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We perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to quantify the effect of resveratrol supplementation on endothelial function. A comprehensive search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 2021 with no limitation in time and language. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled effect size of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). In total, 21 arms from 17 studies were included. The meta-analysis results showed that resveratrol significantly change the concentrations of FMD (WMD: 1.43%; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.88, p .001) and ICAM-1 (WMD: -7.09 ng/ml, 95% CI: -7.45 to -6.73, p .001). However, VCAM-1, fibrinogen, and PAI-1 did not change significantly after resveratrol supplementation. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that resveratrol supplementation can improve endothelial function which could be important, especially in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of propolis and melatonin supplementation on inflammation, clinical outcomes, and oxidative stress markers in patients with primary pneumosepsis.This pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted on 55 patients with primary pneumosepsis who were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In the three intervention groups, the patients received propolis alone (1,000 mg/day), propolis (1,000 mg/day) plus melatonin (20 mg/day), and melatonin alone (20 mg/day). The control group received placebo. The inflammatory and oxidative stress markers as well as clinical outcomes were evaluated before and after the intervention, and the 28-day survival rate was also recorded.After the intervention, the combination of propolis and melatonin significantly reduced interleukin-6 (-55.282 pg/mL) and C-reactive protein (-21.656 mg/L) levels, while increasing gavage intake (326.680 mL/day) and improving some clinical outcomes (APACHE II, SOFA, and NUTRIC scores) compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of oxidative stress and hematological indices. In addition, there was no significant difference in the 28-day survival rate between the groups (p = 0.07).Supplementation with propolis and melatonin may improve clinical outcomes by reducing inflammation. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings.Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: Mit der vorliegenden Studie sollten die Auswirkungen einer Supplementierung mit Propolis und Melatonin auf das Entzündungsgeschehen, die klinischen Ergebnisse und die Marker für oxidativen Stress bei Patienten mit primärer Pneumosepsis untersucht werden. Material und Methoden: An dieser randomisierten kontrollierten Pilotstudie nahmen 55 Patienten mit primärer Pneumosepsis teil, die randomi­siert den Interventionsgruppen bzw. der Kontrollgruppe zugewiesen wurden. In den drei Interventionsgruppen erhielten die Patienten Propolis als Monotherapie (1’000 mg/Tag), Propolis (1’000 mg/Tag) plus Melatonin (20 mg/Tag) und Melatonin als Monotherapie (20 mg/Tag). Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt ein Placebo. Vor und nach der Intervention wurden die Entzündungsmarker sowie die Marker für oxidativen Stress und die klinischen Ergebnisse beurteilt, und es erfolgte eine Erfassung der 28-Tage-Überlebensrate. Ergebnisse: Nach der Intervention war unter der Kombination von Propolis und Melatonin ein signifikanter Rückgang der Konzentration von Interleukin-6 (–55,282 pg/mL) und C-reaktivem Protein (–21,656 mg/L) gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe zu beobachten, wohingegen die Aufnahme von Sondennahrung (326,680 mL/Tag) zunahm und einige klinische Ergebnisse (APACHE-II-, SOFA- und NUTRIC-Scores) eine Verbesse­rung zeigten. In Hinblick auf den oxidativen Stress und die hämatologischen Indizes bestand jedoch kein signifikan­ter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen, und auch bei der 28-Tage-Überlebensrate fand sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen (p = 0,07). Schlussfolgerung: Eine Supplementierung mit Propolis und Melatonin kann die klinischen Ergebnisse durch eine Verringe­rung des Entzündungsgeschehens verbessern. Zur Bestätigung dieser Ergebnisse sind weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich.

The prevalence of pre-menopausal female infertility is increasing considerably due to various causes such as environmental pollutants, increased administration of chemotherapeutics and radiation exposure, microbial infections, and genetic/epigenetic alterations. However, the current therapeutical strategies remain unfavorite as the disadvantages are strongly challenging. Icariin (ICI) is a phytoestrogen that exerts some promising properties in order to alleviate female infertility. Therefore, the current literature review aimed to evaluate the conducted studies regarding the beneficial impacts of ICI on the female reproductive system and female fecundity. The findings of the present study revealed that ICI is able to modulate the levels of reproductive hormones as it causes a significant decrement in the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) while increasing the levels of estrogen and progesterone. Furthermore, the administration of ICI results in a dramatic alteration in the expression of sex steroids’ receptors, particularly in female reproductive tissues. In addition, preserving ovarian follicular reserve, improving the ovarian and uterine histoarchitecture, elongating the estrous cycle duration, and eventually advancing the female fecundity are other major effects of ICI on the female reproductive system. Despite these desired beneficial properties, the current knowledge appears to be insufficient, hence further investigations, particularly on humans, are encouraged. To the best of our knowledge, this review provides a comprehensive information regarding the beneficial effects of Icariin on female infertility for the firs time

Vibrio cholera (V. cholera) is a facultative pathogen that colonizes the small intestine and produces cholerae toxin as the primary virulence factor that causes cholera and fatal diarrhea in humans. In recent decades, V. cholera has emerged as a notorious multidrug-resistant enteric pathogen. This meta-analysis estimated the pooled proportion of V. cholera antimicrobial resistance against RNA and DNA effective antibiotics.A systematic search was performed for relevant literature until 05 June 2021 in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate weighted pooled resistance (WPR).The meta-analysis were included 164 articles. The WPR of V. cholera were as follows 76% [67,84] to furazolidone, 65% [29,94] to nitrofurantoin, 55% [44,66] to nalidixic acid, 10% [2,23] to rifampicin, 4%(0, 12) to novobiocin, 4% [2,6] to norfloxacin, 3% [1,4] to ciprofloxacin, 1%(0, 3) to sparofloxacin, 0%(0, 3) to levofloxacin, 0%(0, 2) to ofloxacin, 0%(0, 0) to gatifloxacin.V. cholera is a severe problem in Asia and Africa, especially in South Asian countries. The resistance patterns are various in geographical regions. novobiocin 0% (0, 0), and ofloxacin 0% (0, 1) in Africa, gatifloxacin 0% (0, 0), and levofloxacin 0% (0, 6) in Asia and ciprofloxacin 0% (0, 2) in North America are most effective antibiotis. The resistance rate to furazolidone, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, and cephalothin has increased over the years. Monitoring antibiotic resistance and prescribing an appropriate antibiotic is vital to control resistance.

Emerging infections have many effects on the health of pregnant mothers and their fetuses. Given the importance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during pregnancy, this study aims to evaluate the pregnancy and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 by using previous studies. To conduct this study, all studies related to the subject under discussion during the years 2000-2021 were checked out by systematic search in internationally available databases, including Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Finally, 21 closely related studies were selected to investigate the main objective. The results showed that common symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women included fever, cough, and muscle aches. The most common laboratory results included decreased blood lymphocytes and increased blood CRP. Consequences of pregnancy and childbirth in pregnant women included increased preterm delivery and increased cesarean section. Based on the results of the reviewed study, it can be concluded that newborns of mothers with COVID-19 were negative for COVID-19. However, the most common outcome for infants born to mothers with COVID-19 was low birth weight. Clinical signs, laboratory results, and radiographic criteria in pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to those in non-infected adults. However, it is recommended that precautions be taken to prevent transmission of the virus, as well as preventive health instructions, particularly masking.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe clinical problem without effective treatment; the leading cause is neuroinflammation. High-mobility group box one protein (HMGB1) is an abundant protein in the cell nucleus of most mammalian cells, which exerts its function by binding to chromatin. The present study focused on the therapeutic effect of anti-HMGB1 on ICH via the downregulation of inflammatory pathways. The ICH mice models were created by collagenase IV injection in the striatum of mice. Then, mice were received different medications and divided into three groups: anti-HMGB1, anti-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and non-treated ICH groups. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained, and ELISA was carried out to determine the levels of inflammatory agents. Microglial cells were isolated from the cerebral hemispheres, and then Real-Time PCR and western blot were performed. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of anti-HMGB1 were tremendous than anti-TLR4. Overall, the results showed that anti-HMGB1 had a more reducer effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines release (****P 0.0001) and expression (****P 0.0001) than anti-TLR4 when compared with the control group. It was also determined that anti-HMGB1 increased heme-oxygenase-1 (HO1) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) (****P 0.0001) expression in comparison with the control group while it was not significant for anti-TLR4 (CLI-095). The present study suggested that anti-HMGB1 serves as a potential anti-inflammatory molecule via reducing TLR4-related signaling pathways, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine along with heme-oxygenase-1 HO1 and NRF2 increment.

A field experiment was arranged in split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications at Moghan plain, Iran, during the years 2014–2016. Treatments included four irrigation levels, 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% of water requirements for the main plot, and tomato cultivars included for a subplot. Results indicated that deficit irrigation resulted in a decrease in yield and yield components, morphological characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE), and volumetric soil moisture in different layers of soil, while resulting in an increase in qualitative characteristics. Reductions of tomato fruit yield and other studied traits were different in the first and second agronomic years. But in general, comparison of means showed that, based on the normal irrigation, optimal growth and plant growth were observed for 08 cultivar. Moreover, under deficit irrigation conditions, Superbita cultivar exhibited higher yield and WUE compared to 08 and Matin cultivars.Abbreviations: WUE = Water u...