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Abstract Tobacco smoke exposure has been demonstrated to impede bone remodeling and diminish bone density, yet research regarding its correlation with parathyroid hormone (PTH) remains limited. This study aims to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and serum PTH levels in adults aged 20 years and older. This study included 7,641 participants from two cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, United States, 2003- 2006). Reflect tobacco smoke exposure through serum cotinine levels, and use an adjusted weighted multivariate linear regression model to test the independent linear relationship between serum cotinine and PTH. Stratified analysis was conducted to validate the sensitivity of the conclusions. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were performed to assess the non-linear relationship. After comprehensive adjustment using weighted multivariate regression analysis, a negative correlation was found between serum cotinine and PTH levels. The interaction p-values in subgroup analyses were all greater than 0.05. Moreover, smooth curve fitting indicated a non-linear relationship between serum cotinine and PTH, with a turning point observed. Our research indicates that tobacco smoke exposure is negatively correlated and independent of serum parathyroid hormone levels, indicating that long-term tobacco smoke exposure may lead to parathyroid dysfunction in adults.

Based on the organic geochemical data and the molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the western Central Depression of Junggar Basin, combined with sedimentary environment analysis and hydrocarbon-generating simulation, the gas-generating potential of the Fengcheng source rock is evaluated, the distribution of large-scale effective source kitchen is described, the genetic types of natural gas are clarified, and four types of favorable exploration targets are selected. The results show that: (1) The Fengcheng Formation is a set of oil-prone source rocks, and the retained liquid hydrocarbon is conducive to late cracking into gas, with characteristics of high gas-generating potential and late accumulation; (2) The maximum thickness of Fengcheng source rock reaches 900 m. The source rock has entered the main gas-generating stage in Penyijingxi and Shawan sags, and the area with gas-generating intensity greater than 20×108 m3/km2 is approximately 6 500 km2. (3) Around the western Central Depression, highly mature oil-type gas with light carbon isotope composition was identified to be derived from the Fengcheng source rocks mainly, while the rest was coal-derived gas from the Carboniferous source rock; (4) Four types of favorable exploration targets with exploration potential were developed in the western Central Depression which are structural traps neighboring to the source, stratigraphic traps neighboring to the source, shale-gas type within the source, and structural traps within the source. Great attention should be paid to these targets.

Abstract Background Sepsis not only causes inflammation, but also damages the heart and increases the risk of death. The glycolytic pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced cardiac injury. This study aims to investigate the value of bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM), an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway, in evaluating cardiac injury in septic patients and predicting poor prognosis in sepsis. Methods This prospective study included 85 patients with sepsis. Serum BPGM was measured at the time of enrollment, and the patients were divided into a BPGM-positive group (n = 35) and a BPGM-negative group (n = 50) according to their serum BPGM levels. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters, and clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare the 28-day survival rate between BPGM-negative and BPGM-positive patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in septic patients. The predictive value of serum BPGM for sepsis-induced myocardial injury and poor prognosis in sepsis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve analysis. Result The serum level of BPGM was significantly higher in patients who died within 28 days compared to survivors (p

Inter-provincial carbon compensation is an important means for a country to realize regional environmental protection and achieve coordinated regional development and realize the carbon neutral goal. It is easier to realize inter-provincial carbon compensation compared with the national level. Based on the multi-regional input-output model and the input–output data of 30 provinces in China, this study measured the carbon transfer in, carbon transfer out and net carbon transfer of each province, and based on the undesirable slacks-based measurement model under the common frontier, the provinces were given the shadow price of carbon emission in line with the situation of the local economic development, resource endowment, and industrial structure, and based on which, the amount of carbon compensation of each province was measured. The results show that: China's provinces and regions have a larger share of trade-implied carbon emissions; the net carbon transfer in areas mainly concentrated in the traditional energy provinces, which provide industrial products for other regions and undertake the transfer of carbon emissions, and become the main carbon compensation recipient areas; the net carbon transfer out is mainly concentrated in the economically developed and densely populated areas such as Beijing–Tianjin region and the eastern and southern coasts, which satisfy the end-consumption by purchasing a large number of industrial products and generate a large amount of carbon emissions. Transfer out; becoming the main carbon offset payment area. Based on the results of this study, it is proposed to improve the national provincial carbon offset mechanism and implement a differentiated and synergistic carbon emission reduction cooperation approach. The research program of this study can provide a reference for the development of inter-regional carbon offset programs.

This paper introduces a novel method for the three-dimensional characterization of flyers based on microscopic photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) velocity field measurements. By strategically positioning 56 PDV velocity measurement spots within a circle of 0.50 mm diameter at an interval of approximately 58 μm, we achieve spatially resolved measurements of the velocity history of the flyer during its flight within the barrel and subsequent impact on a transparent window. Crucial data, such as displacement history, impact time, and impact pulse duration, can be extracted at each measurement spot. Furthermore, a correlation analysis of these datasets enables the reconstruction of the flyer's three-dimensional morphology, both during its flight inside the barrel and at the critical moment of impact with the window. This method offers a remarkable temporal resolution in the order of nanoseconds and a spatial resolution in the order of micrometers. With the characteristics of high spatial resolution and high experimental efficiency, the microscope PDV technology is poised to become an essential research tool in the study of action mechanisms, design optimization, and determination of initiation criteria for exploding foil initiators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a worldwide technical problem to avoid the waste of food resources caused by storage conditions not meeting the requirements. On this basis, the preparation and application of green and environmentally friendly degradable nanocellulose-based antimicrobial films have received widespread attention. This paper systematically introduces the common preparation methods of nanocellulose-based composite films and the latest progress in their applications in fruit and meat preservation. The mechanism of action of nanocellulose-based composite films in food preservation is described, and their advantages such as high mechanical strength, degradability, and biocompatibility over traditional antimicrobial films are analyzed. Moreover, the application potential of nanocellulose-based films in food preservation is discussed.

Abstract Cancer cachexia is characterized by weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Based on the up-regulation of catabolism and down-regulation of anabolism, here we showed genetic mutation-mediated metabolic reprogramming in the progression of cancer cachexia by screening for metabolites and investigating their direct effect on muscle atrophy. Treatment with 93 μM D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) resulted in reduced myotube width and increased expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutant patients had higher D2HG than non-mutant patients. In the in vivo murine cancer cachexia model, mutant IDH1 in CT26 cancer cells accelerated cachexia progression and worsened overall survival. Transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed a distinct D2HG-induced metabolic imbalance. Treatment with the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib delayed the progression of cancer cachexia in murine GL261 glioma model and CT26 colorectal carcinoma models. These data demonstrate the contribution of IDH1 mutation mediated D2HG accumulation to the progression of cancer cachexia and highlight the individualized treatment of IDH1 mutation associated cancer cachexia.

Based on the geological and geochemical analysis of potential source rocks in different formations and the classification of crude oil types, combined with the hydrocarbon generation thermal simulation experiments, the source, genesis, and distribution of different types of oils in the Mahu large oil province of the Junggar Basin are investigated. Four sets of potential source rocks are developed in the Mahu Sag. Specifically, the source rocks of the Permian Fengcheng Formation have the highest hydrocarbon generation potential and contain mainly Types II and I organic matters, with a high oil generation capacity. In contrast, the source rocks in other formations exhibit lower hydrocarbon generation potential and contain mainly Type III organic matter, with dominant gas generation. Oils in the Mahu Sag can be classified as three types: A, B and C, which display ascending, mountainous and descending C20-C21-C23 tricyclic terpenes abundance patterns in sequence, and gradually increasing relative content of tricyclic terpenes and sterane isomerization parameters, indicating an increasing oil maturity. Different types of oils are distributed spatially in an obviously orderly manner: Type A oil is close to the edge of the sag, Type C oil is concentrated in the center of the sag, and Type B oil lies in the slope area between Type A and Type C. The results of oil-source correlation and thermal simulation experiments show that the three types of oils come from the source rocks of the Fengcheng Formation at different thermal evolution stages. This new understanding of the differential genesis of oils in the Mahu Sag reasonably explains the source, distribution, and genetic mechanism of the three types of oils. The study results are of important guidance for the comprehensive and three-dimensional oil exploration, the identification of oil distribution in the total petroleum system, and the prediction of favorable exploration areas in the Mahu Sag.

This paper is devoted to studying a type of elliptic equation that contains a varying nonlocal term. We provide a detailed analysis of the existence, non-existence, and blow-up behavior of L2-norm solutions for the related equation when the potential function V(x) fulfills an appropriate choice.

Background: The inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has shown potential in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is accompanied by the increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the hippocampus. However, the effect of inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 on PND is not clear. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 on cognitive function in the aged mice after surgery, in order to find a possible target for the prevention and treatment of PND Methods: In this study, 14-month-old C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a PND model by tibial fracture surgery and sevoflurane anesthesia. Three days later, part of the mice were subjected to cognitive assessment and the other was sacrificed for biochemical analysis. We used the Novel object recognition test and Fear conditioning test to evaluate the postoperative cognitive function of mice. The expression of mmp-2 and MMP-9 was detected by western blotting. We also examined the expression of claudin-5 and occludin using Western blotting, and the activation of microglia and astrocytes using immunofluorescence. Results: The results showed that surgery increased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the hippocampus of mice, accompanied by cognitive impairment, decreased expression of claudin-5 and occludin, and increased activation of microglia and astrocytes. However, inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression by SB-3CT reversed these changes. Conclusions: Our study shows that inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 alleviates anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive decline by increasing BBB integrity and inhibiting glial cell activation.

In this paper, we study the constrained minimization problem for an energy functional which is related to a Kirchhoff-type equation. For s=1, there many articles have analyzed the limit behavior of minimizers when η>0 as b→0+ or b>0 as η→0+. When the equation involves a varying non-local term ∫R3|∇u|2dxs, we give a detailed limit behavior analysis of constrained minimizers for any positive sequence {ηk} with ηk→0+. The present paper obtains an interesting result on this topic and enriches the conclusions of previous works.

Beam position measurement system can not only provide the beam position monitoring, but also be used for global orbit correction to reduce beam loss risk and maximize acceptance. The Beam Position Monitors (BPM) are installed along the synchrotron to acquire beam position with the front-end electronics and data acquisition system (DAQ). To realize high precision orbit measurement in the main heavy ion synchrotron and cooling storage ring of heavy-ion research facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSRm), a series of alignment and calibration work has been implemented on the BPM and its DAQ system. This paper analyzed the tests performed in the laboratory as well as with beam based on the developed algorithms and hardware. Several filtering algorithms were designed and implemented on the acquired BPM raw data, then the beam position and resolution were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the position precision was significantly improved from more than 100 μm to about 50 μm by implementing the new designed filtering algorithm. According to the analyzation of the measurement results and upcoming physical requirements, further upgrade scheme for the BPM DAQ system of CSRm based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology was proposed and discussed.

As the largest hydrocarbon-rich sag in the Junggar Basin, the limited research on geochemical characteristics, sedimentary environment and bio-precursors of source rocks in the Fukang Sag has seriously restricted the understanding of the poor proven oil and gas resources in the sag. A combined geological and geochemical analysis on the Lucaogou Formation source rocks in the Fukang Sag was conducted based on the experimental analysis results of the newly drilled source rock samples on the Fudong Slope. The results show that the Lucaogou Formation source rocks in the Fukang Sag generally belong to source rocks of medium to very good quality, with organic matter of type Ⅱ to type Ⅲ, and mainly in the thermal maturity of early mature to mature stage. Biomarker characteristics show that the organic matter of Lucaogou Formation source rocks in the Fukang Sag is a mixture of terrestrial higher plants and aquatic algae and bacteria and maybe some Dunaliella-like green algae, which is generally deposited in the anoxic to oxic, fresh to brackish, intermittent stratified water environment, showing obvious mudstone sedimentary characteristics. The geochemical characteristics of the Lucaogou Formation source rocks in the Fukang Sag vary greatly on the plane, among which, the central and northern subsags show great hydrocarbon generation potential.

The development of microwave absorption materials with good environmental adaptability is a hot topic in the electromagnetic protection field. In this research, Expanded graphite (EG)/ZIF-67 nanocubes-derived (Co@C) composites were successfully fabricated by electrostatic assembly and subsequent heat treatment. The results show that the involvement of an appropriate content of Co@C not only overcomes the problem of single EG impedance mismatch but also introduces additional magnetic loss for the absorber. At the thicknesses of 1.6 mm and 1.5 mm, an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.52 GHz and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −48.4 dB were achieved for the Z2-700 sample with a low filling ratio (20 wt%). The enhancement of EMW-absorption performance is attributed to the optimization of impedance matching and the synergistic action between multiple loss mechanisms. Electrochemical corrosion test showed that graphite nanoflakes of EG enhanced the transfer resistance during corrosion, and the corrosion resistance of pure Co@C was enhanced with the protection of EG. This work provides a reasonable attempt to design and fabricate efficient microwave absorption materials suitable for harsh environments.

Abstract Introduction Sepsis has the characteristics of high incidence, high mortality of ICU patients. Early assessment of disease severity and risk stratification of death in patients with sepsis, and further targeted intervention are very important. The purpose of this study was to develop machine learning models based on sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) components to early predict in-hospital mortality in ICU patients with sepsis and evaluate model performance. Methods Patients admitted to ICU with sepsis diagnosis were extracted from MIMIC-IV database for retrospective analysis, and were randomly divided into training set and test set in accordance with 2:1. Six variables were included in this study, all of which were from the scores of 6 organ systems in SOFA score. The machine learning model was trained in the training set and evaluated in the validation set. Six machine learning methods including linear regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), Logistic regression analysis (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) and support vector machines (SVM) were used to construct the death risk prediction models, and the accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) and K-fold cross-validation were used to evaluate the prediction performance of developed models. Result A total of 23,889 patients with sepsis were enrolled, of whom 3659 died in hospital. Three feature variables including renal system score, central nervous system score and cardio vascular system score were used to establish prediction models. The accuracy of the LR, GNB, SVM were 0.851, 0.844 and 0.862, respectively, which were better than linear regression analysis (0.123) and LASSO (0.130). The AUROCs of LR, GNB and SVM were 0.76, 0.76 and 0.67, respectively. K-fold cross validation showed that the average AUROCs of LR, GNB and SVM were 0.757 ± 0.005, 0.762 ± 0.006, 0.630 ± 0.013, respectively. For the probability threshold of 5–50%, LY and GNB models both showed positive net benefits. Conclusion The two machine learning-based models (LR and GNB models) based on SOFA components can be used to predict in-hospital mortality of septic patients admitted to ICU.