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2. 'It Is Very Difficult for Us to Separate Ourselves from This System': Views of European Researchers, Research Managers, Administrators and Governance Advisors on Structural and Institutional Influences on Research Integrity

Author

Kennedy, Mari-Rose, Deans, Zuzana, Ampollini, Ilaria, Breit, Eric, Bucchi, Massimiano, Seppel, Külliki, Vie, Knut Jørgen, and Meulen, Ruud ter

Abstract

Research integrity is fundamental to the validity and reliability of scientific findings, and for ethical conduct of research. As part of PRINTEGER (Promoting Integrity as an Integral Dimension of Excellence in Research), this study explores the views of researchers, research managers, administrators, and governance advisors in Estonia, Italy, Norway and UK, focusing specifically on their understanding of institutional and organisational influences on research integrity. A total of 16 focus groups were conducted. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that competition is pervasive and appeared in most themes relating to integrity. The structural frameworks for research such as funding, evaluation and publication were thought to both protect and, more commonly, undermine integrity. In addition, institutional systems, including workload and research governance, shaped participants' day-to-day work environment, also affecting research integrity. Participants also provided ideas for promoting research integrity, including training, and creating conditions that would be supportive of research integrity. These findings support a shift away from individual blame and towards the need for structural and institutional changes, including organisations in the wider research environment, for example funding bodies and publishing companies.

Published
2023
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3. Testing calpain inhibition in tumor endothelial cells: novel targetable biomarkers against glioblastoma malignancy

Author

Laura Guarnaccia, Stefania Elena Navone, Laura Begani, Emanuela Barilla, Emanuele Garzia, Rolando Campanella, Monica Miozzo, Laura Fontana, Giovanni Alotta, Chiara Cordiglieri, Chiara Gaudino, Luigi Schisano, Antonella Ampollini, Laura Riboni, Marco Locatelli, and Giovanni Marfia

Subjects
glioblastoma, angiogenesis, calpains, tumor endothelial cells, target therapy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

IntroductionGlioblastoma IDH-wildtype (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis of approximately 15 months after diagnosis. Most patients suffer from a recurrence in

Published
2024
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4. A large and feasible national survey representative of population exposure to outdoor gamma radiation in urban areas

Author

Carmela Carpentieri, Andrea Maiorana, Marco Ampollini, Sara Antignani, Mario Caprio, Vinicio Carelli, Carlo Cordedda, Christian Di Carlo, and Francesco Bochicchio

Subjects
environmental radioactivity, gamma radiation, outdoor radiation exposure, national survey, urban environments, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundAlthough data on outdoor gamma radiation are available for many countries, they have generally been obtained with measurements performed in undisturbed environments instead of in urban areas where most of the population lives. Only one large national survey, with on-site measurements in urban areas, has been identified worldwide, probably due to high costs (e.g., personnel and instrumentation) and difficulties in selecting measuring points.MethodsA campaign of outdoor gamma radiation measurements has been carried out in the entire Italian territory. All measurement points were selected at the infrastructures of an Italian telecommunications company as representatives of all the possible situations of outdoor exposure to gamma radiation for population in urban areas. Ten replicates of portable gamma (X) detectors carried out all the measurements.ResultsApproximately 4,000 measurements have been performed. They are distributed across 2,901 Italian municipalities, accounting for 75% of the Italian population. The national population-weighted mean of the gamma ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER) is 117 nSv h−1, and it ranges from 62 to 208 nSv h−1 and from 40 to 227 nSv h−1 for 21 regions and 107 provinces, respectively. The average variability at the municipal level, in terms of the coefficient of variation (CV) is 21%, ranging from 3 to 84%. The impact of land coverage and the distance from a building on the outdoor gamma radiation level was assessed with complementary measurements, leading to differences ranging from −40 to 50% and to 50%, respectively.ConclusionA representative campaign of outdoor gamma dose rate measurements has been performed in Italy, only in urban areas, to assess the exposure effect due to outdoor gamma radiation on the population. It is the largest national campaign in urban areas worldwide, with a total of 3,876 on-site measurements. The land coverage and the distance from surrounding buildings were recognized to strongly affect outdoor gamma radiation levels, leading to high variability within small areas. The collaboration with a company that owns a network of facilities on a national territory as dense as the residing population made this survey feasible and affordable. Other countries might adopt this methodology to conduct national surveys in urban environments.

Published
2024
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5. The role of SWI sequence during the preoperative targeting of the subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A retrospective cohort study

Author

Luigi Gianmaria Remore, Leonardo Tariciotti, Giorgio Fiore, Elena Pirola, Linda Borellini, Filippo Cogiamanian, Antonella Maria Ampollini, Luigi Schisano, Dario Gagliano, Stefano Borsa, Mauro Pluderi, Giulio Andrea Bertani, Sergio Barbieri, and Marco Locatelli

Subjects
DBS, Parkinson's disease, Preoperative targeting, SWI, STN, STN-SNr border, Surgery, RD1-811, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Published
2024
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8. The Protective Role of Cognitive Reserve: A Preliminary Study on Parkinsonian Patients Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation

Author

Eleonora Zirone, Fabiana Ruggiero, Maria Takeko Molisso, Roberta Ferrucci, Angelica De Sandi, Angelica Marfoli, Denise Mellace, Filippo Cogiamanian, Linda Borellini, Enrico Mailland, Elena Pirola, Antonella Ampollini, Marco Locatelli, Sergio Barbieri, and Francesca Mameli

Subjects
Parkinson’s disease, deep brain stimulation, subthalamic nucleus, cognitive reserve, cognitive outcomes, Medicine
Abstract

Background/Objectives: High cognitive reserve (CR) has been shown to have beneficial effects on global cognition, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We evaluated the influence of CR on the long-term cognitive outcomes of patients with PD who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). Methods: Twenty-five patients with PD underwent neuropsychological screening using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline, 1 year, and 5 years after bilateral STN-DBS. CR was assessed using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire. According to CR score, patients were assigned to two different groups (LowCR group ≤ 130, HighCR group > 130). Results: Our data showed that patients in the HighCR group obtained a better performance with the MoCA total score at long-term follow-up compared to those in the LowCR group ([mean ± SE] LowCR group: 21.4 ± 1.2 vs. HighCR group: 24.5 ± 1.3, p = 0.05). The cognitive profile of the HighCR group remained unchanged over time. Conversely, the LowCR group had worse global cognition 5 years after surgery (T0: 25.3 ± 0.6 vs. T2: 21.4 ± 1.2, p = 0.02). Cognitive decline was not associated with mood, demographics, or clinical variables. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that higher CR may be protective in PD cognition after STN-DBS. Specifically, a high CR may help cope with long-term decline in the context of surgical treatment. Quantifying a patient’s CR could lead to more personalized medical care, tailoring postoperative support and monitoring for those at higher risk of cognitive decline.

Published
2024
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10. Comparing the effects of irradiation with protons or photons on neonatal mouse brain: Apoptosis, oncogenesis and hippocampal alterations

Author

Giovannini, Daniela, Antonelli, Francesca, Casciati, Arianna, De Angelis, Cinzia, Astorino, Maria Denise, Bazzano, Giulia, Fratini, Emiliano, Ampollini, Alessandro, Vadrucci, Monia, Cisbani, Evaristo, Nenzi, Paolo, Picardi, Luigi, Saran, Anna, Marino, Carmela, Mancuso, Mariateresa, Ronsivalle, Concetta, and Pazzaglia, Simonetta

Published
2024
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11. Surgeon experience influence lymphadenectomy during VATS lobectomy: National VATS database results

Author

Maurizio, Mancuso, Fausto, Pernazza, Majed, Refai, Franco, Stella, Desideria, Argnani, Giuseppe, Marulli, Angela, De Palma, Luigi, Bortolotti, Giovanna, Rizzardi, Piergiorgio, Solli, Giampiero, Dolci, Reinhold, Perkmann, Francesco, Zaraca, Roberto, Benvenuti Mauro, Diego, Gavezzoli, Roberto, Cherchi, Albino, Ferrari Paolo, Felice, Mucilli, Pierpaolo, Camplese, Giulio, Melloni, Federico, Mazza, Giorgio, Cavallesco, Pio, Maniscalco, Luca, Voltolini, Alessandro, Gonfiotti, Francesco, Sollitto, Pia, Ardò Nicoletta, Luca, Pariscenti Gian, Carlo, Risso, Corrado, Surrente, Camillo, Lopez, Andrea, Droghetti, Michele, Giovanardi, Cristiano, Breda, Fabio, Lo Giudice, Marco, Alloisio, Edoardo, Bottoni, Lorenzo, Spaggiari, Roberto, Gasparri, Massimo, Torre, Alessandro, Rinaldo, Mario, Nosotti, Davide, Tosi, Giampeiro, Negri, Alessandro, Bandiera, Alessandro, Baisi, Federico, Raveglia, Alessandro, Stefani, Pamela, Natali, Marco, Scarci, Emanuele, Pirondini, Carlo, Curcio, Dario, Amore, Ottavio, Rena, Samuele, Nicotra, Andrea, Dell' Amore, Alessandro, Bertani, Giorgia, Tancredi, Luca, Ampollini, Paolo, Carbognani, Francesco, Puma, Damiano, Vinci, Giuseppe, Cardillo, Francesco, Carleo, Nachira, Dania, Piero, Paladini, Marco, Ghisalberti, Roberto, Crisci, Duilio, Divisi, Diego, Fontana, Vittorio, Della Beffa, Angelo, Morelli, Francesco, Londero, Andrea, Imperatori, Nicola, Rotolo, Alberto, Andrea, Viti, Maurizio, Infante, Cristiano, Benato, Chiappetta, Marco, Sassorossi, Carolina, Lococo, Filippo, Curcio, Carlo, Crisci, Roberto, Sperduti, Isabella, Meacci, Elisa, and Margaritora, Stefano

Published
2024
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14. Retrospective immunophenotypical evaluation of MET, PD-1/PD-L1, and mTOR pathways in primary tumors and pulmonary metastases of renal cell carcinoma: the RIVELATOR study addresses the issue of biomarkers heterogeneity

Author

Melissa Bersanelli, Letizia Gnetti, Francesco Paolo Pilato, Elena Varotti, Federico Quaini, Nicoletta Campanini, Elena Rapacchi, Roberta Camisa, Paolo Carbognani, Enrico Maria Silini, Michele Rusca, Francesco Leonardi, Umberto Maestroni, Mimma Rizzo, Matteo Brunelli, Sebastiano Buti, and Luca Ampollini

Subjects
renal carcinoma, biomarkers, heterogeneity, immunohistochemistry, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Aim: In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), tumor heterogeneity generated challenges to biomarker development and therapeutic management, often becoming responsible for primary and acquired drug resistance. This study aimed to assess the inter-tumoral, intra-tumoral, and intra-lesional heterogeneity of known druggable targets in metastatic RCC (mRCC). Methods: The RIVELATOR study was a monocenter retrospective analysis of biological samples from 25 cases of primary RCC and their paired pulmonary metastases. The biomarkers analyzed included MET, mTOR, PD-1/PD-L1 pathways and the immune context. Results: High multi-level heterogeneity was demonstrated. MET was the most reliable biomarker, with the lowest intratumor heterogeneity: the positive mutual correlation between MET expression in primary tumors and their metastases had a significantly proportional intensity (P = 0.038). The intratumor heterogeneity grade was significantly higher for the mTOR pathway proteins. Combined immunophenotypical expression patterns and their correlations with the immune context were uncovered [i.e., mTOR expression in the metastases positively correlated with PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), P = 0.019; MET expression was related to PD-1 expression on TILs (P = 0.041, ρ = 0.41) and peritumoral lymphocytes (RILs; P = 0.013, ρ = 0.49)], suggesting the possibility of predicting drug response or resistance to tyrosine kinase, mTOR, or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusions: In mRCC, multiple and multi-level assays of potentially predictive biomarkers are needed for their reliable translation into clinical practice. The easy-to-use immunohistochemical method of the present study allowed the identification of different combined expression patterns, providing cues for planning the management of systemic treatment combinations and sequences in an mRCC patient population. The quantitative heterogeneity of the investigated biomarkers suggests that multiple intralesional assays are needed to consider the assessment reliable for clinical considerations.

Published
2023
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15. Status and development of the TOP-IMPLART Project

Author

Picardi, L., Ampollini, A., Anello, P., Balduzzi, M., Bazzano, G., Borgognoni, F., Cisbani, E., DAndrea, M., De Angelis, C., De Angelis, G., Della Monaca, S., Esposito, G., Ghio, F., Giuliani, F., Lucentini, M., Marino, C., Montereali, R. M., Nenzi, P., Notaro, C., Patrono, C., Placido, C., Piccinini, M., Ronsivalle, C., Santavenere, F., Spurio, A., Strigari, L., Surrenti, V., Tabocchini, A., Trinca, E., and Vadrucci, M.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

The TOP-IMPLART project consists of the design and implementation of a linear proton accelerator, its control and monitoring systems for the treatment of superficial and semi-deep tumors. The energy of 150 MeV (corresponding to a penetration in tissue of about 15 cm) is a milestone in design being useful for the proton therapy treatment of almost 50% of tumors based on their position and depth (including ocular melanoma, head-neck tumors, pediatric tumors, and more superficial tumors). The capability to vary the intensity on a pulse-to-pulse basis combined with an electronic feedback system allows to get the required dose uniformity (2.5%) reducing the number of re-paintings. In this paper the state of the art and the objectives of the TOP-IMPLART project are described within the framework of the progress of Protontherapy.

Published
2020

16. Sub-background radiation exposure at the LNGS underground laboratory: dosimetric characterization of the external and underground facilities

Author

Marco Ampollini, Pasqualino Anello, Marco Balata, Emanuela Bortolin, Federico Chiarelli, Daniele Chiti, Maurizio Chiti, Cinzia De Angelis, Giulia D’Imperio, Raffaella Donghia, Giuseppe Esposito, Francesco Ferella, Angelo Galante, Matthias Laubenstein, Patrizia Morciano, Stefano Nisi, Cristina Nuccetelli, Maria Cristina Quattrini, Maria Antonella Tabocchini, and Claudia Tomei

Subjects
low radiation environment, RENOIR, dosimetric characterization, LNGS underground laboratory, Monte Carlo simulation, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Radiobiological studies conducted in Deep Underground Laboratories allow to improve the knowledge of the biological effects induced by ionizing radiation at low doses/dose rates. At the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics we can study the possible differences in behavior between parallel biological systems, one maintained in a Reference-Radiation Environment (RRE, external) and the other maintained in an extremely Low-Radiation Environment (LRE, underground), in the absence of pressure changes, the RRE and LRE laboratories being at the same altitude. For these investigations, it is mandatory to evaluate the dose rate values at RRE and LRE. The aim of our work is to provide a comprehensive dosimetric analysis for external and underground laboratories. Measurements of the different low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) components at RRE and LRE were performed using different detectors. Gamma dose rates were 31 nSv/h at RRE and 27 nSv/h at LRE respectively. The muon dose rate was 47 nSv/h at RRE and negligible at LRE (less than pGy/h). Dosimetric measurements were also carried out to characterize the devices used to modulate the gamma dose rate, namely, a gamma source irradiator (to increase the dose rate by about 90 nSv/h) and shields (of iron at LRE and lead at RRE). Using the iron shield at LRE a dose reduction factor of about 20, compared to the RRE, was obtained for the low LET components; inside the lead shield at RRE the gamma component was negligible compared to the muonic component. Radon activity concentrations were approximately of 20 Bq/m3 at both LRE and RRE. The intrinsic contribution of radioactivity in the experimental set up was of 0.25 nGy/h, as evaluated with a GEANT4-simulation, using as input the measured activity concentrations. GEANT4 simulations were also performed to calculate the neutron dose rate at RRE, yielding a value of 1.4 nGy/h, much larger than that at LRE (which is less than pGy/h). In conclusion, RRE and LRE are currently characterized and equipped to perform radiobiological studies aimed at understanding the involvement of the different low LET components in determining the response of biological systems.

Published
2023
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17. Spatial and temporal scales of variability for indoor air constituents

Author

Lakey, Pascale SJ, Won, Youngbo, Shaw, David, Østerstrøm, Freja F, Mattila, James, Reidy, Emily, Bottorff, Brandon, Rosales, Colleen, Wang, Chen, Ampollini, Laura, Zhou, Shan, Novoselac, Atila, Kahan, Tara F, DeCarlo, Peter F, Abbatt, Jonathan PD, Stevens, Philip S, Farmer, Delphine K, Carslaw, Nicola, Rim, Donghyun, and Shiraiwa, Manabu

Subjects
Chemical Sciences, Bioengineering, Chemical sciences
Abstract

Historically air constituents have been assumed to be well mixed in indoor environments, with single point measurements and box modeling representing a room or a house. Here we demonstrate that this fundamental assumption needs to be revisited through advanced model simulations and extensive measurements of bleach cleaning. We show that inorganic chlorinated products, such as hypochlorous acid and chloramines generated via multiphase reactions, exhibit spatial and vertical concentration gradients in a room, with short-lived ⋅OH radicals confined to sunlit zones, close to windows. Spatial and temporal scales of indoor constituents are modulated by rates of chemical reactions, surface interactions and building ventilation, providing critical insights for better assessments of human exposure to hazardous pollutants, as well as the transport of indoor chemicals outdoors.

Published
2021

18. Cardiac autonomic and cortisol stress responses to real operations in surgeons: relationship with individual psychobiological characteristics and experience

Author

Luca Carnevali, Elena Bignami, Sara Gambetta, Margherita Barbetti, Matteo Procopio, Antonio Freyrie, Paolo Carbognani, Luca Ampollini, and Andrea Sgoifo

Subjects
Surgeon, Intraoperative stress, Heart rate variability, Cortisol, Depression, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract Background Surgeons are exposed to high levels of intraoperative stress, which could compromise their psychological well-being in the long term. This study aimed at exploring the effects of real operations on the activity of stress response systems (i.e., cardiac autonomic function and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis) during and in the aftermath of surgery, and the moderating role of individual psychobiological characteristics and different levels of experience (senior vs expert surgeons). Methods Heart rate, heart rate variability, and salivary cortisol measures (as indexes of cardiac autonomic and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, respectively) were assessed during real operations and in the perioperative period in a sample of surgeons (n = 16). Surgeons’ psychometric characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Results. Real operations triggered both cardiac autonomic and cortisol stress responses which were independent from surgeons’ level of experience. Intraoperative stress responses did not affect cardiac autonomic activity during the following night but were associated with a blunted cortisol awakening response. Moreover, senior surgeons reported higher levels of negative affectivity and depressive symptoms than expert surgeons prior to the surgery. Lastly, the magnitude of heart rate responses to surgery positively correlated with scores on negative affectivity, depression, perceived stress, and trait anxiety scales. Conclusion This exploratory study allows to put forward the hypotheses that in surgeons cardiac autonomic and cortisol stress responses to real operations (i) may be associated with specific individual psychological characteristics regardless of the level of experience, (ii) and may have a longer lasting impact on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function with potential implications for surgeons’ physical and psychological well-being.

Published
2023
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19. European Epidemiology of Pleural Mesothelioma—Real-Life Data From a Joint Analysis of the Mesoscape Database of the European Thoracic Oncology Platform and the European Society of Thoracic Surgery Mesothelioma Database

Author

Stahel, Rolf, Hiltbrunner, Anita, Kammler, Rosita, Marti, Nesa, Ruepp, Barbara, Dafni, Urania, Tsourti, Zoi, Zygoura, Panagiota, Vervita, Katerina, Dimopoulou, Georgia, Andriakopoulou, Charitini, Stavrou, Androniki, Rüschoff, Jan H., Haberecker, Martina, Dettwiler, Susanne, Prutek, Fabiola, Mittmann, Christiane, Opitz, Isabelle, Vrugt, Bart, Friess, Martina, Matter, Alessandra, Spichiger-Häusermann, Chloé, Kirschner, Michaela B., Felley-Bosco, Emanuela, Baas, Paul, Monkhorst, Kim, Nackaerts, Kristiaan, Verbeken, Eric, Weynand, Birgit, Nafteux, Philippe, Moons, Johnny, Peeters, Liesbet, Ampollini, Luca, Tiseo, Marcello, Silini, Enrico Maria, Gnetti, Letizia, Carbognani, Paolo, de Perrot, Marc, Bavaghar-Zaeimi, Fatemeh, Brcic, Luka, Samarzija, Miroslav, Seiwerth, Sven, Jakopovic, Marko, Nadal, Ernest, Cardenal, Felipe, Llatjos, Roger, Lorente, Susana, Syrigos, Konstantinos, Vamvakaris, Ioannis, Tsimpoukis, Sotirios, Boura, Paraskevi, Gray, Steven G., Finn, Stephen P., Nur, Mutaz Mohammed, Baird, Anne-Marie, Barr, Martin P., Cuffe, Sinead, Gately, Kathy, Aerts, Joachim, Thüsen, Jan von der, Bille, Andrea, Passani, Stefano, Brunelli, Alessandro, Curioni-Fontecedro, Alessandra, von der Thüsen, Jan, Kammler, Roswitha, Peters, Solange, Stahel, Rolf A., and Falcoz, Pierre-Emmanuel

Published
2023
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23. Salvage Surgery After First-Line Alectinib for Locally-Advanced/Metastatic ALK-Rearranged NSCLC: Pathological Response and Perioperative Results

Author

Lococo, Filippo, Cancellieri, Alessandra, Chiappetta, Marco, Leonetti, Alessandro, Cardillo, Giuseppe, Zanelli, Francesca, Mangiameli, Giuseppe, Toschi, Luca, Guggino, Gianluca, Romano, Francesco Jacopo, Leuzzi, Giovanni, Proto, Claudia, Spaggiari, Lorenzo, De Marinis, Filippo, Vita, Emanuele, Ampollini, Luca, Margaritora, Stefano, Tiseo, Marcello, and Bria, Emilio

Published
2023
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24. Expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 in mesothelioma patients - correlation with clinico-pathological characteristics and outcome: results from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) Mesoscape project

Author

Rüschoff, Jan Hendrik, Haberecker, Martina, Tsourti, Zoi, Nackaerts, Kristiaan, de Perrot, Marc, Brcic, Luka, Nadal, Ernest, Tsimpoukis, Sotirios, Gray, Steven G., Ampollini, Luca, Aerts, Joachim G., Felley-Bosco, Emanuela, Kirschner, Michaela B., Monkhorst, Kim, Weynand, Birgit, Bavaghar-Zaeimi, Fatemeh, Samarzija, Miroslav, Llatjos, Roger, Finn, Stephen P., Silini, Enrico, von der Thüsen, Jan, Marti, Nesa, Vervita, Karerina, Kammler, Roswitha, Peters, Solange, Stahel, Rolf A., Baas, Paul, and Opitz, Isabelle

Published
2022
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26. Surface reservoirs dominate dynamic gas-surface partitioning of many indoor air constituents

Author

Wang, Chen, Collins, Douglas B, Arata, Caleb, Goldstein, Allen H, Mattila, James M, Farmer, Delphine K, Ampollini, Laura, DeCarlo, Peter F, Novoselac, Atila, Vance, Marina E, Nazaroff, William W, and Abbatt, Jonathan PD

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Chemical Sciences
Abstract

Human health is affected by indoor air quality. One distinctive aspect of the indoor environment is its very large surface area that acts as a poorly characterized sink and source of gas-phase chemicals. In this work, air-surface interactions of 19 common indoor air contaminants with diverse properties and sources were monitored in a house using fast-response, on-line mass spectrometric and spectroscopic methods. Enhanced-ventilation experiments demonstrate that most of the contaminants reside in the surface reservoirs and not, as expected, in the gas phase. They participate in rapid air-surface partitioning that is much faster than air exchange. Phase distribution calculations are consistent with the observations when assuming simultaneous equilibria between air and large weakly polar and polar absorptive surface reservoirs, with acid-base dissociation in the polar reservoir. Chemical exposure assessments must account for the finding that contaminants that are fully volatile under outdoor air conditions instead behave as semivolatile compounds indoors.

Published
2020

27. Il tempo e la crisi. Analisi di un binomio costitutivo della modernità europea

Author

Andrea Ampollini

Subjects
crisi, marx, nietzsche, progresso, secolarizzazione., Anthropology, GN1-890, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, P101-410
Abstract

This article aims to reconstruct the history of the concept of crisis and its links with the main temporal models of European modernity, paying particular attention to Marxian thought and to some of the most significant critiques that have been addressed to it. During this historical and conceptual analysis, three objectives will be basically pursued: firstly, to show the positive meaning that ‘crisis’ has assumed within the modern philosophies of history and to investigate its debts with the Judeo-Christian tradition; secondly, to prove that Marx did not intend to support, as he has often been accused of, any staged and linear conception of history, but rather to highlight the existence of different temporal strata, within which ‘crisis’ does not produce any forced outcome; finally, to analyze how, between the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, authors like Nietzsche and Spengler tried to eliminate – without succeeding – faith in historical progress.

Published
2022
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28. The Overweight Paradox: Impact of Body Mass Index on Patients Undergoing VATS Lobectomy or Segmentectomy

Author

Parini, Sara, Azzolina, Danila, Massera, Fabio, Mastromarino, Maria Giovanna, Papalia, Esther, Baietto, Guido, Curcio, Carlo, Crisci, Roberto, Rena, Ottavio, Alloisio, Marco, Amore, Dario, Ampollini, Luca, Ardò, Nicoletta, Argnani, Desideria, Baisi, Alessandro, Bandiera, Alessandro, Benato, Cristiano, Benvenuti, Mauro Roberto, Bertani, Alessandro, Bortolotti, Luigi, Bottoni, Edoardo, Breda, Cristiano, Camplese, Pierpaolo, Carbognani, Paolo, Cardillo, Giuseppe, Carleo, Francesco, Cavallesco, Giorgio, Cherchi, Roberto, De Palma, Angela, Dell'Amore, Andrea, Della Beffa, Vittorio, Divisi, Duilio, Dolci, Giampiero, Droghetti, Andrea, Ferrari, Paolo, Fontana, Diego, Gasparri, Roberto, Gavezzoli, Diego, Ghisalberti, Marco, Giovanardi, Michele, Gonfiotti, Alessandro, Guerrera, Francesco, Imperatori, Andrea, Infante, Maurizio, Lausi, Paolo, Lo Giudice, Fabio, Londero, Francesco, Lopez, Camillo, Mancuso, Maurizio, Maniscalco, Pio, Margaritora, Stefano, Marulli, Giuseppe, Mazza, Federico, Meacci, Elisa, Melloni, Giulio, Morelli, Angelo, Mucilli, Felice, Natali, Pamela, Negri, Giampiero, Nicotra, Samuele, Nosotti, Mario, Paladini, Piero, Pariscenti, Gianluca, Perkmann, Reinhold, Pernazza, Fausto, Pirondini, Emanuele, Puma, Francesco, Raveglia, Federico, Refai, Majed, Rinaldo, Alessandro, Risso, Carlo, Rizzardi, Giovanna, Rotolo, Nicola, Scarci, Marco, Solli, Piergiorgio, Sollitto, Francesco, Spaggiari, Lorenzo, Stefani, Alessandro, Stella, Franco, Surrente, Corrado, Tancredi, Giorgia, Terzi, Alberto, Torre, Massimo, Tosi, Davide, Vinci, Damiano, Viti, Andrea, Voltolini, Luca, and Zaraca, Francesco

Published
2023
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30. Gait and speech improvement in one patient following 3-months of adaptive STN-DBS therapy

Author

Palmisano, C., primary, Borellini, L., additional, Caffi, L., additional, Bonvegna, S., additional, Contaldi, E., additional, Mameli, F., additional, D’Ammando, A., additional, Arlotti, M., additional, Aloia, V., additional, Rossi, L., additional, Mailland, E., additional, Cogiamanian, F., additional, Barbieri, S., additional, Mazzoni, A., additional, Pezzoli, G., additional, Priori, A., additional, Ampollini, A.M., additional, Marceglia, S., additional, Locatelli, M., additional, and Isaias, I.U., additional

Published
2024
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31. Role of Luteolin as Potential New Therapeutic Option for Patients with Glioblastoma through Regulation of Sphingolipid Rheostat

Author

Stefania Elena Navone, Laura Guarnaccia, Massimiliano D. Rizzaro, Laura Begani, Emanuela Barilla, Giovanni Alotta, Emanuele Garzia, Manuela Caroli, Antonella Ampollini, Aniello Violetti, Noreen Gervasi, Rolando Campanella, Laura Riboni, Marco Locatelli, and Giovanni Marfia

Subjects
glioblastoma stem cells, luteolin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramide, sphingolipid rheostat, temozolomide, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, still considered incurable. In this study, conducted on primary GBM stem cells (GSCs), specifically selected as the most therapy-resistant, we examined the efficacy of luteolin, a natural flavonoid, as an anti-tumoral compound. Luteolin is known to impact the sphingolipid rheostat, a pathway regulated by the proliferative sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and the proapoptotic ceramide (Cer), and implicated in numerous oncopromoter biological processes. Here, we report that luteolin is able to inhibit the expression of SphK1/2, the two kinases implicated in S1P formation, and to increase the expression of both SGPL1, the lyase responsible for S1P degradation, and CERS1, the ceramide synthase 1, thus shifting the balance toward the production of ceramide. In addition, luteolin proved to decrease the expression of protumoral signaling as MAPK, RAS/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and cyclins involved in cell cycle progression. In parallel, luteolin succeeded in upregulation of proapoptotic mediators as caspases and Bcl-2 family and cell cycle controllers as p53 and p27. Furthermore, luteolin determined the shutdown of autophagy contributing to cell survival. Overall, our data support the use of luteolin as add-on therapy, having demonstrated a good ability in impairing GSC viability and survival and increasing cell sensitivity to TMZ.

Published
2023
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32. Microgravity and the intervertebral disc: The impact of space conditions on the biomechanics of the spine

Author

Giovanni Marfia, Laura Guarnaccia, Stefania Elena Navone, Antonella Ampollini, Melissa Balsamo, Francesca Benelli, Chiara Gaudino, Emanuele Garzia, Claudia Fratocchi, Claudia Di Murro, Gianfranco Kim Ligarotti, Carmelo Campanella, Angelo Landolfi, Pietro Perelli, Marco Locatelli, and Giuseppe Ciniglio Appiani

Subjects
microgravity, intervertebral disc, disc degeneration, low back pain, space, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

The environmental conditions to which astronauts and other military pilots are subjected represent a unique example for understanding and studying the biomechanical events that regulate the functioning of the human body. In particular, microgravity has shown a significant impact on various biological systems, such as the cardiovascular system, immune system, endocrine system, and, last but not least, musculoskeletal system. Among the potential risks of flying, low back pain (LBP) has a high incidence among astronauts and military pilots, and it is often associated with intervertebral disc degeneration events. The mechanisms of degeneration determine the loss of structural and functional integrity and are accompanied by the aberrant production of pro-inflammatory mediators that exacerbate the degenerative environment, contributing to the onset of pain. In the present work, the mechanisms of disc degeneration, the conditions of microgravity, and their association have been discussed in order to identify possible molecular mechanisms underlying disc degeneration and the related clinical manifestations in order to develop a model of prevention to maintain health and performance of air- and space-travelers. The focus on microgravity also allows the development of new proofs of concept with potential therapeutic implications.

Published
2023
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33. Brain tumours in the time of COVID-19: An online survey on patients’ disease experience in one Italian region

Author

Giorgia Abete-Fornara, Francesca Mameli, Fabiana Ruggiero, Jennifer Meessen, Adriana Blanda, Antonella Ampollini, Marco Locatelli, Andrea Salmaggi, Andrea Di Cristofori, Ilaria Mauri, and Manuela Caroli

Subjects
brain tumour, survey, psychological impact, pandemic, COVID-19, neuro-oncology, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

BackgroundSince the outbreak, in 2019, of COVID-19, the world has experienced marked changes in daily habits, partly reflecting the exceptional social restrictions and health measures adopted to contain the disease. All these measures significantly affected not only peoples’s daily lives and psychological well-being but also the possibility for the healthcare system to function properly. In this setting, brain tumour patients were at risk due to their higher physical and mental fragility and their need for regular care. The aim of the present study was to assess, using a self-reported online questionnaire, the patients’s perceptions regarding their disease experience.Materials and methodsWe developed an online anonymous self-report survey to assess patients’s disease experience during the pandemic. We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients’s cancer care schedules, their psychological distress and emotions felt during the pandemic, their levels of worry about COVID-19, and their oncological conditions.Results107 patients answered our survey, most of them suffering from a glioma. Less than one-third of the sample had their appointments cancelled, delayed or converted into online visits due to the pandemic. Of the patients who answered the survey, 95% declared they were satisfied with their Institute’s oncological management. The feelings reported most often were peacefulness or anxiety/worry; the majority of the sample reported high levels of loneliness, which tended to increase with age, whilst the psychological distress was correlated with age and with having a recurrence of the disease. Half of the sample declared severe worry about their oncological condition, in particular subjects with a recurrence or who were receiving adjuvant therapies. Patients with recurrence tended to worry more about the possibility of contracting COVID-19, and its effects.ConclusionOur findings illustrate how fragile and in need of care patients with a brain tumour may be, especially those with more severe clinical conditions. These data may help boost healthcare professionals’s knowledge about brain tumour patients’s needs and fears, so as to be able to offer them a better hospital experience and improve their clinical management, while possibly also reducing the psychological burden on patients and their families.

Published
2023
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35. Testing calpain inhibition in tumor endothelial cells: novel targetable biomarkers against glioblastoma malignancy.

Author

Guarnaccia, Laura, Navone, Stefania Elena, Begani, Laura, Barilla, Emanuela, Garzia, Emanuele, Campanella, Rolando, Miozzo, Monica, Fontana, Laura, Alotta, Giovanni, Cordiglieri, Chiara, Gaudino, Chiara, Schisano, Luigi, Ampollini, Antonella, Riboni, Laura, Locatelli, Marco, and Marfia, Giovanni

Subjects
CYSTEINE proteinases, GENE expression, PEARSON correlation (Statistics), PROGNOSIS, OVERALL survival, BRAIN tumors
Abstract

Introduction: Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis of approximately 15 months after diagnosis. Most patients suffer from a recurrence in <1 year, and this renders GBM a life-threatening challenge. Among molecular mechanisms driving GBM aggressiveness, angiogenesis mediated by GBM endothelial cells (GECs) deserves consideration as a therapeutic turning point. In this scenario, calpains, a family of ubiquitously expressed calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, emerged as promising targets to be investigated as a novel therapeutic strategy and prognostic tissue biomarkers. Methods: To explore this hypothesis, GECs were isolated from n=10 GBM biopsies and characterized phenotypically by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of calpains were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and their association with patients' prognosis was estimated by Pearson correlation and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Calpain targeting efficacy was assessed by a time- and dose-dependent proliferation curve, MTT assay for viability, caspase-3/7 activity, migration and angiogenesis in vitro, and gene and protein expression level modification. Results: Immunofluorescence confirmed the endothelial phenotype of our primary GECs. A significant overexpression was observed for calpain-1/2/3 (CAPN) and calpain-small-subunits-1/2 (CAPNS1), whereas calpastatin gene, the calpain natural inhibitor, was reported to be downregulated. A significant negative correlation was observed between CAPN1/CAPNS1 and patient overall survival. GEC challenging revealed that the inhibition of calpain-1 exerts the strongest proapoptotic efficacy, so GEC mortality reached the 80%, confirmed by the increased activity of caspase-3/7. Functional assays revealed a strong affection of in vitro migration and angiogenesis. Gene and protein expression proved a downregulation of MAPK, VEGF/VEGFRs, and Bcl-2, and an upregulation of caspases and Bax-family mediators. Conclusion: Overall, the differential expression of calpains and their correlation with patient survival suggest a novel promising target pathway, whose blockade showed encouraging results toward precision medicine strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. The role of the surgical volume for clinical outcomes in VATS lobectomy for lung cancer: a national large database multicenter analysis.

Author

Bertolaccini, Luca, Prisciandaro, Elena, Uslenghi, Clarissa, Chiari, Matteo, Cara, Andrea, Mazzella, Antonio, Casiraghi, Monica, Spaggiari, Lorenzo, Alloisio, Marco, Amore, Dario, Ampollini, Luca, Andreetti, Claudio, Argnani, Desideria, Baietto, Guido, Bandiera, Alessandro, Benato, Cristiano, Benvenuti, Mauro Roberto, Bertani, Alessandro, Bortolotti, Luigi, and Bottoni, Edoardo

Abstract

Improving the quality of lung cancer care at a cost that can be sustained is a hotly debated issue. High-risk, low-volume procedures (such as lung resections) are believed to improve significantly when centralised in high-volume centres. However, limited evidence exists to support volume requirements in lung cancer surgery. On the other hand, there was no evidence that the number of lung resections affected either the short-term perioperative results or the long-term cost. Using data from an extensive nationwide registry, this study investigated the correlations between surgical volumes and selected perioperative outcomes. A retrospective analysis of a prospectively filled national registry that follows stringent quality assurance and security procedures was conducted to ensure data accuracy and security. Patients who underwent VATS lobectomy from 2014 to 2019 at the participating centres were included. Selected perioperative outcomes were reported. Total direct hospital cost is measured at discharge for hospitalisations with a primary diagnosis of lung cancer, hospital stay costs, and postoperative length of hospital stay after lobectomy. After the propensity score matched, centres were divided into three groups according to the surgical volume of the unit where VATS lobectomies were performed (high-volume centre: > 500 lobectomies; medium-volume centre: 200–500 lobectomies; low-volume centre: < 200 lobectomies). 11,347 patients were included and matched (low-volume center = 2890; medium-volume center = 3147; high-volume center = 2907). The mean operative time density plot (Fig. 1A) showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.67). In contrast, the density plot of the harvested lymph nodes (Fig. 1B) showed significantly higher values in the high-volume centres (p = 0.045), albeit without being clinically significant. The adjusted rates of any and significant complications were higher in the low-volume centre (p = 0.034) without significantly affecting the length of hospital stay (p = 0.57). VATS lobectomies for lung cancer in higher-volume centres seem associated with a statistically significantly higher number of harvested lymph nodes and lower perioperative complications, yet without any significant impact in terms of costs and resource consumption. These findings may advise the investigation of the learning curve effect in a complete economic evaluation of VATS lobectomy in lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. The Protective Role of Cognitive Reserve: A Preliminary Study on Parkinsonian Patients Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation.

Author

Zirone, Eleonora, Ruggiero, Fabiana, Molisso, Maria Takeko, Ferrucci, Roberta, De Sandi, Angelica, Marfoli, Angelica, Mellace, Denise, Cogiamanian, Filippo, Borellini, Linda, Mailland, Enrico, Pirola, Elena, Ampollini, Antonella, Locatelli, Marco, Barbieri, Sergio, and Mameli, Francesca

Subjects
DEEP brain stimulation, MONTREAL Cognitive Assessment, PARKINSON'S disease, SUBTHALAMIC nucleus, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Background/Objectives: High cognitive reserve (CR) has been shown to have beneficial effects on global cognition, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the influence of CR on the long-term cognitive outcomes of patients with PD who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). Methods: Twenty-five patients with PD underwent neuropsychological screening using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline, 1 year, and 5 years after bilateral STN-DBS. CR was assessed using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire. According to CR score, patients were assigned to two different groups (LowCR group ≤ 130, HighCR group > 130). Results: Our data showed that patients in the HighCR group obtained a better performance with the MoCA total score at long-term follow-up compared to those in the LowCR group ([mean ± SE] LowCR group: 21.4 ± 1.2 vs. HighCR group: 24.5 ± 1.3, p = 0.05). The cognitive profile of the HighCR group remained unchanged over time. Conversely, the LowCR group had worse global cognition 5 years after surgery (T0: 25.3 ± 0.6 vs. T2: 21.4 ± 1.2, p = 0.02). Cognitive decline was not associated with mood, demographics, or clinical variables. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that higher CR may be protective in PD cognition after STN-DBS. Specifically, a high CR may help cope with long-term decline in the context of surgical treatment. Quantifying a patient's CR could lead to more personalized medical care, tailoring postoperative support and monitoring for those at higher risk of cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Surgery vs. Radiosurgery for Patients with Localized Metastatic Brain Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Author

Giorgio Fiore, Leonardo Tariciotti, Giulio Andrea Bertani, Dario Gagliano, Antonio D’Ammando, Antonella Maria Ampollini, Luigi Schisano, Stefano Borsa, Mauro Pluderi, Marco Locatelli, and Manuela Caroli

Subjects
brain metastasis, radiosurgery, surgery, surgical resection, radiotherapy, oligometastasis, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the efficacy and safety of surgery compared to radiosurgery (RS), combined or not with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), for localized metastatic brain disease. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The inclusion criteria were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared surgery and RS for patients with up to 3 metastases (median diameter ≤ 4 cm). The primary outcomes were represented by overall survival (OS) and local brain progression-free survival (PFS), with the rate of complications as a secondary outcome. The pooled estimates were calculated using random forest models. The risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB2 revised tool and the certainty of the evidence was assessed according to the GRADE guidelines. Results: In total, 11,256 records were identified through database and register searches. After study selection, 3 RCTs and 353 patients were included in the quantitative synthesis. Surgery and RS represented the main intervention arms in all the included RCTs. Conclusions: A low level of evidence suggests that RS alone and surgery followed by WBRT provide an equal rate of local brain PFS in patients with localized metastatic brain disease. There is a very low level of evidence that surgery and RS as main interventions offer equivalent OS in the population investigated. A reliable assessment of the complication rates among surgery and RS was not achievable. The lack of high-certainty evidence either for superiority or equivalence of these treatments emphasizes the need for further, more accurate, RCTs comparing surgery and RS as local treatment in patients with oligometastatic brain disease.

Published
2023
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40. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study

Author

Glasbey, James, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Adisa, Adewale, AlAmeer, Ehab, Arnaud, Alexis P, Ayasra, Faris, Azevedo, José, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Edwards, John, Elhadi, Muhammed, Fiore, Marco, Fotopoulou, Christina, Gallo, Gaetano, Ghosh, Dhruva, Griffiths, Ewen A, Harrison, Ewen, Hutchinson, Peter, Lawani, Ismail, Lawday, Samuel, Lederhuber, Hans, Leventoglu, Sezai, Li, Elizabeth, Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde, Mann, Harvinder, Marson, Ella J, Martin, Janet, Mazingi, Dennis, McLean, Kenneth, Modolo, Maria, Moore, Rachel, Morton, Dion, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Pata, Francesco, Picciochi, Maria, Pockney, Peter, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Roberts, Keith, Roslani, April Camilla, Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Rajkumar, Shaw, Richard, Simões, Joana Filipa Ferreira, Smart, Neil, Stewart, Grant D, Sullivan, Richard, Sundar, Sudha, Tabiri, Stephen, Taylor, Elliott H, Vidya, Raghavan, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Bhangu, Aneel, Glasbey, James C, Bhangu, Aneel A, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Benson, Ruth A, Bywater, Edward, Chaudhry, Daoud, Dawson, Brett E, Evans, Jonathan P, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Heritage, Emily, Jones, Conor S, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Khatri, Chetan, Khaw, Rachel A, Keatley, James M, Knight, Andrew, Mann, Harvinder S, McLean, Kenneth A, Mckay, Siobhan C, Mills, Emily C, Pellino, Gianluca, Tiwari, Abhinav, Simoes, Joana FF, Trout, Isobel M, Venn, Mary L, Wilkin, Richard JW, Smart, Neil J, Moug, Susan, Di Saverio, Salomone, Vallance, Abigail, Vimalchandran, Dale, Evans, Richard PT, Townend, Philip, McKay, Siobhan, Isaac, John, Satoi, Sohei, Coonar, Aman S, Marchbank, Adrian, Caruana, Edward J, Layton, Georgia R, Patel, Akshay, Brunelli, Alessandro, Ford, Samuel, Desai, Anant, Gronchi, Alessandro, Almond, Max, Tirotta, Fabio, Dumitra, Sinziana, Kolias, Angelos, Price, Stephen J, Fountain, Daniel M, Jenkinson, Michael D, Marcus, Hani J, Piper, Rory J, Lippa, Laura, Servadei, Franco, Esene, Ignatius, Freyschlag, Christian, Neville, Iuri, Rosseau, Gail, Schaller, Karl, Demetriades, Andreas K, Robertson, Faith, Alamri, Alex, Schache, Andrew G, Winter, Stuart C, Ho, Michael, Nankivell, Paul, Rey Biel, Juan, Batstone, Martin, Ganly, Ian, Wilkins, Alex, Singh, Jagdeep K, Thekinkattil, Dinesh, Leung, Elaine YL, Khan, Tabassum, Chiva, Luis, Sehouli, Jalid, Fagotti, Anna, Cohen, Paul, Gutelkin, Murat, Ghebre, Rahel, Konney, Thomas, Pareja, Rene, Bristow, Rob, Dowdy, Sean, Shylasree, TS, Ng, Joe, Fujiwara, Keiichi, Lamb, Benjamin, Narahari, Krishna, McNeill, Alan, Colquhoun, Alexandra, McGrath, John S, Bromage, Steve, Barod, Ravi, Kasivisvanathan, Veeru, Klatte, Tobias, Abbott, Tom EF, Abukhalaf, Sadi, Adamina, Michel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Agarwal, Arnav, Akkulak, Murat, Alameer, Ehab, Alderson, Derek, Alakaloko, Felix, Albertsmeier, Markus, Alser, Osaid, Alshaar, Muhammad, Alshryda, Sattar, Augestad, Knut Magne, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Barlow, Emma, Beard, David, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Brar, Amanpreet, Breen, Kerry A, Bretherton, Chris, Buarque, Igor Lima, Burke, Joshua, Chaar, Mohammad, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Christensen, Peter, Cox, Daniel, Cukier, Moises, Cunha, Miguel F, Davidson, Giana H, Drake, Thomas M, Edwards, John G, Emile, Sameh, Farik, Shebani, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Garmanova, Tatiana, Grecinos, Gustavo, Gruendl, Magdalena, Halkias, Constantine, Harrison, Ewen M, Hisham, Intisar, Hutchinson, Peter J, Hwang, Shelley, Isik, Arda, Jonker, Pascal, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Keller, Debby, Kruijff, Schelto, Litvin, Andrey, Loehrer, Andrew, Löffler, Markus W, Lorena, Maria Aguilera, Modolo, Maria Marta, Major, Piotr, Mashbari, Hassan N, Metallidis, Symeon, Mohan, Helen M, Moszkowicz, David, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Maimbo, Mayaba, Negoi, Ionut, Niquen, Milagros, Olivos, Maricarmen, Oussama, Kacimi, Outani, Oumaima, Parreno-Sacdalanm, Marie Dione, Rivera, Carlos Jose Perez, Pinkney, Thomas D, van der Plas, Willemijn, Qureshi, Ahmad, Radenkovic, Dejan, Richards, Toby, Roslani, April C, Rutegård, Martin, Segura-Sampedro, Juan José, Santos, Irène, Sayyed, Raza, Schache, Andrew, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Seyi-Olajide, Justina O, Sharma, Neil, Shaw, Catherine A, Shu, Sebastian, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Sund, Malin, Tsoulfas, Georgios, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H, Vimalachandran, Dale, Warren, Oliver J, Wedderburn, Duane, Wright, Naomi, EuroSurg, Booth, Lesley, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Barker, Margaret, Barker, Neil, Cooke, Shirley, Doré, Suzanne, Horwood, Nigel, Tierney Weir, Carrie, Dajti, I, Allemand, C, Boccalatte, LA, Figari, M, Lamm, M, Larrañaga, J, Marchitelli, C, Noll, F, Odetto, D, Perrotta, M, Saadi, J, Zamora, L, Ballester, AM, Tapper, KE, Zeff, N, Valenzuela, JI, Alurralde, C, Anastasio, J, Apas Perez de Nucci, A, Caram, EL, Eskinazi, D, Mendoza, JP, Usandivaras, M, Badra, R, Esteban, A, García, JS, García, PM, Gerchunoff, JI, Lucchini, SM, NIgra, MA, Vargas, L, Hovhannisyan, T, Stepanyan, A, Vasey, CE, Watson, EGR, Ip, C, Kealey, J, Lim, CSH, Sengupta, S, Ward, S, Wong, E, Gould, T, Gourlay, R, Griffiths, B, Gananadha, S, McLaren, M, Cecire, J, Joshi, N, Salindera, S, Sutherland, A, Ahn, JH, Charlton, G, Chen, S, Gauri, N, Hayhurst, R, Jang, S, Jia, F, Mulligan, C, Yang, W, Ye, G, Zhang, H, Ballal, M, Gibson, D, Hayne, D, McMillan, H, Moss, J, Pugliese, MJ, Richards, T, Seow, YTN, Thian, A, Viswambaram, P, Vo, UG, Bennetts, J, Bright, T, Brooke-Smith, M, Fong, R, Gricks, B, Huang, L, Lam, YH, Nathan, A, Ong, BS, Ooi, E, Szpytma, M, Watson, D, Bagraith, K, Caird, S, Chan, E, Dawson, C, Ho, D, Hui, N, Izwan, S, Jeyarajan, E, Jordan, S, Liang, R, Lim, A, Nolan, GJ, Oar, A, Parker, D, Puhalla, H, Quennell, A, Rutherford, L, Sommerville, C, Townend, P, Von Papen, M, Wullschleger, M, Dawson, AC, Drane, A, Blatt, A, Cope, D, Egoroff, N, Fenton, M, Gani, J, Lott, N, Pockney, P, Shugg, N, Elliott, M, Phung, D, Phan, D, Townend, D, Bong, C, Gundara, J, Frankel, A, Bowman, S, Guerra, GR, Gerns, N, McGeorge, S, Riddell, A, Roberts, M, Rukin, N, Bolt, J, Buddingh, K, Dudi-Venkata, NN, Jog, S, Kroon, HM, Sammour, T, Smith, R, Stranz, C, Batstone, M, Lah, K, McGahan, W, Mitchell, D, Morton, A, Pearce, A, Sheahan, G, Swinson, B, Waldron, A, Walker, P, Alam, N, Banting, S, Chong, L, Choong, P, Clatworthy, S, Foley, D, Fox, A, Hii, MW, Knowles, B, Mack, J, Read, M, Rowcroft, A, Wright, G, Lun, EWY, Lanner, M, Burtscher, J, Trivik-Barrientos, F, Königsrainer, I, Bauer, M, Freyschlag, C, Kafka, M, Messner, F, Öfner, D, Tsibulak, I, Holawe, S, Zimmermann, M, Emmanuel, K, Grechenig, M, Gruber, R, Harald, M, Öhlberger, L, Presl, J, Wimmer, A, Namazov, I, Samadov, E, Barker, D, Boyce, R, Corbin, S, Doyle, A, Eastmond, A, Gill, R, Haynes, A, Millar, S, O'Shea, M, Padmore, G, Paquette, N, Phillips, E, St. John, S, Walkes, K, Abeloos, J, De Backer, T, De Ceulaer, J, Dick, C, Diez-Fraile, A, Lamoral, P, Spaas, C, Ceelen, W, Pattyn, P, Van de putte, D, Van Nieuwenhove, Y, Van Ramshorst, G, Willaert, W, Bazzett-Matabele, L, Chiyapo, SP, Ramogola-Masire, D, Ramontshonyana, G, Seiphetlheng, A, Vuylsteke, P, Abdallah, EA, Aguiar Júnior, S, Baiocchi, G, Carvalho, GB, Coimbra, FJF, Kowalski, LP, Makdissi, F, Marques, N, Marques, T, Soares Dos Santos, S, Tirapelli Gonçalves, B, Vartanian, JG, Dos Reis, R, Camara, P, De Lima, RK, Della Giustina, E, Hoffmann, PV, Gatti, A, Nardi, C, Oliva, R, Nacif, L, Carvalho Ferro, C, Gomes Mendonça Ataíde, G, Lima Buarque, I, Lira dos Santos Leite, A, Pol-Fachin, L, Santos Bezerra, T, Maylson Ramos da Silva, A, Windson de Araújo Silvestre, D, Vieira Barros, A, Campbell, L, De Cicco, R, Cecconello, I, Gregorio, P, Pontual Lima, L, Ribeiro Junior, U, Takeda, FR, Terra, RM, Faccini Teixeira, M, Kulcsar, MAV, Matos, LL, Nunes, KS, Laporte, G, Salem, M, Barakat Awada, J, Ijichi, TR, Kim, NJ, Marreiro, A, Muller, B, Nunes, R, Bodanese, B, Eidt, ER, Isoton, JC, Lemos Vieira da Cunha, M, Regina de Sampaio, L, Vendrame, C, Zeni, M, Zortéa, JA, Zortéa, MR, Sokolov, M, Kidane, B, Srinathan, S, Munro, A, Helyer, L, McKeen, D, Boutros, M, Caminsky, NG, Ghitulescu, G, Jamjoum, G, Moon, J, Pelletier, J, Vanounou, T, Wong, S, Cheng, D, MacNeil, SD, Martin, J, Dumitra, S, Kouyoumdjian, A, Schmid, S, Spicer, J, Agarwal, A, Brar, A, Dada, J, Dare, A, Hameed, U, Osman, F, Johnston, B, Russell, C, Groot, G, Persad, A, Pham, H, Wood, M, Ko, M, Rajendran, L, Demyttenaere, S, Garfinkle, R, Brown, C, Karimuddin, A, Lee, N, Liu, J, Madani Kia, T, Phang, PT, Raval, M, Tom, K, Abou-Khalil, J, Martel, A, Nessim, C, Stevenson, J, Al Riyami, S, Bali, K, Bigam, D, Dajani, K, Dell, A, Modolo, MM, Ramirez Nieto, P, Sepulveda, R, Molero, A, Bolbaran, A, Ruiz, I, Heredia, F, Bellolio, F, Besser, N, Grasset, E, Guaman, JO, Inzunza, M, Irarrázaval, MJ, Jarry, C, Quintana Martinic, M, Riquoir Altamirano, C, Romero Manqui, CA, Ruiz Esquide, M, Vargas Añazco, C, Almeciga, A, Fletcher, A, Merchan, A, Quijano, T, Sanabria, D, Arias-Amézquita, F, Cétares, C, Cortes Murgueitio, N, Gomez-Mayorga, JL, Herrera-Almario, G, Rodriguez, J, Iglesias, P, Puentes, LO, Calvache, JA, Orozco-Chamorro, CM, Rojas, DA, Sánchez-Gómez, A, Abadia, M, Acosta, J, Angel Aristizabal, J, Bonilla, A, Caicedo, L, Calderon Quiroz, PH, Cervera Bonilla, S, Diaz, S, Facundo, H, Garcia Mora, M, Guevara, O, Guzman, L, Herrera Mora, DR, Jimenez Ramirez, LJ, Lehmann, C, Manrique, E, Mariño, I, Medina, M, Pinilla Morales, RE, Puerto, A, Puerto Horta, J, Quintero, M, Rey Ferro, M, Saénz, A, Santana, D, Serrano, W, Suescun, O, Trujillo Sanchez, LM, Velasquez Cuasquen, BG, Mendoza Quevedo, J, Bacic, G, Karlovic, D, Kršul, D, Zelic, M, Luksic, I, Mamic, M, Bacic, I, Bakmaz, B, Coza, I, Dijan, E, Katusic, Z, Mihanovic, J, Morovic, D, Rakvin, I, Almezghwi, H, Arslan, K, Besim, H, Özant, A, Özçay, N, Frantzeskou, K, Gouvas, N, Kokkinos, G, Papatheodorou, P, Pozotou, I, Stavrinidou, O, Yiallourou, A, Martinek, L, Skrovina, M, Straka, M, Szubota, I, Peteja, M, Žatecký, J, Javurkova, V, Klat, J, Antony, S, Avlund, T, Berg, KD, Borre, M, Christensen, P, Elkjær, MC, Ernst, 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Brett-Miller, C, Buruiana, FE, Al-mukhtar, A, Edwards, J, Giblin, A, Kelty, C, Lee, M, Lye, G, Newman, T, Sharkey, A, Steele, C, Sureshkumar Shah, N, Whitehall, E, Blair, J, Lakhiani, A, Parry-Smith, W, Sahu, B, Athwal, R, Baker, A, Jones, L, Konstantinou, C, Ramcharan, S, Vatish, J, Wilkin, R, Alzetani, A, Amer, K, Badran, A, Colvin, HV, Ethunandan, M, Sekhon, GK, Shakoor, Z, Shields, H, Singh, R, Talbot, T, Wensley, F, Lawday, S, Lyons, A, Newman, S, Chung, E, Hagger, R, Hainsworth, A, Hunt, I, Karim, A, Owen, H, Ramwell, A, Santhirakumaran, G, Smelt, J, Tan, C, Vaughan, P, Williams, K, Baker, C, Davies, A, Gossage, J, Kelly, M, Knight, W, Bromage, S, Hall, J, Kaushik, V, Rudic, M, Vallabh, N, Zhang, Y, Harris, G, James, G, Kang, C, Lin, DJ, Rajgor, AD, Royle, T, Scurrah, R, Steel, B, Watson, LJ, Choi, D, Hutchison, R, Luoma, V, Marcus, HJ, May, R, Menon, A, Pramodana, B, Webber, L, Hayes, A, Jones, R, Sivarajah, G, Smith, M, Smrke, A, Strauss, D, Abouelela, FAM, Aneke, IA, Asaad, P, Brown, B, Collis, J, Duff, S, Khan, A, Moura, F, Taylor, M, Wadham, B, Warburton, H, Elmoslemany, T, Jenkinson, MD, Millward, CP, Zakaria, R, Mccluney, S, Parmar, C, Shah, S, Allison, J, Babar, MS, Bowen, J, Collard, B, Goodrum, S, Lau, K, Sargent, M, Scott, R, Thomas, E, Whitmore, H, Balasubramaniam, D, Jayasankar, B, Kapoor, S, Ramachandran, A, Semple, C, Elhamshary, A, Imam, SMB, Kapriniotis, K, Kasivisvanathan, V, Lindsay, J, Rakhshani-Moghadam, S, Beech, N, Chand, M, Green, L, Kalavrezos, N, Kiconco, H, McEwen, R, Schilling, C, Sinha, D, Pereca, J, Chopra, S, Egbeare, D, Thomas, R, Arumugam, S, Ibrahim, B, Khan, K, Combellack, T, Hill, G, Jones, S, Kornaszewska, M, Mohammed, M, Tahhan, G, Valtzoglou, V, Blencowe, N, Eskander, P, Gash, K, Gourbault, L, Hanna, M, Maccabe, TA, Main, B, Olivier, J, Newton, C, Roswadowski, S, Ryan, N, Teh, E, West, D, Al-omishy, H, Baig, M, Bates, H, Di Taranto, G, Dickson, K, Dunne, N, Gill, C, Howe, D, Jeevan, D, Khajuria, A, Martin-Ucar, A, McEvoy, K, Naredla, P, Robertson, S, Sait, M, Sarma, DR, Shanbhag, S, Shortland, T, Simmonds, S, Skillman, J, Tewari, N, Walton, G, Akhtar, MA, Brunt, A, McIntyre, J, Milne, K, Rashid, MM, Sgrò, A, Stewart, KE, Turnbull, A, Abou-Foul, AK, Gossedge, G, O'Donnell, S, Oldfield, F, Thomson, S, Aguilar Gonzalez, M, Talukder, S, Boyle, C, Fernando, D, Gallagher, K, Laird, A, Tham, D, Bath, M, Basnyat, P, Davis, H, Montauban, P, Shrestha, A, Agarwal, K, Arif, T, Magee, C, Nambirajan, T, Powell, S, Vinayagam, R, Flindall, I, Hanson, A, Mahendran, V, Green, S, Lim, M, MacDonald, L, Miu, V, Onos, L, Sheridan, K, Young, R, Alam, F, Griffiths, O, Houlden, C, Kolli, VS, Lala, AK, Leeson, S, Peevor, R, Seymour, Z, Consorti, E, Gonzalez, R, Grolman, R, Kwan-Feinberg, R, Liu, T, Merzlikin, O, Brown, A, Cooper, Z, Hirji, S, Jolissaint, J, Mahvi, D, Okafor, B, Raut, CP, Roxo, V, Salim, A, Bessen, S, Chen, L, Dagrosa, L, Fay, K, Fleischer, C, Hasson, R, Henderson, E, Leech, M, Loehrer, A, Markey, C, Paydarfar, J, Rosenkranz, K, Telma, K, Tocci, N, Wilkinson-Ryan, I, Bokenkamp, M, Brown, K, Fleming, D, Heron, C, Hill, C, Kay, H, Leede, E, McElhinney, K, Olson, KA, Osterberg, EC, Riley, C, Srikanth, P, Barbour, J, Blazer, D, DiLalla, GA, Fayanju, O, Hwang, ES, Kahmke, R, Kazaure, H, Lazarides, A, Lee, W, Lidsky, M, Menendez, C, Moris, D, Plichta, J, Pradhan, MC, Puscas, L, Rice, HE, Rocke, D, Rosenberger, L, Scheri, R, Smith, BD, Stang, MT, Tolnitch, L, Turnage, K, Visgauss, J, Walton, FS, Watts, T, Zani, S, Farma, J, Cardona, K, Russell, MC, Clark, J, Kwon, D, Goel, N, Kronenfeld, J, Bigelow, B, Etchill, E, Gabre-Kidan, A, Jenny, H, Kent, A, Ladd, MR, Long, C, Malapati, H, Margalit, A, Rapaport, S, Rose, J, Stevens, K, Tsai, L, Vervoort, D, Yesantharao, P, Dehal, A, Klaristenfeld, D, Huynh, K, Kaafarani, H, Naar, L, Qadan, M, Brown, L, Ganly, I, Mullinax, JE, Alpert, N, Gillezeau, C, Miles, DDS, Taioli, E, Cha, DE, Gleeson, E, Horn, C, Sarpel, U, Gusani, N, Hazelton, J, Maines, J, Oh, JS, Ssentongo, A, Ssentongo, P, Bhama, A, Colling, K, Najarian, M, Azam, M, Choudhry, A, Marx, W, Abedin, Y, Arzumanov, G, Chokshi, R, Gabrilovich, S, Glass, N, Kalyoussef, E, Parvin-Nejad, FP, Roden, D, Stein, J, Suarez-Ligon, A, Tsui, G, Zhao, K, Fleming, J, Fuson, A, Gigliotti, J, Ovaitt, A, Ying, Y, Abel, MK, Andaya, V, Bigay, K, Boeck, MA, Chern, H, Corvera, C, El-Sayed, I, Glencer, A, Ha, P, Hamilton, BCS, Heaton, C, Hirose, K, Jablons, DM, Kirkwood, KS, Kornblith, LZ, Kratz, JR, Lee, RH, Miller, PN, Nakakura, EK, Nunez-Garcia, B, O'Donnell, RJ, Ozgediz, D, Park, P, Robinson, B, Sarin, A, Sheu, B, Varma, MG, Wai, KC, Wustrack, R, Xu, MJ, Zimel, M, Beswick, D, Goddard, J, Manor, J, Song, J, Cioci, A, Pavlis, W, Rakoczy, K, Ruiz, G, Saberi, R, Fullmer, T, Gaskill, C, Gross, N, Kiong, K, Roland, CL, Zafar, SN, Abdallah, M, Abouassi, A, Aigbivbalu, E, Eid, J, George, B, Kulkarni, G, Marwan, H, Mehdi, M, San Andrés, M, Sundaresan, J, Aoun, SG, Ban, VS, Batjer, HH, Bosler, K, Caruso, J, Sumer, B, Abbott, D, Acher, A, Aiken, T, Barrett, J, Foley, E, Schwartz, PB, Hawkins, AT, Maiga, A, Ruzgar, NM, Sion, M, Ullrich, S, Laufer, J, Scasso, S, Al-Naggar, H, Al-Shehari, M, Almassaudi, A, Alsayadi, M, Alsayadi, R, Nahshal, M, Shream, S, AL-Ameri, S, and Aldawbali, M

Published
2021
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41. Impact of temporal variability of radon concentration in workplaces on the actual radon exposure during working hours

Author

G. Venoso, A. Iacoponi, G. Pratesi, M. Guazzini, L. Boccini, E. Corbani, S. Bucci, F. Leonardi, R. Trevisi, M. Ampollini, S. Antignani, M. Caprio, C. Carpentieri, C. Di Carlo, and F. Bochicchio

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract For workplaces where significant diurnal variations in radon concentrations are likely, measurements to evaluate average radon concentration during working hours could be useful for planning an optimized protection of workers according to the 2013/59/Euratom Directive. However, very few studies on this subject, generally limited to periods of few weeks, have been published. Therefore, a study has been conducted to evaluate the actual long-term radon exposure during working hours for a sample of 33 workplaces of four different types (postal offices, shops, restaurants, municipal offices), mainly located at the ground floor, and with expected considerable air exchange rate occurring during working hours due to frequent entrance/exit of persons or mechanical ventilation. The results show that the difference between the average radon level during working hours and that one during the whole day is about 20% on average and ranges from 0 to 50%. These observed differences, generally smaller compared with those found in other similar studies, are nearly the same if the analysis is restricted to workplaces with annual radon level higher than 300 Bq m–3, and therefore natural or mechanical ventilation normally present during working hours of the monitored workplaces cannot be considered an effective mitigation measure. However, the costs and time-response characteristics of the active monitors, as those used for the present study, will probably allow using more frequently a similar measurement strategy in workplaces.

Published
2021
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42. Spatial and temporal scales of variability for indoor air constituents

Author

Pascale S. J. Lakey, Youngbo Won, David Shaw, Freja F. Østerstrøm, James Mattila, Emily Reidy, Brandon Bottorff, Colleen Rosales, Chen Wang, Laura Ampollini, Shan Zhou, Atila Novoselac, Tara F. Kahan, Peter F. DeCarlo, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Philip S. Stevens, Delphine K. Farmer, Nicola Carslaw, Donghyun Rim, and Manabu Shiraiwa

Subjects
Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Concentration of air pollutants has generally been considered uniform in indoor environments. Here, the authors show that chlorinated cleaning products generate concentration gradients of pollutants due to photochemical reactions in sunlit areas, requiring a finer assessment of human exposure to these contaminants.

Published
2021
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45. Post-operative outcomes and quality of life assessment after thoracoscopic lobectomy for Non-small-cell lung cancer in octogenarians: Analysis from a national database

Author

Alloisio, Marco, Amore, Dario, Ampollini, Luca, Andreetti, Claudio, Argnani, Desideria, Baietto, Guido, Bandiera, Alessandro, Benato, Cristiano, Benvenuti, Mauro Roberto, Bertani, Alessandro, Bertolaccini, Luca, Bortolotti, Luigi, Bottoni, Edoardo, Breda, Cristiano, Camplese, Pierpaolo, Carbognani, Paolo, Cardillo, Giuseppe, Casadio, Caterina, Cavallesco, Giorgio, Cherchi, Roberto, Crisci, Roberto, Curcio, Carlo, Dell’Amore, Andrea, Della Beffa, Vittorio, Dolci, Giampiero, Droghetti, Andrea, Ferrari, Paolo A., Fontana, Diego, Gargiulo, Gaetano, Gasparri, Roberto, Gavezzoli, Diego, Ghisalberti, Marco, Giovanardi, Michele, Gonfiotti, Alessandro, Guerrera, Francesco, Imperatori, Andrea, Infante, Maurizio, Iurilli, Luciano, Lausi, Paolo, Lo Giudice, Fabio, Londero, Francesco, Luzzi, Luca, Lopez, Camillo, Mancuso, Maurizio, Maniscalco, Pio, Margaritora, Stefano, Meacci, Elisa, Melloni, Giulio, Morelli, Angelo, Mucilli, Felice, Natali, Pamela, Negri, Giampiero, Nicotra, Samuele, Nosotti, Mario, Pariscenti, Gianluca, Perkmann, Reinhold, Pernazza, Fausto, Pirondini, Emanuele, Poggi, Camilla, Puma, Francesco, Refai, Majed, Rinaldo, Alessandro, Rizzardi, Giovanna, Rosso, Lorenzo, Rotolo, Nicola, Russo, Emanuele, Sabbatini, Armando, Scarci, Marco, Spaggiari, Lorenzo, Stefani, Alessandro, Solli, Piergiorgio, Surrente, Corrado, Terzi, Alberto, Torre, Massimo, Vinci, Damiano, Viti, Andrea, Voltolini, Luca, Zaccagna, Gino, Zaraca, Francesco, Bongiolatti, Stefano, and Borgianni, Sara

Published
2021
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46. Bragg Curve Detection of Low-Energy Protons by Radiophotoluminescence Imaging in Lithium Fluoride Thin Films

Author

Rosa Maria Montereali, Valentina Nigro, Massimo Piccinini, Maria Aurora Vincenti, Alessandro Ampollini, Paolo Nenzi, Concetta Ronsivalle, and Enrico Nichelatti

Subjects
lithium fluoride, color centers, thin films, Bragg curve, Bragg peak, radiophotoluminescence, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals and thin films are utilized as radiation detectors for energy diagnostics of proton beams. This is achieved by analyzing the Bragg curves in LiF obtained by imaging the radiophotoluminescence of color centers created by protons. In LiF crystals, the Bragg peak depth increases superlinearly with the particle energy. A previous study has shown that, when 35 MeV protons impinge at grazing incidence onto LiF films deposited on Si(100) substrates, the Bragg peak in the films is located at the depth where it would be found in Si rather than in LiF due to multiple Coulomb scattering. In this paper, Monte Carlo simulations of proton irradiations in the 1–8 MeV energy range are performed and compared to experimental Bragg curves in optically transparent LiF films on Si(100) substrates. Our study focuses on this energy range because, as energy increases, the Bragg peak gradually shifts from the depth in LiF to that in Si. The impact of grazing incidence angle, LiF packing density, and film thickness on shaping the Bragg curve in the film is examined. At energies higher than 8 MeV, all these quantities must be considered, although the effect of packing density plays a minor role.

Published
2023
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47. In Vivo Radiobiological Investigations with the TOP-IMPLART Proton Beam on a Medulloblastoma Mouse Model

Author

Daniela Giovannini, Cinzia De Angelis, Maria Denise Astorino, Emiliano Fratini, Evaristo Cisbani, Giulia Bazzano, Alessandro Ampollini, Massimo Piccinini, Enrico Nichelatti, Emiliano Trinca, Paolo Nenzi, Mariateresa Mancuso, Luigi Picardi, Carmela Marino, Concetta Ronsivalle, and Simonetta Pazzaglia

Subjects
proton therapy, linac, dosimetry, small-field irradiation, preclinical mouse models, medulloblastoma, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Protons are now increasingly used to treat pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) patients. We designed and characterized a setup to deliver proton beams for in vivo radiobiology experiments at a TOP-IMPLART facility, a prototype of a proton-therapy linear accelerator developed at the ENEA Frascati Research Center, with the goal of assessing the feasibility of TOP-IMPLART for small animal proton therapy research. Mice bearing Sonic-Hedgehog (Shh)-dependent MB in the flank were irradiated with protons to test whether irradiation could be restricted to a specific depth in the tumor tissue and to compare apoptosis induced by the same dose of protons or photons. In addition, the brains of neonatal mice at postnatal day 5 (P5), representing a very small target, were irradiated with 6 Gy of protons with two different collimated Spread-Out Bragg Peaks (SOBPs). Apoptosis was visualized by immunohistochemistry for the apoptotic marker caspase-3-activated, and quantified by Western blot. Our findings proved that protons could be delivered to the upper part while sparing the deepest part of MB. In addition, a comparison of the effectiveness of protons and photons revealed a very similar increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Finally, by using a very small target, the brain of P5-neonatal mice, we demonstrated that the proton irradiation field reached the desired depth in brain tissue. Using the TOP-IMPLART accelerator we established setup and procedures for proton irradiation, suitable for translational preclinical studies. This is the first example of in vivo experiments performed with a “full-linac” proton-therapy accelerator.

Published
2023
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48. Prevention of Post-Operative Pain after Elective Brain Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Author

Giorgio Fiore, Edoardo Porto, Mauro Pluderi, Antonella Maria Ampollini, Stefano Borsa, Federico Giuseppe Legnani, Davide Giampiccolo, Anna Miserocchi, Giulio Andrea Bertani, Francesco DiMeco, and Marco Locatelli

Subjects
pain, craniotomy, acute pain, brain surgery, post-operative pain, treatment, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background and Objective: To analyze the effects of several drug for pain prevention in adults undergoing craniotomy for elective brain surgery. Material and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The inclusion criteria were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for preventing post-operative pain in adults (aged 18 years or older) undergoing craniotomies. The main outcome measures were represented by the mean differences in validated pain intensity scales administered at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h post-operatively. The pooled estimates were calculated using random forest models. The risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB2 revised tool, and the certainty of evidence was assessed according to the GRADE guidelines. Results: In total, 3359 records were identified through databases and registers’ searching. After study selection, 29 studies and 2376 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The overall risk of bias was low in 78.5% of the studies included. The pooled estimates of the following drug classes were provided: NSAIDs, acetaminophen, local anesthetics and steroids for scalp infiltration and scalp block, gabapentinoids and agonists of adrenal receptors. Conclusions: High-certainty evidence suggests that NSAIDs and acetaminophen may have a moderate effect on reducing post-craniotomy pain 24 h after surgery compared to control and that ropivacaine scalp block may have a bigger impact on reducing post-craniotomy pain 6 h after surgery compared to control. Moderate-certainty evidence indicates that NSAIDs may have a more remarkable effect on reducing post-craniotomy pain 12 h after surgery compared to control. No moderate-to-high-certainty evidence indicates effective treatments for post-craniotomy pain prevention 48 h after surgery.

Published
2023
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50. Predicting a Prolonged Air Leak After Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery, Is It Really Possible?

Author

Mancuso, M., Pernazza, F., Refai, M., Srella, F., Argnani, D., Marulli, G., De Palma, A., Bortolotti, L., Rizzardi, G., Solli, P.G., Dolci, G.P., Perkmann, R., Zaraca, F., Benvenuti, M., Gavezzoli, D., Cherchi, R., Ferrari, P., Mucilli, F., Camplese, P., Melloni, G., Mazza, F., Cavallesco, G., Maniscalco, P., Voltolini, L., Gonfiotti, A., Sollitto, F., Ardò, N., Pariscenti, G.L., Risso, C., Surrente, C., Lopez, C., Droghetti, A., Giovanardi, M., Breda, C., Giudice, Lo F., Alloisio, M., Bottoni, E., Spaggiari, L., Gasparri, R., Torre, M., Rinaldo, A., Nosotti, M., Tosi, D., Negri, G.P., Bandiera, A., Baisi, A., Raveglia, F., Stefani, A., Natali, P., Scarci, M., Pirondini, E., Curcio, C., Amore, D., Rena, O., Nicotra, S., Dell’ Amore, A., Bertani, A., Tancredi, G., Ampollini, L., Carbognani, P., Puma, F., Vinci, D., Cardillo, G., Carleo, F., Margaritora, S., Meacci, E., Luzzi, L., Ghisalberti, M., Crisci, R., Divisi, D., Lausi, P., Guerrera, F., Fontana, D., Beffa, V. Della, Morelli, A., Londero, F., Imperatori, A., Rotolo, N., Terzi, A., Viti, A., Infante, M., Benato, C., Zaraca, Francesco, Pipitone, Marco, Feil, Birgit, Perkmann, Reinhold, Bertolaccini, Luca, Curcio, Carlo, and Crisci, Roberto

Published
2021
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