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This study reports the status of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) in communities with low endemicity in Ogun-State, Nigeria. The Ov16/Wb123 biplex Rapid Diagnostic Test was used to screen 1,836 participants aged 5 years and above from 8 Local Government Areas (LGAs) from October to December, 2016. Skin snips and night blood were also used for microscopic detection of microfilariae (MF). A cumulative seroprevalence of 9.4% and 0.42% was recorded for onchocerciasis and LF respectively with a co-infection rate of 0.4%. Among the LGAs screened, Ijebu North-East recorded the highest seroprevalence of onchocerciasis (26.4%) and LF (0.9%) while Remo North, Sagamu and Obafemi-Owode LGAs recorded low prevalences ranging from 0.7 - 2.7% for both diseases. No positive result of MF was observed in all the communities screened, even in Ijebu North-East where seroprevalence was high, suggesting historic exposure to onchocerciasis and LF infection which may have occurred over time due to human migration during farming and fishing seasons. Extension of ongoing mass treatment in endemic LGAs is recommended for Ijebu North-East to ensure inclusion in the drive towards the elimination of the diseases in Ogun State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening study of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was carried out in Amaoba Ikwuano, Abia State, Nigeria to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and to access management practices of the diseases among the subject. Accu-check glucometer strip, blood pressure monitor, weighing balance, height metre were used for the study. Out of 260 subjects. 136(52.30%) were males and 124(47.70%) were female. The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the study area was 35.38% and 32.31% respectively. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the study area indicated that males (41.3%) were more affected than females (29.03%). Also male subjects are more hypertensive (38.25%) than females (28.81%). There is no significant difference with respect to sex (p< 0.05). Incidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension showed that males within the age group of 61-70 years have the highest (38.89%) followed by females in the same age group (26.78%) and the least (2.94%) was among age group 20 -30 years in the study area. There was a significant difference between age and sex (p < 0.05). Body Mass Index (BMI) according to sex in relation to diabetes mellitus and hypertension showed that majority of overweight males (67.85%) and females (65.38%) are diabetic. Questionnaire analysis showed that majority of respondents were aware of diabetes mellitus. Most subjects (64.62%) have not been previously diagnose of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge on hypertension showed that most (96.15%) are aware of the disease and majority (67.69%) have not been previously diagnosed of the disease. Some respondent believed that diabetes is mainly caused by consumption of starchy food (31.62%), others identified the cause of hypertension to be obesity (39.26%). Management of diabetes mellitus were identified to be adhering to diet (29.31%). Whereas the management of hypertension were identified to be maintaining normal weight (33.57%). High blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and overweight are prevalent in the study area. There is need for proper health education in the communities for regular screening test and management practices to minimize or avert the risk of complications of late diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]