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Stabilization of zero-valent CuNi nanoparticles (NPs) supported on Cicer arietenum (CP) is reported here for the reduction and removal of persistent organic pollutants. The functional groups and interactions of NPs with the CP were determined by ATR-FTIR. The crystallinity, morphology, and the elemental composition of the samples were determined through powder XRD, FESEM, and EDS techniques, respectively. The XRD spectrum displayed a sharp crystalline peak at 43.9 for CuNi. The Cu and Ni zero-valent NPs displayed a peak at almost the same region, and thus, both the peaks are merged and appeared as a single peak. The chemical reduction/degradation of eight model pollutants, viz., 2-nitrophenol (ONP), 3-nitrophenol (MNP), 4-nitrophenol (PNP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), methyl orange (MO), congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RB) were carried out in the presence of NaBH4. The kapp value of 0.1 mM 4NP was highest which was 1.8 × 10−1 min−1 while the slowest rate was observed for CR and RB with kapp 5.5 × 10−3 and 5.4 × 10−3 min−1 respectively. This article helps in the removal of toxic organic pollutants through green supported NPs.

Due to the ability of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) to improve mobility and create innovative services, they have received increasing attention from both industry and academia fields. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a network service that has been developed for Internet's host-based packet delivery model. In VANETs, NDN is used as an emerging architecture for improving the quality of service (QoS) of the networks connected cloud and mobile Internet of Things (IoT). We can achieve this improvement using an efficient content dissemination and forwarding technique that depends on name-based routing, in-network content caching, and interest-based content retrieval. The large amount of data processed by several IoT sensors or nodes of VANETs makes content prioritizing and forwarding mechanism is crucial, especially when many end-users need common content simultaneously. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a content dissemination technique based on priority for boosting the service requirements of NDN-based cloud and mobile IoT nodes in the VANETs. The approach prioritizes the data flow of traffic into four classes: urgent, emergency, least, and average using a novel constrained location and deadline method, called New method employing Deadline Distance and Size of Data (NDDS). The highest priority is assigned to the data traffic with the emergency class, then urgent, average, and least class. To evaluate this proposed technique, a numerical simulation experiment is conducted by using the CloudSim toolkit. The simulation results demonstrate that the emergency data flow has minimum processing time, compared to the average, urgent, and least data flow, which can significantly enhance the QoS of NDN protocol-based Ad Hoc networks., Author(s): Muhammad Ayaz [1]; Jawaid Iqbal [2]; Muhammad Adnan [1,3]; Saddam S. Hussain [4]; Amerah Alabrah [5]; Noor Ul Amin [1]; Suheer Al-Hadhrami (corresponding author) [6]; Sk. Md. Mizanur Rahman [...]

Indian Muslims played their role in the intellectual development and enlightenment of Afghanistan. Besides Pashto and Dari/Persian languages, many of them wrote in Urdu and English languages. In Afghan historiography, particularly Urdu writings of Indian Muslims are ignored for some reasons. This research paper attempts to catalogue Muhammad Hussain Khan's works written in Pashto, Dari/Persian, Urdu and English languages about Afghanistan. He was a prolific writer. His seventy one books have been introduced in this article. He is the pioneer of new literary genres in Afghanistan such as drama and novel. His works remained in oblivion for a long time owing to unknown reasons. A cursory look at the subjects and themes of his works, gives an impression that he was an enlightened, moderate and precursor to development in Afghanistan. His works and ideas seem still very relevant to the current troubled situation in Afghanistan. Muhammad Hussain Khan, belonged to Urmarh tribe. His family was settled in Jallandhar. He had obtained Bachelor of Arts Degree from Muslim Aligarh University and was well versed in English, Urdu. Dari, Persian, Arabic and Pashto languages. He served as teacher of History and Geography in Habibia School, Kabul in 1907. He joined the constitutionalism movement and arrested in that connection in 1909 at the age of 26 years and imprisoned in Arg (Palace) at Kabul and remained in prison almost for one decade. Finally he was released by Amanullah Khan. He also served as Director Primary Schools in the Ministry of Education in 1926. He has remained the editor of the Magazine Habib-ul-Islam in 1928 by Habib Ullah Khan Alias Bacha-i-Saqao (1891-1929). He escaped to British India after some time and returned in 1929 to Kabul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research seeks to explore Pak-US relations under the umbrella of pre and post 9/11incident. This paper follows a qualitative research design with an exploratory and interpretative approach. Whether the soviet war, the cold wars or 9/11 incident, Pakistan US relations have been tied since independence of Pakistan 1947.The Pak-US relation, no doubt remains very important since independence of Pakistan till present as United States of America was the first country to have bilateral ties. After its inception in 1947, Pakistan required economic support from the US. Pakistan not only received economic support but social and political as well; however, this relation was much on economic and military bases. The terrible incident of 9/11resulted in Pakistan’s participation in fighting the war against terrorism, thus making Pakistan an ally for the US. US offered a treaty to Pakistan to join in “war against terror”. The US-Pakistan relations were healthy till the incidents that happened in 2011which put Pakistan into mysterious situation towards this relation. The discussion comes up with the conclusion that Pak US relation have gone through various ups and downs however both need to stay grounded for their mutual interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Khanpur Valley, located in the sub-Himalayan Mountains of Pakistan, is a rich repository of the diverse flora of immense medicinal importance. During the survey, 202 plants were recorded. Similarly, the maximum species were herbs (141), followed by trees (31), while the minimum species were shrubs (30). Moreover, out of the total 202 plant species, 71 (34%) belonged to 42 families that were identified as medicinally important. The findings further established that the most significant number of illnesses cured with medicinal plants were associated with the digestive system (36.05%), followed by respiratory disorders (14.83%), blood purification (14.42%), reproductive diseases (9.7%), skin problems (6.64%), urinary diseases (5.62%), nutritional & tonic supplement (5.21), brains & nerves (4.73%) and bones and joints (2.8%). Finally, the study found that the maximum utilization of medicinal plants was in the form of powder (39.14%), followed by decoction (21.22%), tea (8.41%), paste (7.13%), fresh or raw form (7.1%), juice (6.04%), cooked (4.31%), cream (3.84%) and tincture (2.81%). Based on the result, the local people preferred the herbs and leaves of woody plants for use in various recipes and to cure diseases most preferably associated with the digestive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]