Search

Chronic stress is associated with cardiovascular diseases, but the link with stroke has not been well established. Stress is influenced by life-style habits, personality type and anxiety levels. We sought to evaluate psycho-physical stress as a risk factor for stroke, while assessing gender influences.Case-control study. cases: patients (n=150) aged 18-65, admitted consecutively to our Stroke Unit with the diagnosis of incident stroke.(n=300) neighbours (paired with case ±5 years) recruited from the census registry.socio-demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors, psychophysical scales of HR (HolmesRahe questionnaire of life events), ERCTA (recall scale of type A behaviour), SF12 (QoL scale), GHQ28 (general health questionnaire). Statistical analyses included conditional multiple logistic regression models.Mean age was 53.8 years (SD: 9.3). Compared with controls, and following adjustment for confounding variables, significant associations between stroke and stress were: HR values150 OR=3.84 (95% CI 1.91 to 7.70, p0.001); ERCTA (values24) OR=2.23 (95% CI 1.19 to 4.18, p=0.012); mental SF12 (values50) OR=0.73 (95% CI 0.39 to 1.37, p=0.330); psychological SF12 (values50) OR=0.66 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.30, p=0.229), male gender OR=9.33 (95% CI 4.53 to 19.22, p0.001), high consumption of energy-providing beverages OR=2.63 (95% CI 1.30 to 5.31, p=0.007), current smoker OR=2.08 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.27, p=0.046), ex-smoker OR=2.35 (95% CI 1.07 to 5.12, p=0.032), cardiac arrhythmia OR=3.18 (95% CI 1.19 to 8.51, p=0.022) and Epworth scale (≥9) OR=2.83 (95% CI 1.03 to 7.78, p=0.044).Compared with healthy age-matched individuals, stressful habits and type A behaviour are associated with high risk of stroke. This association is not modified by gender.

Es un hecho fácilmente constatable la tendencia historiográfica a identificar los contenidos de estos dos libros de Solórzano Pereira, de tal forma que frente a la proliferación de citas a la Política Indiana, el recurso al De Gubernatione Indiarum es prácticamente nulo, siendo así que no ocurría tal entre los tratadistas de la época.

[ES] Aunque la historiografía portuguesa ha prestado especial atención al expreso reconocimiento del reino de Portugal por parte del papa Alejandro III, este hecho nunca se ha puesto en relación con otro coetáneo y no menos singular como lo es la concesión simultánea de fueros a las poblaciones de Coimbra, Lisboa y Santarém por parte del rey «Fundador» Alfonso Enríquez. El planteamiento como hipótesis inicial de trabajo de la existencia de una posible relación de causalidad entre ambos hechos y la búsqueda de su verificación en el análisis crítico de los documentos que dan cuenta de las actuaciones pontificia y regia conduce a resultados sorprendentes sobre el proceso de elaboración de estos forais en los que sin perjuicio de la tradición jurídica e histórica se da entrada a los principios del Derecho común para presentar al primer rey de los portugueses como «Imperator in regno suo»., [EN] Although Portuguese historians have already paid special attention to the recognition of Portugal as a kingdom by Pope Alexander III, this very fact has not yet been connected to another singular contemporary fact: the simultaneous concession of «forais» to the towns of Coimbra, Lisbon and Santarem, by king Alfonso Enríquez. The assumption, as an initial working hypothesis, that there is a possible causal relationship between both facts, as well as seeking to verify such hypothesis by means of a critical analysis of the documents respectively embodying the action of both Pope and King, lead to remarkable results about the redaction process of these «forais», where, while keeping within the bounds of the current historical and juridical traditions, it also occurs the reception of the «Ius commune» principles, depicting the first Portuguese king as «Imperator in regno suo».