; all were kept. Second, it was demonstrated that botanical and functional characteristics were not driven by the same factors: functional composition was characterized by management, edaphic and climatic factors, whereas botanical composition was influenced mainly by climatic and edaphic factors plus other factors. Interactions between factors also have to be taken into consideration to predict botanical and functional composition of grasslands. Functional and botanical characteristics of vegetation help to predict ecosystem services delivered by grasslands and may be used in combination. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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19. Analyse de la mise en ½uvre des mesures agri-environnementales à obligation de résultat sur les surfaces herbagères

Author

Plantureux, S., Christine de Sainte Marie, Cyril Agreil, Amiaud, B., Laurent Dobremez, Fargier, J., Philippe Fleury, Herve Fritz, Langlois, J. L. J., Magda, Daniele D., Mestelan, Philippe P., Meuret, M., Mougey, T. T., Baptiste Nettier, Seres, C., Vansteelant, J. Y. J., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Développement des territoires montagnards (UR DTGR), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), FEDERATION DES PARCS NATURELS REGIONAUX DE FRANCE PARIS FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), ISARA-Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PARC NATUREL REGIONAL DU VERCORS LANS EN VERCORS FRA, SCOPELA BELLECOMBES EN BAUGE FRA, SUACI ALPES DU NORD SAINT BANDOLPH FRA, and PARC NATUREL REGIONAL DU HAUT JURA LAJOUX FRA

Subjects
GIS ALPES JURA, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

National audience; Two agri-environmental measures (MAE) tied to an obligation of result aimed at pastureland management (Herbe_09) and preserving species-rich grassland (Herbe_07) were studied: genesis of these measures in Europe and in France, conditions of implementation in different areas and agroecological relevance. This type of MAE restores a sense of responsibility to farmers. Implementing these measures may generate a positive territorial dynamic in the sometimes contradictory debate over the best interests of farmers vs. ecological biodiversity conservation measures. Results show that their positive impact in terms of social, ecological and agricultural benefits supports the idea that they ought to be implemented on a wider scale, along with improved regulations, a better dialogue between farmers and environmental activists, and progress in technical and scientific knowledge.; Les mesures agri-environnementales (MAE) visant la gestion pastorale (Herbe_09) et le maintien de prairies à forte richesse spécifique (Herbe_07) sont analysées : genèse de ces mesures en Europe et en France, conditions de leur mise en ½uvre dans plusieurs territoires et pertinence agri-écologique. Ce type de MAE est susceptible de redonner aux éleveurs une responsabilité valorisante ; leur mise en oeuvre peut entraîner une dynamique territoriale positive dans le débat parfois contradictoire entre agriculture et conservation de la biodiversité ; enfin, elles permettent de concilier production et biodiversité, mais sont peu propices à d’autres fonctions écologiques (pollinisation, séquestration du carbone...). Au final, leur bilan social, écologique et agricole, positif, incite à les généraliser mais en faisant progresser réglementation, concertation entre acteurs agricoles et environnementaux, et connaissances techniques et scientifiques.

20. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset

Author

Sandra Díaz, Jens Kattge, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Ian J. Wright, Sandra Lavorel, Stéphane Dray, Björn Reu, Michael Kleyer, Christian Wirth, I. Colin Prentice, Eric Garnier, Gerhard Bönisch, Mark Westoby, Hendrik Poorter, Peter B. Reich, Angela T. Moles, John Dickie, Amy E. Zanne, Jérôme Chave, S. Joseph Wright, Serge N. Sheremetiev, Hervé Jactel, Christopher Baraloto, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Simon Pierce, Bill Shipley, Fernando Casanoves, Julia S. Joswig, Angela Günther, Valeria Falczuk, Nadja Rüger, Miguel D. Mahecha, Lucas D. Gorné, Bernard Amiaud, Owen K. Atkin, Michael Bahn, Dennis Baldocchi, Michael Beckmann, Benjamin Blonder, William Bond, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Kerry Brown, Sabina Burrascano, Chaeho Byun, Giandiego Campetella, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, F. Stuart Chapin, Brendan Choat, David Anthony Coomes, William K. Cornwell, Joseph Craine, Dylan Craven, Matteo Dainese, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, Franciska T. de Vries, Tomas Ferreira Domingues, Brian J. Enquist, Jaime Fagúndez, Jingyun Fang, Fernando Fernández-Méndez, Maria T. Fernandez-Piedade, Henry Ford, Estelle Forey, Gregoire T. Freschet, Sophie Gachet, Rachael Gallagher, Walton Green, Greg R. Guerin, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Sandy P. Harrison, Wesley Neil Hattingh, Tianhua He, Thomas Hickler, Steven I. Higgins, Pedro Higuchi, Jugo Ilic, Robert B. Jackson, Adel Jalili, Steven Jansen, Fumito Koike, Christian König, Nathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, Holger Kreft, Ingolf Kühn, Hiroko Kurokawa, Eric G. Lamb, Daniel C. Laughlin, Michelle Leishman, Simon Lewis, Frédérique Louault, Ana C. M. Malhado, Peter Manning, Patrick Meir, Maurizio Mencuccini, Julie Messier, Regis Miller, Vanessa Minden, Jane Molofsky, Rebecca Montgomery, Gabriel Montserrat-Martí, Marco Moretti, Sandra Müller, Ülo Niinemets, Romà Ogaya, Kinga Öllerer, Vladimir Onipchenko, Yusuke Onoda, Wim A. Ozinga, Juli G. Pausas, Begoña Peco, Josep Penuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Clara Pladevall, Christine Römermann, Lawren Sack, Norma Salinas, Brody Sandel, Jordi Sardans, Brandon Schamp, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Fritz Schweingruber, Satomi Shiodera, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda Soudzilovskaia, Marko J. Spasojevic, Emily Swaine, Nathan Swenson, Susanne Tautenhahn, Ken Thompson, Alexia Totte, Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert, Fernando Valladares, Peter van Bodegom, François Vasseur, Kris Verheyen, Denis Vile, Cyrille Violle, Betsy von Holle, Patrick Weigelt, Evan Weiher, Michael C. Wiemann, Mathew Williams, Justin Wright, Gerhard Zotz, Biology, General Botany and Nature Management, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal [Córdoba] (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales [Córdoba], Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina]-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), TRY initiative on plant traits (https://www.try-db.org).TRY is an initiative of the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, bioDISCOVERY/Future Earth (ICSU), the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig and Nucleo DiverSus (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina)., The Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function study has been supported by the European BACI project (Towards a Biosphere Atmosphere change Index, EU grant ID 640176), FONCyT, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, and The Newton Fund (NERC UK -CONICET ARG), Díaz, Sandra [0000-0003-0012-4612], Kattge, Jens [0000-0002-1022-8469], Wright, Ian J [0000-0001-8338-9143], Lavorel, Sandra [0000-0002-7300-2811], Dray, Stéphane [0000-0003-0153-1105], Wirth, Christian [0000-0003-2604-8056], Garnier, Eric [0000-0002-9392-5154], Westoby, Mark [0000-0001-7690-4530], Reich, Peter B [0000-0003-4424-662X], Moles, Angela T [0000-0003-2041-7762], Zanne, Amy E [0000-0001-6379-9452], Chave, Jérôme [0000-0002-7766-1347], Wright, S Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Sheremetiev, Serge N [0000-0002-0318-6766], Baraloto, Christopher [0000-0001-7322-8581], Cerabolini, Bruno EL [0000-0002-3793-0733], Casanoves, Fernando [0000-0001-8765-9382], Joswig, Julia S [0000-0002-7786-1728], Mahecha, Miguel D [0000-0003-3031-613X], Atkin, Owen K [0000-0003-1041-5202], Bahn, Michael [0000-0001-7482-9776], Bond, William [0000-0002-3441-2084], Bond-Lamberty, Ben [0000-0001-9525-4633], Byun, Chaeho [0000-0003-3209-3275], Campetella, Giandiego [0000-0001-6126-522X], Cavender-Bares, Jeannine [0000-0003-3375-9630], Chapin, F Stuart [0000-0002-2558-9910], Choat, Brendan [0000-0002-9105-640X], Coomes, David Anthony [0000-0002-8261-2582], Cornwell, William K [0000-0003-4080-4073], Craine, Joseph [0000-0001-6561-3244], Craven, Dylan [0000-0003-3940-833X], Dainese, Matteo [0000-0001-7052-5572], Domingues, Tomas Ferreira [0000-0003-2857-9838], Enquist, Brian J [0000-0002-6124-7096], Gallagher, Rachael [0000-0002-4680-8115], Harrison, Sandy P [0000-0001-5687-1903], Hattingh, Wesley Neil [0000-0002-3626-5137], He, Tianhua [0000-0002-0924-3637], Higuchi, Pedro [0000-0002-3855-555X], Jackson, Robert B [0000-0001-8846-7147], Jansen, Steven [0000-0002-4476-5334], Kreft, Holger [0000-0003-4471-8236], Kühn, Ingolf [0000-0003-1691-8249], Kurokawa, Hiroko [0000-0001-8778-8045], Laughlin, Daniel C [0000-0002-9651-5732], Manning, Peter [0000-0002-7940-2023], Mencuccini, Maurizio [0000-0003-0840-1477], Müller, Sandra [0000-0003-4289-755X], Pausas, Juli G [0000-0003-3533-5786], Penuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Pillar, Valério D [0000-0001-6408-2891], Sack, Lawren [0000-0002-7009-7202], Salinas, Norma [0000-0001-9941-2109], Sardans, Jordi [0000-0003-2478-0219], Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael [0000-0001-9566-590X], Sosinski, Ênio [0000-0001-6310-9474], Spasojevic, Marko J [0000-0003-1808-0048], Weigelt, Patrick [0000-0002-2485-3708], Williams, Mathew [0000-0001-6117-5208], Zotz, Gerhard [0000-0002-6823-2268], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diaz, S, Kattge, J, Cornelissen, JHC, Wright, IJ, Lavorel, S, Dray, S, Reu, B, Kleyer, M, Wirth, C, Prentice, IC, Garnier, E, Bonisch, G, Westoby, M, Poorter, H, Reich, PB, Moles, AT, Dickie, J, Zanne, AE, Chave, J, Wright, SJ, Sheremetiev, SN, Jactel, H, Baraloto, C, Cerabolini, BEL, Pierce, S, Shipley, B, Casanoves, F, Joswig, JS, Gunther, A, Falczuk, V, Ruger, N, Mahecha, MD, Gorne, LD, Amiaud, B, Atkin, OK, Bahn, M, Baldocchi, D, Beckmann, M, Blonder, B, Bond, W, Bond-Lamberty, B, Brown, K, Burrascano, S, Byun, C, Campetella, G, Cavender-Bares, J, Chapin, FS, Choat, B, Coomes, DA, Cornwell, WK, Craine, J, Craven, D, Dainese, M, de Araujo, AC, de Vries, FT, Domingues, TF, Enquist, BJ, Fagundez, J, Fang, J, Fernandez-Mendez, F, Fernandez-Piedade, MT, Ford, H, Forey, E, Freschet, GT, Gachet, S, Gallagher, R, Green, W, Guerin, GR, Gutierrez, AG, Harrison, SP, Hattingh, WN, He, T, Hickler, T, Higgins, SI, Higuchi, P, Ilic, J, Jackson, RB, Jalili, A, Jansen, S, Koike, F, Konig, C, Kraft, N, Kramer, K, Kreft, H, Kuhn, I, Kurokawa, H, Lamb, EG, Laughlin, DC, Leishman, M, Lewis, S, Louault, F, Malhado, ACM, Manning, P, Meir, P, Mencuccini, M, Messier, J, Miller, R, Minden, V, Molofsky, J, Montgomery, R, Montserrat-Marti, G, Moretti, M., Muller, S, Niinemets, U, Ogaya, R, Ollerer, K, Onipchenko, V, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, WA, Pausas, JG, Peco, B, Penuelas, J, Pillar, VD, Pladevall, C, Romermann, C, Sack, L, Salinas, N, Sandel, B, Sardans, J, Schamp, B, Scherer-Lorenzen, M, Schulze, ED, Schweingruber, F, Shiodera, S, Sosinski, E, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Spasojevic, MJ, Swaine, E, Swenson, N, Tautenhahn, S, Thompson, K, Totte, A, Urrutia-Jalabert, R, Valladares, F, van Bodegom, P, Vasseur, F, Verheyen, K, Vile, D, Violle, C, von Holle, B, Weigelt, P, Weiher, E, Wiemann, MC, Williams, M, Wright, J, Zotz, G, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Library and Information Sciences, Education, SIZE-REDUCTION, QUERCUS-ILEX, WIDE-RANGE, Life Science, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Macroecology, Vegetatie, Vegetation, ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS, 3103 Ecology, Biology and Life Sciences, Biodiversity, 3108 Plant Biology, Computer Science Applications, Biogeography, 631/158/852, FOLIAR NITROGEN ISOTOPES, 631/158/851, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, LEAF ECONOMICS SPECTRUM, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, data-descriptor, ELEVATED CO2, WOODY-PLANTS, PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY, 631/158/670, RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE, Information Systems, 31 Biological Sciences
Abstract

[Abstract] Here we provide the ‘Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset’, containing species mean values for six vascular plant traits. Together, these traits –plant height, stem specific density, leaf area, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content per dry mass, and diaspore (seed or spore) mass – define the primary axes of variation in plant form and function. The dataset is based on ca. 1 million trait records received via the TRY database (representing ca. 2,500 original publications) and additional unpublished data. It provides 92,159 species mean values for the six traits, covering 46,047 species. The data are complemented by higher-level taxonomic classification and six categorical traits (woodiness, growth form, succulence, adaptation to terrestrial or aquatic habitats, nutrition type and leaf type). Data quality management is based on a probabilistic approach combined with comprehensive validation against expert knowledge and external information. Intense data acquisition and thorough quality control produced the largest and, to our knowledge, most accurate compilation of empirically observed vascular plant species mean traits to date. The study has been supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (https://www.try-db.org). TRY is an initiative of the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, bioDISCOVERY/Future Earth (ICSU), the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig and Núcleo DiverSus (CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina). The Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function study has been supported by the European BACI project (Towards a Biosphere Atmosphere change Index, EU grant ID 640176), and grants to SD by FONCyT, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, and The Newton Fund (NERC UK – CONICET ARG). VO thanks RSF (#19-14-00038p). Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL

Published
2022

21. Functional trait composition of carabid beetle communities predicts prey suppression through both mass ratio and niche complementarity mechanisms.

Author

Rouabah A, Lasserre-Joulin F, Plantureux S, Taugourdeau S, and Amiaud B

Subjects
Animals, Ecosystem, Predatory Behavior, Food Chain, Coleoptera
Abstract

Several components of predator functional diversity have been hypothesized to influence prey suppression through either niche complementarity or mass ratio effects. Nevertheless, most studies have used a functional group approach when assessing the role of these predators in ecosystem functioning. By adopting a trait-based approach, we evaluated the relative contributions of carabid diversity components in predicting prey suppression. Our results highlight the importance of both taxonomic and functional diversity components of carabids as key drivers of prey suppression. Prey suppression was best predicted by carabid densities, with the dominance of Poecilus cupreus potentially driving the positive effect of community total abundance through the mass ratio effect. Prey suppression increased with increasing the density of large carabids. In addition, carabid eye diameter and antennal length were key functional traits for predicting prey suppression. Furthermore, prey suppression increased with increasing carabid functional richness following the niche complementarity effect. In contrast to functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence of carabid communities were weakly correlated with prey suppression. By identifying which diversity components of carabid communities contribute the most to increase prey suppression, our results can guide efforts aiming to predict the relationship between diversity of these predators and ecosystem functioning., (© 2023 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)

Published
2024
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22. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset.

Author

Díaz S, Kattge J, Cornelissen JHC, Wright IJ, Lavorel S, Dray S, Reu B, Kleyer M, Wirth C, Prentice IC, Garnier E, Bönisch G, Westoby M, Poorter H, Reich PB, Moles AT, Dickie J, Zanne AE, Chave J, Wright SJ, Sheremetiev SN, Jactel H, Baraloto C, Cerabolini BEL, Pierce S, Shipley B, Casanoves F, Joswig JS, Günther A, Falczuk V, Rüger N, Mahecha MD, Gorné LD, Amiaud B, Atkin OK, Bahn M, Baldocchi D, Beckmann M, Blonder B, Bond W, Bond-Lamberty B, Brown K, Burrascano S, Byun C, Campetella G, Cavender-Bares J, Chapin FS 3rd, Choat B, Coomes DA, Cornwell WK, Craine J, Craven D, Dainese M, de Araujo AC, de Vries FT, Domingues TF, Enquist BJ, Fagúndez J, Fang J, Fernández-Méndez F, Fernandez-Piedade MT, Ford H, Forey E, Freschet GT, Gachet S, Gallagher R, Green W, Guerin GR, Gutiérrez AG, Harrison SP, Hattingh WN, He T, Hickler T, Higgins SI, Higuchi P, Ilic J, Jackson RB, Jalili A, Jansen S, Koike F, König C, Kraft N, Kramer K, Kreft H, Kühn I, Kurokawa H, Lamb EG, Laughlin DC, Leishman M, Lewis S, Louault F, Malhado ACM, Manning P, Meir P, Mencuccini M, Messier J, Miller R, Minden V, Molofsky J, Montgomery R, Montserrat-Martí G, Moretti M, Müller S, Niinemets Ü, Ogaya R, Öllerer K, Onipchenko V, Onoda Y, Ozinga WA, Pausas JG, Peco B, Penuelas J, Pillar VD, Pladevall C, Römermann C, Sack L, Salinas N, Sandel B, Sardans J, Schamp B, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schulze ED, Schweingruber F, Shiodera S, Sosinski Ê, Soudzilovskaia N, Spasojevic MJ, Swaine E, Swenson N, Tautenhahn S, Thompson K, Totte A, Urrutia-Jalabert R, Valladares F, van Bodegom P, Vasseur F, Verheyen K, Vile D, Violle C, von Holle B, Weigelt P, Weiher E, Wiemann MC, Williams M, Wright J, and Zotz G

Abstract

Here we provide the 'Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset', containing species mean values for six vascular plant traits. Together, these traits -plant height, stem specific density, leaf area, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content per dry mass, and diaspore (seed or spore) mass - define the primary axes of variation in plant form and function. The dataset is based on ca. 1 million trait records received via the TRY database (representing ca. 2,500 original publications) and additional unpublished data. It provides 92,159 species mean values for the six traits, covering 46,047 species. The data are complemented by higher-level taxonomic classification and six categorical traits (woodiness, growth form, succulence, adaptation to terrestrial or aquatic habitats, nutrition type and leaf type). Data quality management is based on a probabilistic approach combined with comprehensive validation against expert knowledge and external information. Intense data acquisition and thorough quality control produced the largest and, to our knowledge, most accurate compilation of empirically observed vascular plant species mean traits to date., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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23. TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access.

Author

Kattge J, Bönisch G, Díaz S, Lavorel S, Prentice IC, Leadley P, Tautenhahn S, Werner GDA, Aakala T, Abedi M, Acosta ATR, Adamidis GC, Adamson K, Aiba M, Albert CH, Alcántara JM, Alcázar C C, Aleixo I, Ali H, Amiaud B, Ammer C, Amoroso MM, Anand M, Anderson C, Anten N, Antos J, Apgaua DMG, Ashman TL, Asmara DH, Asner GP, Aspinwall M, Atkin O, Aubin I, Baastrup-Spohr L, Bahalkeh K, Bahn M, Baker T, Baker WJ, Bakker JP, Baldocchi D, Baltzer J, Banerjee A, Baranger A, Barlow J, Barneche DR, Baruch Z, Bastianelli D, Battles J, Bauerle W, Bauters M, Bazzato E, Beckmann M, Beeckman H, Beierkuhnlein C, Bekker R, Belfry G, Belluau M, Beloiu M, Benavides R, Benomar L, Berdugo-Lattke ML, Berenguer E, Bergamin R, Bergmann J, Bergmann Carlucci M, Berner L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Bigler C, Bjorkman AD, Blackman C, Blanco C, Blonder B, Blumenthal D, Bocanegra-González KT, Boeckx P, Bohlman S, Böhning-Gaese K, Boisvert-Marsh L, Bond W, Bond-Lamberty B, Boom A, Boonman CCF, Bordin K, Boughton EH, Boukili V, Bowman DMJS, Bravo S, Brendel MR, Broadley MR, Brown KA, Bruelheide H, Brumnich F, Bruun HH, Bruy D, Buchanan SW, Bucher SF, Buchmann N, Buitenwerf R, Bunker DE, Bürger J, Burrascano S, Burslem DFRP, Butterfield BJ, Byun C, Marques M, Scalon MC, Caccianiga M, Cadotte M, Cailleret M, Camac J, Camarero JJ, Campany C, Campetella G, Campos JA, Cano-Arboleda L, Canullo R, Carbognani M, Carvalho F, Casanoves F, Castagneyrol B, Catford JA, Cavender-Bares J, Cerabolini BEL, Cervellini M, Chacón-Madrigal E, Chapin K, Chapin FS, Chelli S, Chen SC, Chen A, Cherubini P, Chianucci F, Choat B, Chung KS, Chytrý M, Ciccarelli D, Coll L, Collins CG, Conti L, Coomes D, Cornelissen JHC, Cornwell WK, Corona P, Coyea M, Craine J, Craven D, Cromsigt JPGM, Csecserits A, Cufar K, Cuntz M, da Silva AC, Dahlin KM, Dainese M, Dalke I, Dalle Fratte M, Dang-Le AT, Danihelka J, Dannoura M, Dawson S, de Beer AJ, De Frutos A, De Long JR, Dechant B, Delagrange S, Delpierre N, Derroire G, Dias AS, Diaz-Toribio MH, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Dobrowolski M, Doktor D, Dřevojan P, Dong N, Dransfield J, Dressler S, Duarte L, Ducouret E, Dullinger S, Durka W, Duursma R, Dymova O, E-Vojtkó A, Eckstein RL, Ejtehadi H, Elser J, Emilio T, Engemann K, Erfanian MB, Erfmeier A, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Esser G, Estiarte M, Domingues TF, Fagan WF, Fagúndez J, Falster DS, Fan Y, Fang J, Farris E, Fazlioglu F, Feng Y, Fernandez-Mendez F, Ferrara C, Ferreira J, Fidelis A, Finegan B, Firn J, Flowers TJ, Flynn DFB, Fontana V, Forey E, Forgiarini C, François L, Frangipani M, Frank D, Frenette-Dussault C, Freschet GT, Fry EL, Fyllas NM, Mazzochini GG, Gachet S, Gallagher R, Ganade G, Ganga F, García-Palacios P, Gargaglione V, Garnier E, Garrido JL, de Gasper AL, Gea-Izquierdo G, Gibson D, Gillison AN, Giroldo A, Glasenhardt MC, Gleason S, Gliesch M, Goldberg E, Göldel B, Gonzalez-Akre E, Gonzalez-Andujar JL, González-Melo A, González-Robles A, Graae BJ, Granda E, Graves S, Green WA, Gregor T, Gross N, Guerin GR, Günther A, Gutiérrez AG, Haddock L, Haines A, Hall J, Hambuckers A, Han W, Harrison SP, Hattingh W, Hawes JE, He T, He P, Heberling JM, Helm A, Hempel S, Hentschel J, Hérault B, Hereş AM, Herz K, Heuertz M, Hickler T, Hietz P, Higuchi P, Hipp AL, Hirons A, Hock M, Hogan JA, Holl K, Honnay O, Hornstein D, Hou E, Hough-Snee N, Hovstad KA, Ichie T, Igić B, Illa E, Isaac M, Ishihara M, Ivanov L, Ivanova L, Iversen CM, Izquierdo J, Jackson RB, Jackson B, Jactel H, Jagodzinski AM, Jandt U, Jansen S, Jenkins T, Jentsch A, Jespersen JRP, Jiang GF, Johansen JL, Johnson D, Jokela EJ, Joly CA, Jordan GJ, Joseph GS, Junaedi D, Junker RR, Justes E, Kabzems R, Kane J, Kaplan Z, Kattenborn T, Kavelenova L, Kearsley E, Kempel A, Kenzo T, Kerkhoff A, Khalil MI, Kinlock NL, Kissling WD, Kitajima K, Kitzberger T, Kjøller R, Klein T, Kleyer M, Klimešová J, Klipel J, Kloeppel B, Klotz S, Knops JMH, Kohyama T, Koike F, Kollmann J, Komac B, Komatsu K, König C, Kraft NJB, Kramer K, Kreft H, Kühn I, Kumarathunge D, Kuppler J, Kurokawa H, Kurosawa Y, Kuyah S, Laclau JP, Lafleur B, Lallai E, Lamb E, Lamprecht A, Larkin DJ, Laughlin D, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, le Maire G, le Roux PC, le Roux E, Lee T, Lens F, Lewis SL, Lhotsky B, Li Y, Li X, Lichstein JW, Liebergesell M, Lim JY, Lin YS, Linares JC, Liu C, Liu D, Liu U, Livingstone S, Llusià J, Lohbeck M, López-García Á, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lososová Z, Louault F, Lukács BA, Lukeš P, Luo Y, Lussu M, Ma S, Maciel Rabelo Pereira C, Mack M, Maire V, Mäkelä A, Mäkinen H, Malhado ACM, Mallik A, Manning P, Manzoni S, Marchetti Z, Marchino L, Marcilio-Silva V, Marcon E, Marignani M, Markesteijn L, Martin A, Martínez-Garza C, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mašková T, Mason K, Mason N, Massad TJ, Masse J, Mayrose I, McCarthy J, McCormack ML, McCulloh K, McFadden IR, McGill BJ, McPartland MY, Medeiros JS, Medlyn B, Meerts P, Mehrabi Z, Meir P, Melo FPL, Mencuccini M, Meredieu C, Messier J, Mészáros I, Metsaranta J, Michaletz ST, Michelaki C, Migalina S, Milla R, Miller JED, Minden V, Ming R, Mokany K, Moles AT, Molnár A 5th, Molofsky J, Molz M, Montgomery RA, Monty A, Moravcová L, Moreno-Martínez A, Moretti M, Mori AS, Mori S, Morris D, Morrison J, Mucina L, Mueller S, Muir CD, Müller SC, Munoz F, Myers-Smith IH, Myster RW, Nagano M, Naidu S, Narayanan A, Natesan B, Negoita L, Nelson AS, Neuschulz EL, Ni J, Niedrist G, Nieto J, Niinemets Ü, Nolan R, Nottebrock H, Nouvellon Y, Novakovskiy A, Nystuen KO, O'Grady A, O'Hara K, O'Reilly-Nugent A, Oakley S, Oberhuber W, Ohtsuka T, Oliveira R, Öllerer K, Olson ME, Onipchenko V, Onoda Y, Onstein RE, Ordonez JC, Osada N, Ostonen I, Ottaviani G, Otto S, Overbeck GE, Ozinga WA, Pahl AT, Paine CET, Pakeman RJ, Papageorgiou AC, Parfionova E, Pärtel M, Patacca M, Paula S, Paule J, Pauli H, Pausas JG, Peco B, Penuelas J, Perea A, Peri PL, Petisco-Souza AC, Petraglia A, Petritan AM, Phillips OL, Pierce S, Pillar VD, Pisek J, Pomogaybin A, Poorter H, Portsmuth A, Poschlod P, Potvin C, Pounds D, Powell AS, Power SA, Prinzing A, Puglielli G, Pyšek P, Raevel V, Rammig A, Ransijn J, Ray CA, Reich PB, Reichstein M, Reid DEB, Réjou-Méchain M, de Dios VR, Ribeiro S, Richardson S, Riibak K, Rillig MC, Riviera F, Robert EMR, Roberts S, Robroek B, Roddy A, Rodrigues AV, Rogers A, Rollinson E, Rolo V, Römermann C, Ronzhina D, Roscher C, Rosell JA, Rosenfield MF, Rossi C, Roy DB, Royer-Tardif S, Rüger N, Ruiz-Peinado R, Rumpf SB, Rusch GM, Ryo M, Sack L, Saldaña A, Salgado-Negret B, Salguero-Gomez R, Santa-Regina I, Santacruz-García AC, Santos J, Sardans J, Schamp B, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schleuning M, Schmid B, Schmidt M, Schmitt S, Schneider JV, Schowanek SD, Schrader J, Schrodt F, Schuldt B, Schurr F, Selaya Garvizu G, Semchenko M, Seymour C, Sfair JC, Sharpe JM, Sheppard CS, Sheremetiev S, Shiodera S, Shipley B, Shovon TA, Siebenkäs A, Sierra C, Silva V, Silva M, Sitzia T, Sjöman H, Slot M, Smith NG, Sodhi D, Soltis P, Soltis D, Somers B, Sonnier G, Sørensen MV, Sosinski EE Jr, Soudzilovskaia NA, Souza AF, Spasojevic M, Sperandii MG, Stan AB, Stegen J, Steinbauer K, Stephan JG, Sterck F, Stojanovic DB, Strydom T, Suarez ML, Svenning JC, Svitková I, Svitok M, Svoboda M, Swaine E, Swenson N, Tabarelli M, Takagi K, Tappeiner U, Tarifa R, Tauugourdeau S, Tavsanoglu C, Te Beest M, Tedersoo L, Thiffault N, Thom D, Thomas E, Thompson K, Thornton PE, Thuiller W, Tichý L, Tissue D, Tjoelker MG, Tng DYP, Tobias J, Török P, Tarin T, Torres-Ruiz JM, Tóthmérész B, Treurnicht M, Trivellone V, Trolliet F, Trotsiuk V, Tsakalos JL, Tsiripidis I, Tysklind N, Umehara T, Usoltsev V, Vadeboncoeur M, Vaezi J, Valladares F, Vamosi J, van Bodegom PM, van Breugel M, Van Cleemput E, van de Weg M, van der Merwe S, van der Plas F, van der Sande MT, van Kleunen M, Van Meerbeek K, Vanderwel M, Vanselow KA, Vårhammar A, Varone L, Vasquez Valderrama MY, Vassilev K, Vellend M, Veneklaas EJ, Verbeeck H, Verheyen K, Vibrans A, Vieira I, Villacís J, Violle C, Vivek P, Wagner K, Waldram M, Waldron A, Walker AP, Waller M, Walther G, Wang H, Wang F, Wang W, Watkins H, Watkins J, Weber U, Weedon JT, Wei L, Weigelt P, Weiher E, Wells AW, Wellstein C, Wenk E, Westoby M, Westwood A, White PJ, Whitten M, Williams M, Winkler DE, Winter K, Womack C, Wright IJ, Wright SJ, Wright J, Pinho BX, Ximenes F, Yamada T, Yamaji K, Yanai R, Yankov N, Yguel B, Zanini KJ, Zanne AE, Zelený D, Zhao YP, Zheng J, Zheng J, Ziemińska K, Zirbel CR, Zizka G, Zo-Bi IC, Zotz G, and Wirth C

Subjects
Biodiversity, Ecology, Plants, Access to Information, Ecosystem
Abstract

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives., (© 2019 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2020
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24. Phylogenetic patterns and phenotypic profiles of the species of plants and mammals farmed for food.

Author

Milla R, Bastida JM, Turcotte MM, Jones G, Violle C, Osborne CP, Chacón-Labella J, Sosinski ÊE Jr, Kattge J, Laughlin DC, Forey E, Minden V, Cornelissen JHC, Amiaud B, Kramer K, Boenisch G, He T, Pillar VD, and Byun C

Subjects
Animals, Animals, Domestic classification, Crops, Agricultural classification, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Animals, Domestic genetics, Biological Evolution, Crops, Agricultural genetics, Domestication
Abstract

The origins of agriculture were key events in human history, during which people came to depend for their food on small numbers of animal and plant species. However, the biological traits determining which species were domesticated for food provision, and which were not, are unclear. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic distribution of livestock and crops, and compare their phenotypic traits with those of wild species. Our results indicate that phylogenetic clustering is modest for crop species but more intense for livestock. Domesticated species explore a reduced portion of the phenotypic space occupied by their wild counterparts and have particular traits in common. For example, herbaceous crops are globally characterized by traits including high leaf nitrogen concentration and tall canopies, which make them fast-growing species and proficient competitors. Livestock species are relatively large mammals with low basal metabolic rates, which indicate moderate to slow life histories. Our study therefore reveals ecological differences in domestication potential between plants and mammals. Domesticated plants belong to clades with traits that are advantageous in intensively managed high-resource habitats, whereas domesticated mammals are from clades adapted to moderately productive environments. Combining comparative phylogenetic methods with ecologically relevant traits has proven useful to unravel the causes and consequences of domestication.

Published
2018
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25. Mapping local and global variability in plant trait distributions.

Author

Butler EE, Datta A, Flores-Moreno H, Chen M, Wythers KR, Fazayeli F, Banerjee A, Atkin OK, Kattge J, Amiaud B, Blonder B, Boenisch G, Bond-Lamberty B, Brown KA, Byun C, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Cornelissen JHC, Craine JM, Craven D, de Vries FT, Díaz S, Domingues TF, Forey E, González-Melo A, Gross N, Han W, Hattingh WN, Hickler T, Jansen S, Kramer K, Kraft NJB, Kurokawa H, Laughlin DC, Meir P, Minden V, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Peñuelas J, Read Q, Sack L, Schamp B, Soudzilovskaia NA, Spasojevic MJ, Sosinski E, Thornton PE, Valladares F, van Bodegom PM, Williams M, Wirth C, and Reich PB

Subjects
Environment, Geography, Models, Statistical, Plant Dispersal, Spatial Analysis, Ecosystem, Plants, Quantitative Trait, Heritable
Abstract

Our ability to understand and predict the response of ecosystems to a changing environment depends on quantifying vegetation functional diversity. However, representing this diversity at the global scale is challenging. Typically, in Earth system models, characterization of plant diversity has been limited to grouping related species into plant functional types (PFTs), with all trait variation in a PFT collapsed into a single mean value that is applied globally. Using the largest global plant trait database and state of the art Bayesian modeling, we created fine-grained global maps of plant trait distributions that can be applied to Earth system models. Focusing on a set of plant traits closely coupled to photosynthesis and foliar respiration-specific leaf area (SLA) and dry mass-based concentrations of leaf nitrogen ([Formula: see text]) and phosphorus ([Formula: see text]), we characterize how traits vary within and among over 50,000 [Formula: see text]-km cells across the entire vegetated land surface. We do this in several ways-without defining the PFT of each grid cell and using 4 or 14 PFTs; each model's predictions are evaluated against out-of-sample data. This endeavor advances prior trait mapping by generating global maps that preserve variability across scales by using modern Bayesian spatial statistical modeling in combination with a database over three times larger than that in previous analyses. Our maps reveal that the most diverse grid cells possess trait variability close to the range of global PFT means., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2017
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26. Vegetation ecology meets ecosystem science: Permanent grasslands as a functional biogeography case study.

Author

Violle C, Choler P, Borgy B, Garnier E, Amiaud B, Debarros G, Diquelou S, Gachet S, Jolivet C, Kattge J, Lavorel S, Lemauviel-Lavenant S, Loranger J, Mikolajczak A, Munoz F, Olivier J, and Viovy N

Subjects
Biodiversity, Ecology, Grassland
Abstract

The effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning has been widely acknowledged, and the importance of the functional roles of species, as well as their diversity, in the control of ecosystem processes has been emphasised recently. However, bridging biodiversity and ecosystem science to address issues at a biogeographic scale is still in its infancy. Bridging this gap is the primary goal of the emerging field of functional biogeography. While the rise of Big Data has catalysed functional biogeography studies in recent years, comprehensive evidence remains scarce. Here, we present the rationale and the first results of a country-wide initiative focused on the C3 permanent grasslands. We aimed to collate, integrate and process large databases of vegetation relevés, plant traits and environmental layers to provide a country-wide assessment of ecosystem properties and services which can be used to improve regional models of climate and land use changes. We outline the theoretical background, data availability, and ecoinformatics challenges associated with the approach and its feasibility. We provide a case study of upscaling of leaf dry matter content averaged at ecosystem level and country-wide predictions of forage digestibility. Our framework sets milestones for further hypothesis testing in functional biogeography and earth system modelling., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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27. Integrating Agricultural and Ecological Goals into the Management of Species-Rich Grasslands: Learning from the Flowering Meadows Competition in France.

Author

Magda D, de Sainte Marie C, Plantureux S, Agreil C, Amiaud B, Mestelan P, and Mihout S

Subjects
Animals, France, Livestock, Agriculture methods, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Grassland
Abstract

Current agri-environmental schemes for reconciling agricultural production with biodiversity conservation are proving ineffective Europe-wide, increasing interest in results-based schemes (RBSs). We describe here the French "Flowering Meadows" competition, rewarding the "best agroecological balance" in semi-natural grasslands managed by livestock farmers. This competition, which was entered by about a thousand farmers in 50 regional nature parks between 2007 and 2014, explicitly promotes a new style of agri-environmental scheme focusing on an ability to reach the desired outcome rather than adherence to prescriptive management rules. Building on our experience in the design and monitoring of the competition, we argue that the cornerstone of successful RBSs is a collective learning process in which the reconciliation of agriculture and environment is reconsidered in terms of synergistic relationships between agricultural and ecological functioning. We present the interactive, iterative process by which we defined an original method for assessing species-rich grasslands in agroecological terms. This approach was based on the integration of new criteria, such as flexibility, feeding value, and consistency of use, into the assessment of forage production performance and the consideration of biodiversity conservation through its functional role within the grassland ecosystem, rather than simply noting the presence or abundance of species. We describe the adaptation of this methodology on the basis of competition feedback, to bring about a significant shift in the conventional working methods of agronomists and conservationists (including researchers).The potential and efficacy of RBSs for promoting ecologically sound livestock systems are discussed in the concluding remarks, and they relate to the ecological intensification debate.

Published
2015
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28. Filling the gap in functional trait databases: use of ecological hypotheses to replace missing data.

Author

Taugourdeau S, Villerd J, Plantureux S, Huguenin-Elie O, and Amiaud B

Abstract

Functional trait databases are powerful tools in ecology, though most of them contain large amounts of missing values. The goal of this study was to test the effect of imputation methods on the evaluation of trait values at species level and on the subsequent calculation of functional diversity indices at community level using functional trait databases. Two simple imputation methods (average and median), two methods based on ecological hypotheses, and one multiple imputation method were tested using a large plant trait database, together with the influence of the percentage of missing data and differences between functional traits. At community level, the complete-case approach and three functional diversity indices calculated from grassland plant communities were included. At the species level, one of the methods based on ecological hypothesis was for all traits more accurate than imputation with average or median values, but the multiple imputation method was superior for most of the traits. The method based on functional proximity between species was the best method for traits with an unbalanced distribution, while the method based on the existence of relationships between traits was the best for traits with a balanced distribution. The ranking of the grassland communities for their functional diversity indices was not robust with the complete-case approach, even for low percentages of missing data. With the imputation methods based on ecological hypotheses, functional diversity indices could be computed with a maximum of 30% of missing data, without affecting the ranking between grassland communities. The multiple imputation method performed well, but not better than single imputation based on ecological hypothesis and adapted to the distribution of the trait values for the functional identity and range of the communities. Ecological studies using functional trait databases have to deal with missing data using imputation methods corresponding to their specific needs and making the most out of the information available in the databases. Within this framework, this study indicates the possibilities and limits of single imputation methods based on ecological hypothesis and concludes that they could be useful when studying the ranking of communities for their functional diversity indices.

Published
2014
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