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Objective: To determine the prevalence of anterior crossbite in Class I and III malocclusion. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Orthodontic Department at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. Methodology: Six hundred patients including 190 males and 410 females with the age range of 6-25 years were included in study. Study was conducted on the pretreatment dental casts. A proforma indicating the biodata, presence or absence of anterior crossbite, number of teeth in anterior crossbite, most common tooth involved in anterior corssbite and presence of anterior crossbite either in Class I or III malocclusion was filled for each patient. Data was entered into SPSS version 24, frequencies and percentages were calculated for quantitative analysis. Results: One hundred thirty seven patients (22.8%) out of 600 were found to have anterior crossbite out of that 54 (39.42%) were males and 83 (60.58%) were females. Upper left lateral incisor was found to be most commonly involved tooth (15.8%) in anterior corssbite, and anterior crossbite was found in 71 (11.8%) patients with Class I, and 66 (11%) patients with Class III malocclusions. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that anterior cross bite was commonly encountered problem in orthodontic patients; it should not be left untreated, and must be diagnosed at the earliest and be corrected so as benefit the orthodontic patients maximally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare Tanaka-Johnston Mixed Dentition Analyses, Melgaco’s Formula and Bherwani’s Regression Equation in predicting the widths of mandibular canine and premolars, in a population presenting to AFID. Study Design: Cross-sectional Analytical Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi, from Aug 2018 to Jul 2019. Methodology: According to selection criteria, 200 subjects presenting to AFID were selected through nonprobability consecutive method. Study models were poured and mesiodistal widths of mandibular incisors, canines, premolars and molars were measured. The results were compared with predicted width values obtained from Tanaka Johnston Analysis, Melgaco Formula, and Bherwani’s Regression Equations and analyzed using paired sample t tests. Results: There was a significant difference between actual and predicted widths of lower canines and premolars for all three methods; Tanaka Jhonston Analysis (p<0.001), Melgaco’s Formula (p<0.001) and Bherwani’s Regression Equation (p<0.001), although values predicted by Bherwani’s Equation were closest to the actual widths. There existed a mean discrepancy of 0.37 mm among tooth widths between both the genders which was statistically significant with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Tanaka Johnston Analysis, Melgaco’s Formula and Bherwani’s Regression Equation did not accurately predict for our sample although Bherwani’s Regression Equation was closest in predicting the actual tooth widths. Sexual dimorphism was established in our sample population as there existed a mean discrepancy of 0.37mm for tooth widths among both the genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the problems as perceived by the patients during orthodontic treatment with removable appliances. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Orthodontic department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. Methodology: A total of 200 participants were included in the study who were wearing removable orthodontic appliances for at least 6 months. The patients were divided into three age groups according to convenience, ranged from 10 to 40 years. Outcome variable were analyzed by questionnaire and patients were interviewed in different dental colleges of Pakistan. Questionnaire included 10 items and covered physical, functional, psychological and social problems associated with wearing of removable orthodontic appliances. Results: In this study, 89 (44.5%) patients were male and 111(55.5%) were female with the age range of 10 to 40 years. Total 104 (52%) patients felt pain after insertion of removable appliances. A relatively increased number of female patients believed that appliance was effective (44.5%) and comfortable (40%) to wear. Halitosis (39%) was the most frequent problem faced by the patients in studied population. Conclusion: Despite a few problems associated with wearing, the removable orthodontic appliances remained an effective and viable treatment option for uncomplicated malocclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soft tissue analysis can be used to assess anatomical features but may or may not accurately correlate with underlying hard tissue morphology, leading to an incorrect perception of malocclusion., Objective: This study aimed to assess the reliability of different soft tissue reference lines used to evaluate anteroposterior lip position and the position of incisors and malocclusion and compare it with those assessed via hard tissue angles (LSMx and LIMd) and determine if they are true indicators of underlying protrusion of incisors and malocclusion., Method: A total of 120 pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected where patients were 18-30 years old, diagnosed as Skeletal Class I, II (Division 1 and 2), and III malocclusion. The measurements taken were SN to point A angle (SNA), SN to point B angle (SNB), angle between point A and point B (ANB), upper incisor to SN plane angle (UI-SN), upper incisor to palatal plane angle (UI-PP), incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA), Ricketts' E line, Sushner's S2 line, nasolabial (NL) angle, mentolabial (ML) angle, LSMx angle, and LIMd angle., Results: In the Class I malocclusion group, when the upper lip was assessed, the distribution of UI-SN, UI-PP, E line to UL, S line to UL, NL angle, and LMax was significantly different statistically (p=0.000), though the assessment of lower variables in Class I malocclusion showed the distribution of IMPA, E line to UL, S line to UL, ML angle, and LMand angle has a statistically significant difference (p=0.007). In Class II Division 2 malocclusion, a significant difference was observed for the upper variables (p=0.000), whereas the distribution of lower values was the same across all the variables (p=0.0724). In the sample of Class III malocclusion, a significant correlation was found in the upper variables, while the distribution among lower variables did not show any significant difference (p=0.211)., Conclusion: This study indicates that the upper and lower soft tissue correlation with hard tissue variables is reliable for some variables but not throughout for all. Soft tissue analysis (under study) can be used to assess disproportion, but it fails to correlate to the underlying hard tissue morphology and does not explain the correct malocclusion. Further studies based on 3D diagnosis to formulate a close relationship are encouraged that can help assess soft and hard tissue patterns consistent with one another., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry's Ethical Committee issued approval 918/Trg. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Amin et al.)