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Fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) is an important ecological parameter reflecting the growth of regional plants. Existing FVC estimation is often based on vegetation indices, especially the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). However, NDVI can be oversaturated and easily affected by problems such as ‘shadow’ in images, which leads to a decrease in the precision of FVC estimation. In this study, the Normalized Shaded Vegetation Index (NSVI) was used to comprehensively compare the estimation ability of FVC with NDVI, and the differences in FVC estimation ability between NSVI and NDVI were explored. Based on two dimensions of ‘bright’ and ‘shadow’ hierarchies and FVC ranks, four evaluation systems of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), index range, statistical model and dimidiate pixel model were selected from Sentinel-2A MSI, Landsat-8 OLI and Resource-1-02D (ZY1-02D) images and covered a variety of topographic landscapes. The results showed that: (1) the ability of NSVI to resist soil background is slightly smaller than NDVI; (2) the range of NSVI and NDVI in hyperspectral images is slightly larger than multispectral images, and the ability of NSVI to detect vegetation information in medium-high-rank and high-rank FVC areas has obvious advantages; (3) in the same kind of regression model, the goodness of fit of NSVI, NDVI and FVC was slightly higher in bright areas than in shaded areas, and the goodness of fit of the five regression models obtained from NSVI showed a significant advantage in bright areas compared with NDVI, with the best fit of the cubic curve model; (4) the estimation accuracy of the dimidiate pixel model based on NSVI and NDVI is slightly higher in bright areas than in shaded areas, and the estimation ability of NSVI is slightly better than that of NDVI in bright areas with medium-high-rank and high-rank FVC. NSVI and NDVI have their own advantages in SNR, index range, statistical model and dimidiate pixel model, so it is suggested that when remote sensing estimation of FVC is carried out, NSVI should be preferred in medium-high-rank and high-rank FVC areas, and NDVI should be preferred in low-rank FVC areas in shaded areas.

AIM: To investigate the behaviors of smartphone usage and parental knowledge of vision health among primary students in the rural areas of China. METHODS: In this school-based, cross-sectional study, a total of 52 606 parents of students from 30 primary schools in the Xingguo County were investigated through an online questionnaire from July 2020 to August 2020. The self-designed questionnaire contained three parts: the demographic factors of both children and parents, parental knowledge and attitude toward myopia, and the preventive treatment of myopia. RESULTS: A total of 52 485 appropriately answered questionnaires were received, showing an effective response rate of 95.1%. The average age of the primary students was 10.1±0.98y and the prevalence of myopia among the primary students was 40.3%. The age of myopia occurrence in elementary students was significantly correlated with the parents' educational level (95%CI: 0.82-0.98, P=0.013), children's gender (95%CI: 1.08-1.20, P

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral remote sensing technology has developed rapidly in recent years, providing a new scheme for intelligent monitoring of forest resources. This study aims to deeply mining the UAV hyperspectral information, and construct the best model for extracting Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest information. Firstly, the spectral information features of Moso bamboo, broadleaf, bare area and shadow were obtained and their spectral anisotropies were analyzed. Secondly, multiple machine learning algorithms were combined with the recursive feature elimination (RFE) to obtain three sets of optimized feature subsets. Eventually, three sets of optimization features were substituted into multiple machine learning algorithms to build nine models of Moso bamboo information extraction, comparing their classification effects and generalization capabilities. The results showed that: (1) The subset of features optimized by different base classifiers in combination with RFE and the ranking results of optimized features’ importance were different, but all the three sets of optimized feature subsets showed relatively obvious feature difference patterns; (2) The nine models based on SVM-RFE, RF-RFE and XGBoost-RFE were all capable of extracting Moso bamboo information, among which, the classification effect of the XGBoost-RFE-XGBoost model was the best and had significant advantages, with the overall classification accuracy OA, Kappa coefficient and R2 of 98.75%, 0.983 and 0.980, respectively, and the classification accuracy for Moso bamboo was 98.34%. Thus, XGBoost was the most applicable algorithm for feature optimization in combination with RFE, and the most effective algorithm with a better generalization ability for extracting Moso bamboo information from UAV hyperspectral images. This study is crucial for Moso bamboo’s large area monitoring and fine identification, providing a technical reference for obtaining information about the spatial and temporal distribution of Moso bamboo resources timely and accurately, facilitating the monitoring and management of them, and giving full play to their ecological and economic benefits.

ObjectiveTo examine the status and influencing factors of medication seeking behaviors among migrant population with chronic diseases for promoting reasonable medication seeking in the population.MethodsThe data on 5 657 migrant people with chronic diseases (aged 18 – 96 years, averagely 51.25 ± 12.02) were extracted from Dynamic Monitoring Survey among Migrant Population conducted in 2017 across China and that on population were from China Health Statistics Yearbook – 2019. Based on Anderson behavioral model for health services utilization, hierarchical model was used to analyze influencing factors of medication seeking behaviors among migrant people with chronic diseases.ResultsOf the patients surveyed, 88.51% reported seeking medication when being ill during previous one year and only 21.12% reported ever seeking medical services in primary medical institutions. The results of multi-level logistic regression analysis revealed following promoting factors for seeking medication during previous one year: ever receiving health education (odds ratio [OR] = 1.396), with their health records being established (OR = 1.273), with medical insurance (OR = 1.447), with a residence no more than 15 minutes away from a nearest medical institution (OR = 1.329), having poor self-rated health (OR = 1.611), and higher proportion of government health expenditure in total health expenditure (OR = 1.048); the results also indicated that ever receiving health education (OR = 1.407), with their health records being established (OR = 1.487), and with a residence no more than 15 minutes away from a nearest medical institution (OR = 1.273) were promoting factors for seeking medical service in primary medical institutions.ConclusionAmong adult migrant people with chronic diseases, both personal factors and the proportion of government health expenditure in total health expenditure are associated with medication seeking behaviors.

BackgroundSolitary cecal ulcer is a rare disease. Its etiology is unknown and there are no pathognomonic symptoms. There are rare reports mimicking carcinoma as seen in this case.Case PresentationA 64 year-old woman presented with a history of intermittent right lower abdominal pain for 20 years and worsening for 1 year. Colonoscopy revealed an enormous cecal ulcer. The PET-CT showed increased metabolism of the lesion. She underwent a right hemicolectomy. Histopathological examination revealed chronic non-specific inflammation. A rare diagnosis of the solitary cecal ulcer was ultimately made.ConclusionSolitary cecal ulcer is a rare, idiopathic entity. It mimics inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy, infection, etc. The comprehensive images of this case describe the characteristics of the disease.

Abstract Background There is growing evidence that tripartite motif-containing protein 44 (TRIM44) plays crucial role in tumor development. However, the underlying mechanism of this deubiquitinating enzyme remains unclear. Methods Large clinical samples were used to detect TRIM44 expression and its associations with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in cell lines and mouse xenograft models were performed to elucidate the function and underlying mechanisms of TRIM44 induced tumor progression. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays and mass spectrometric analyses were applied to verify the interacting proteins of TRIM44. Results We found that TRIM44 was commonly amplified in melanoma tissues compared with paratumoral tissues. TRIM44 expression also positively correlated with more aggressive clinicopathological features, such as Breslow depth (p = 0.025), distant metastasis (p = 0.012), and TNM stage (p = 0.002). Importantly, we found that TRIM44 was an independent indicator of prognosis for melanoma patients. Functionally, overexpression of TRIM44 facilitated cell invasion, migration, apoptosis resistance and proliferation in vitro, and promoted lung metastasis and tumorigenic ability in vivo. Importantly, high level of TRIM44 induced melanoma cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is one of the most important mechanisms for the promotion of tumor metastasis. Mechanistically, high levels of TRIM44 increased the levels of p-AKT (T308) and p-mTOR (S2448), and a specific AKT inhibitor inhibited TRIM44-induced tumor progression. Co-IP assays and mass spectrometric analyses indicated that TRIM44 overexpression induces cell EMT through activating AKT/mTOR pathway via directly binding and stabilizing TOLL-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and TLR4 interference impeded TRIM44 induced tumor progression. Moreover, we demonstrated that TRIM44 is the target of miR-26b-5p, which is significantly downregulated in melanoma tissues and may be responsible for the overexpression of TRIM44. Conclusions TRIM44, regulated by miR-26b-5p, promotes melanoma progression by stabilizing TLR4, which then activates the AKT/mTOR pathway. TRIM44 shows promise as a prognostic predictor and a therapeutic target for melanoma patients.

So far, ethical leadership has been proven to have a wide range of positive effects (resource acquisition spiral). Based on resource conservation theory and implicit leadership theory, this research instead focuses on the negative effect of ethical leadership on leaders themselves through leader emotional exhaustion under the condition of employee followership, therefore leader psychological withdrawal (resource loss spiral). In this time-lagged survey, a total of n = 238 leaders (male = 65.13%) were assessed over three measurement points with an interval of three months each. The results of the stuy are: (1) Ethical leadership links to growing leader emotional exhaustion; (2) Leader emotional exhaustion associates with intensified leader psychological withdrawal; (3) Leader emotional exhaustion mediates the relation between ethical leadership and leader psychological withdrawal; (4) Employee followership reversely moderates the effect of ethical leadership on leader emotional exhaustion; (5) Employee followership reversely moderates the effect of ethical leadership on leader psychological withdrawal through leader emotional exhaustion. Its indirect effect is non-significant under the condition of high employee followership. In summary, this research interpretates the mechanism and boundary condition for the negative effects of ethical leadership on leaders themselves., Author(s): He Qi [sup.1] , Fu Jingtao [sup.1] , Wu Wenhao [sup.2] , Sabeeh Pervaiz [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/03q648j11, grid.428986.9, 0000 0001 0373 6302, School of Management, Hainan University, [...]