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Sepsis, a dysregulated immune response due to life-threatening organ dysfunction, caused by drug-resistant pathogens, is a major global health threat contributing to high disease burden. Clinical outcomes in sepsis depend on timely diagnosis and appropriate early therapeutic intervention. There is a growing interest in the evaluation of nanotechnology-based solutions for sepsis management due to the inherent and unique properties of these nano-sized systems. This review presents recent advancements in nanotechnology-based solutions for sepsis diagnosis and management. Development of nanosensors based on electrochemical, immunological or magnetic principals provide highly sensitive, selective and rapid detection of sepsis biomarkers such as procalcitonin and C-reactive protein and are reviewed extensively. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery of antibiotics in sepsis models have shown promising results in combating drug resistance. Surface functionalization with antimicrobial peptides further enhances efficacy by targeting pathogens or specific microenvironments. Various strategies in nanoformulations have demonstrated the ability to deliver antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents, simultaneously, have been reviewed. The critical role of nanoformulations of other adjuvant therapies including antioxidant, antitoxins and extracorporeal blood purification in sepsis management are also highlighted. Nanodiagnostics and nanotherapeutics in sepsis have enormous potential and provide new perspectives in sepsis management, supported by promising future biomedical applications included in the review.

L-type voltage gated calcium channels play essential role in contraction of various skeletal and vascular smooth muscles, thereby plays important role in regulating blood pressure. Dihydropyridine receptors have been targeted for development of newer antihypertensive agents, one of the structurally analogs nucleus dihydropyrimidines have been reported earlier by us as a potential agent toward development of calcium channel modulator. A pre-synthetic QSAR was run and on the basis of structure activity relationship a series of twenty three molecules was synthesized and studied by myosin light chain kinase assay (MLCK), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) colorimetric assay, non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) and invasive blood pressure (IBP) methods. Molecules with significant efficacy were studied for their single crystal X-ray diffraction, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and post-synthetic QSAR. The NIBP and IBP methods screened molecules with better percentage inhibition versus time compared to standard drug Nifedipine. The lead compound ethyl 2-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-4H-pyrimido [2,1-b] [1,3] benzothiazole-3-carboxylate (26) presented a triclinic structure with polymeric chain packing in lattice. 26 exhibited IC50 on MLCK assay of 2.1±1.7 μM with selectivity of L-type calcium channels and comparative to Nifedipine. It offered satisfactory physicochemical properties with partition coefficient of (ClogP) 4.64. Its pharmacokinetic profile is also good with Cmax at 0.40 μg/ml by oral route with Tmax reaching in 0.5 h which means in 30 min. 26 also exhibits superior t1/2 of 5.4 h and oral bioavailability of (F) 56.75% with an AUC0-∞ of 0.84 μg h/ml. Molecular docking studies indicates toward the interaction of lead compound via hydrogen bonds with Lys144, Glu181 and Asp183, it forms the Van der Walls interactions with Ser18, Asp20, Asn187, Pro185, Glu180, Glu181 and Arg10 with Glide score and Glide energy to be -3.602 and -47.098, respectively. Post-synthetic QSAR of newly synthesized molecules indicates toward improvement with respect to steric descriptor which contributed negatively in former series.

Ever since the discovery of virus in beginning of 20th century, infections caused by these organisms have captured attention of researchers. The evolution of viruses is still a controversy, even same for their categorization in either living or non-living. It is clear that besides many controversies virus remains challenging to treat as well as to control in some extent. Though vaccines are available as prophylactic tool and antiviral drugs for treatment, still virus exist in host cells if they successfully invade biological machinery. Now it remains as challenge to treat these smallest organisms with high degree of efficacy and safety. To answer the demand of the present world there is urgent need of more potent and novel drugs for treatment and vaccines to prevent infection. Answer to this problem will definitely reduce casualties occurring worldwide. This review presents few of the pandemics, their causative agents, current status of treatment and future prospective.

A highly efficient, simple and rapid method for the preparation of various 2-aminobenzoxazoles and other benzoxazole derivatives using a catalytic amount of poly (ethylene glycol)-bound sulfonic acid (PEG-SO3H) is described. PEG-SO3H is found to be an economical and reusable catalyst with low catalytic loading. The percent yield was found to be satisfactory, experimental set up and purification of final products are facile and easy.

Background Despite development in Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART), reports of HIV infection remains in continuous momentum and a cure seems to be imaginary. Raltegravir, an Integrase (IN) inhibitor, provides some life expectancy to patients on salvage therapy. Nowadays, IN inhibitors reported with resistance and shows cross resistance to other drugs in this class. Human Lens Epithelium Derived Growth Factor (LEDGF)/p75 plays a vital role in the HIV life cycle and its importance has been shown in numerous studies. In the LEDGF/p75 IN complex, LEDGF binds to IN at a region other than the catalytic active site. Thus, we tried computationally to approach these IN-LEDGF interaction sites as a novel target in therapy.