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The main aim of this study was to synthesize the superparamagnetic nanoparticles coated by alginate/chitosan/β-cyclodextrin to purify α-amylase. Isolated bacteria were identified by morphological, biochemical and taxonomic molecular studies. FTIR- spectrometer, VSM, X-ray instruments and Malvern Zetasizer were used to characterize nanoparticles characteristics. The morphological structures and the elemental composition of the nanoparticles were studied by using FESEM and EDS, respectively. The molecular weight of enzyme was determined using SDS-PAGE, and the enzyme activity detected by zymographic analysis. FTIR studies showed the presence of Fe–O–Fe in the Fe3O4 and verified the interaction between chitosan, β-cyclodextrin and alginate. The saturation magnetization for superparamagnetic and coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles was indicated 39 and 1.9 emu g−1, respectively. The maximum intensity of the XRD peak indicated the presence of the Fe3O4. FESEM and EDS analysis showed that the nanoparticles were regular and spherical in shape and corresponded to the Fe and O elements. Enzyme purification by synthesized nanoparticles was achieved 13.84 U mg−1; purification fold of 3.50. The molecular weight of α-amylase was about 22 kDa. The highest activity of α-amylase was observed at 70 °C, pH 9.3 and Ca2+-independent. As a conclusion, the coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles showed more applications in enzyme purification comparing to the conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, on the other hand absence of myoepithelial cells play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of this cancer. Thus we aimed to investigate the possible abilities of the molecular assay technique to find a relationship between mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) gene expression possibly secreted by myoepithelial cells, grade of breast cancer and other prognostics factors (ER, PR, and c-erb-B2). Methods: Paraffin embedded blocks of 31 breast cancer patients together with two normal breast tissues were used for IHC staining and Maspin gene RNA detection uses the real-time PCR method. Applying QIAGEN kit, we were able to measure Maspin RNA and Extract the cDNA of different samples for evaluating the Maspin RNA level. Results: We found that the RNA level was considerably lowerin these cancer samples compared with normal samples. In addition, different grades of breast cancer in the obtained results adopt some distinguishable values. The Maspin expression in samples with grades II and III is much lower than the ones in normal group (P<0.05) which could be considered as a promising way in diagnosing of this disease. The results showed no considerable differences in Maspin gene expression of the c-erb-B2 scores in the tumor group except the samples having score 0. The other observation of this research study confirmed that Maspin gene expression couldn't show any differences between the values of both ER and PR in different scores of the tumor group. On the other hand, the cDNA of these patients showed lower values compared with normal samples. Conclusion: Maspin expression was reduced in samples with grade II& III of invasive ductal carcinoma. Based on expression of Maspin Inc-erb-B2, it seems that more expression happened in normal group comparing with different scores of it. We could suggest that there was a reverse relationship between tumor formation and Maspin gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the coprecipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions and used as a nanocarrier for the production of piroctone-olamine-loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ PO NPs). The nanocrystalline structure of the prepared iron oxide species was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy method. Particle size distribution analysis showed that the size of Fe3O4@ PO NPs was in the range of 5-55 nm. The magnetization curve of Fe3O4@ PO NPs (with saturation magnetization of 28.2 emu/g) confirmed its ferromagnetic property. Loading of PO on the surface of Fe3O4 NPs qualitatively verified by Fourier transform infrared spectrum obtained from Fe3O4@ PO NPs. Cytotoxicity studies on the human fibrosarcoma cell line ( HT-1080) revealed higher inhibitory effect of Fe3O4@ PO NPs (50% cell death [ IC50] of 8.1 µg/mL) as compared with Fe3O4 NPs ( IC50 of 117.1 µg/mL) and PO ( IC50 of 71.2 µg/mL) alone. In the case of human normal fibroblast (Hs68), the viability percentage was found to be 75% in the presence of Fe3O4@ PO NPs (120 µg/mL). Gelatin zymography showed 17.2% and 34.6% inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2) in the presence of Fe3O4@ PO and PO, respectively, at the same concentration of 40 µg/mL, whereas Fe3O4 NPs did not inhibit MMP-2 at any concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the coprecipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions and used as a nanocarrier for the production of piroctone-olamine-loaded Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 @PO NPs). The nanocrystalline structure of the prepared iron oxide species was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy method. Particle size distribution analysis showed that the size of Fe3 O4 @PO NPs was in the range of 5-55 nm. The magnetization curve of Fe3 O4 @PO NPs (with saturation magnetization of 28.2 emu/g) confirmed its ferromagnetic property. Loading of PO on the surface of Fe3 O4 NPs qualitatively verified by Fourier transform infrared spectrum obtained from Fe3 O4 @PO NPs. Cytotoxicity studies on the human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT-1080) revealed higher inhibitory effect of Fe3 O4 @PO NPs (50% cell death [IC50 ] of 8.1 µg/mL) as compared with Fe3 O4 NPs (IC50 of 117.1 µg/mL) and PO (IC50 of 71.2 µg/mL) alone. In the case of human normal fibroblast (Hs68), the viability percentage was found to be 75% in the presence of Fe3 O4 @PO NPs (120 µg/mL). Gelatin zymography showed 17.2% and 34.6% inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the presence of Fe3 O4 @PO and PO, respectively, at the same concentration of 40 µg/mL, whereas Fe3 O4 NPs did not inhibit MMP-2 at any concentration., (© 2014 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)