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In recent years, Kazakhstan has demonstrated a strong commitment to make the civil service system open and transparent to its citizens. The country has introduced an e-government system to improve access to information and allow public consultation on civil service. Reforms of the civil service aim to reduce corruption in the civil service and to ensure a transition to a career-based model, meritocracy, and result-based remuneration.

The civil service in the Republic of Kazakhstan is undergoing significant transformations in response to emerging demands and challenges. This study investigates the factors influencing civil service development effectiveness, focusing on both internal and external comparative analyses. We identify critical determinants shaping the civil service system, utilizing secondary data and expert interviews (N=24). Key findings highlight that political will is essential for fostering a modern civil service aligned with fundamental principles of transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Despite some progress in anti-corruption measures and regulatory quality, obstacles still need to be addressed, including a lack of transparency in processes and issues related to employee remuneration and work conditions. Furthermore, political stability and social factors, such as the professionalization of the civil service and the attractiveness of public sector careers, significantly impact reform outcomes. Economic considerations, including wage disparities and budgetary constraints, also play a crucial role. Finally, technological advancements present opportunities and challenges, particularly in digital transformation and e-government initiatives. This study emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies that address these diverse factors to enhance the effectiveness and resilience of Kazakhstan's civil service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]