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El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia de la técnica de las 3Rs relacionadas a las actitudes ambientales de los niños y niñas de la Institución Educativa de educación primaria ubicada en una zona rural del distrito de Moya, Huancavelica. Métodos: investigación aplicada, con un diseño preexperimental, para el cuál se ha diseñado instrumentos para una prueba de actitud ambiental, hoja de aplicación y ficha de observación. La muestra poblacional fue de 22 alumnos, entre niños y niñas del primero al sexto grado, de la Institución Educativa N° 36053. Se aplicó la prueba de la actitud ambiental sobre la técnica de las 3Rs (3 erres); luego, se hizo la evaluación de las actitudes ambientales a través de una prueba de actitud ambiental y hoja de aplicación. Los resultados muestran en la prueba de entrada, el 77% (17) del total de la muestra de estudio, tienen una actitud negativa, y solo el 23% (5) tienen actitud positiva; es decir, al inicio de la investigación la actitud ambiental fue negativa; después de la aplicación de la técnica de las 3Rs, la situación se revierte, porque la mayoría (86%) de los niños y niñas obtuvieron una actitud ambiental positiva; en tanto que en el 14% (3) de los niños no demuestran cambio respecto a la actitud ambiental. Conclusión: la técnica de las 3Rs influye de manera muy significativa en las actitudes ambientales de los niños y niñas de dicha institución.

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Abnormal aggregation of the Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides into fibrils play a critical role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. A two-stage “dock-lock” model have been proposed for the Aβ fibril elongation process. However, the mechanisms of the Aβ monomer-fibril binding process have not been elucidated with the necessary molecular-level precision, and so it remains unclear how the lock phase dynamics leads to the overall in-register binding of the Aβ monomer onto the fibril. To gain mechanistic insight into this critical step during the fibril elongation process we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a physics-based coarse-grained UNited-RESidue (UNRES) force field we sampled extensively the dynamics of the lock phase process, in which a fibril-bound Aβ((9–40)) peptide rearranges to establish the native docking conformation. Analysis of the MD trajectories with Markov State Models was used to quantify the kinetics of the rearrangement process and the most probable pathways leading to the overall native docking conformation of the incoming peptide. These revealed a key intermediate state in which an intra-monomer hairpin is formed between the central core amyloidogenic patch (18)VFFA(21) and the C-terminal hydrophobic patch (34)LMVG(37). This hairpin structure is highly favored as a transition state during the lock phase of the fibril elongation. We propose a molecular mechanism for the facilitation of the Aβ fibril elongation by amyloidogenic hydrophobic patches.

Antecedentes: la prevalencia global de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares ha aumentado drásticamente. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa en la variabilidad alimentaria de los cuidadores de niños con obesidad y sobrepeso, utilizando la herramienta “Mi Plato”. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y longitudinal con 60 cuidadores de niños con obesidad y sobrepeso. El estudio comprendió tres etapas: 1. Determinación de la variabilidad dietética basal; 2. Intervención educativa basada en la herramienta “Mi Plato”; 3. Evaluación de la variabilidad dietética posintervención. En el análisis de las variables cuantitativas se aplicaron la media, la mediana y la desviación estándar. La distribución de los datos se evaluó mediante la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk y para la homogeneidad de la varianza se dispuso la prueba de Levene. En el análisis de la diferencia de las medias se empleó la T de Student y se consideró una significancia estadística ≤ 0,05. El programa estadístico empleado fue SPSS v15.00. Resultados: la variabilidad dietética aumentó luego de la intervención educativa, p < 0,001. El promedio de la variabilidad dietética global antes de la intervención de 8,2 fue menor que el de la posintervención de 9,8, con un 95 % de confianza (valor de p < 0,001). Conclusiones: se comprobó que la intervención educativa con la herramienta “Mi Plato” en los cuidadores de niños en condición de obesidad y sobrepeso mejora la variabilidad dietética.

Se trata de la presentación de la Coletanea producida en el Núcleo de Estudios, Investigación y Extensión de Familias e Politicas Públicas da la Universidad Federal de Sao Paulo Brazil, Ensino em Saúde, Trabajo Social

Coletânea INTERFACES: FAMÍLIAS E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS Volume 1: 10 anos: itinerários percorridos pelo Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisa e Extensão em Famílias e Políticas Públicas - NEF (2009-2020). Publicação anual, cujo conteúdo apresenta as reflexões teórico-conceituais das diferentes disciplinas e formações interdisciplinares dosmembros do NEF a partir deresenhas, resumos expandidos, narrativas, entrevistas e resultados das pesquisas desenvolvidas nocontexto deste grupo. Nesta oportunidade, vem redigido em espanhol e apresentado em duas partes: uma primeira que aborda aspectos conceituais e uma segunda ao respeito da prática de intervenção junto às famílias, denominadas de: • Parte I: Gestão da Assistência Social e Investigação sobre Trabalho Social com Famílias • Parte II: Trabalho Social com familias: Prácticas interventivas.

Resumen: El artículo analiza iniciativas para promover la seguridad alimentaria en Argentina, Brazil, Colombia e Inglaterra a partir del diseño de un diagnóstico situacional de los países en mención, en el periodo post-Covid-19. Se trata de datos secundarios recientes de agencias de investigación locales y multilaterales que cuestionan la gama de indicadores de riqueza y pobreza frente a la inseguridad alimentaria entre la población más vulnerable. También avanza sobre la forma de producir alimentos a gran escala, en especial la economía basada en commodities, cuestionando la soberanía en la producción de alimentos y la contradicción frente a las premisas para el desarrollo sostenible. Busca evidenciar sobre la implementación de algunos programas y políticas sociales. En los referidos países, para atender a las familias en situación de vulnerabilidad social. Resumo: O artigo analisa as iniciativas de promoção da segurança alimentar na Argentina, Brasil, Colômbia e Inglaterra a partir do desenho de um diagnóstico situacional dos países em questão, no período pós-Covid-19. São dados secundários recentes de agências de pesquisa locais e multilaterais que questionam a gama de indicadores de riqueza e pobreza versus insegurança alimentar entre a população mais vulnerável. Avança também no modo de produzir alimentos em larga escala, principalmente a economia baseada em commodities, questionando a soberania na produção de alimentos e a contradição com as premissas do desenvolvimento sustentável. Busca evidenciar a implementação de alguns programas e políticas sociais. Nesses países, para cuidar de famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Abstract: The article analyzes the initiatives to promote food security in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and England based on the design of a situational diagnosis of the countries in question, in the post-Covid-19 period. These are recent secondary data from local and multilateral research agencies that question the range of indicators of wealth and poverty versus food insecurity among the most vulnerable population. It also advances in the way of producing food on a large scale, mainly the economy based on commodities, questioning the sovereignty in food production and the contradiction with the premises of sustainable development. It seeks to highlight the implementation of some social programs and policies. In these countries, to care for families in situations of social vulnerability.

An explanation is provided of how extensive reading was used in the second-year reading courses in two majors—the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language (Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés, BEI) and English as a Foreign Language (Bachillerato en Inglés, BI), both of the Universidad Nacional (Heredia, Costa Rica)—to improve their language proficiency. To implement this, the time and activities were organized in student-centered sessions so that the learners could select readings for their individual use. Se explica cómo se utilizó la lectura extensiva en los cursos de lectura con estudiantes de segundo año en el Bachillerato en Inglés y Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés en la Universidad Nacional (Heredia, Costa Rica), para mejorar su competencia lingüística. Para su puesta en ejecución, se organizó el tiempo y las actividades centradas en el alumno, con el fin de que escogieran las lecturas para su uso individual. Escuela de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje

Introduced species can have strong ecological, social and economic effects on their non-native environment. Introductions of megafaunal species are rare and may contribute to rewilding efforts, but they may also have pronounced socio-ecological effects because of their scale of influence. A recent introduction of the hippopotamusHippopotamus amphibiusinto Colombia is a novel introduction of a megaherbivore onto a new continent, and raises questions about the future dynamics of the socio-ecological system into which it has been introduced. Here we synthesize current knowledge about the Colombian hippopotamus population, review the literature on the species to predict potential ecological and socio-economic effects of this introduction, and make recommendations for future study. Hippopotamuses can have high population growth rates (7–11%) and, on the current trajectory, we predict there could be 400–800 individuals in Colombia by 2050. The hippopotamus is an ecosystem engineer that can have profound effects on terrestrial and aquatic environments and could therefore affect the native biodiversity of the Magdalena River basin. Hippopotamuses are also aggressive and may pose a threat to the many inhabitants of the region who rely upon the Magdalena River for their livelihoods, although the species could provide economic benefits through tourism. Further research is needed to quantify the current and future size and distribution of this hippopotamus population and to predict the likely ecological, social and economic effects. This knowledge must be balanced with consideration of social and cultural concerns to develop appropriate management strategies for this novel introduction.

Ausencia, movilidad y metáfora son las constantes que convergen en mi trabajo. Con ellas describo -a través de los procesos de la gráfica-, una serie de posibilidades en donde el individuo está ausente de un discurso filosófico, un lugar o una metáfora.

ensayo

espanolEn el ano 2018, se recopilo informacion de 37 estudian-tes de cuarto ano de la carrera del Bachillerato en la Ensenanza del Ingles (BEI) de la Universidad Nacional (UNA), para obtener sus percepciones acerca del proceso de aprendizaje vivido y mejorar el diseno y alcance del programa de estudios. El objetivo principal fue recono-cer fortalezas y debilidades de la carrera desde la voz de los educandos y por ende contar con informacion valio-sa para un futuro rediseno curricular que cumpla con los perfiles y los estandares de la UNA y del mercado profe-sional. La estrategia metodologica incluyo la entrevista y el cuestionario, asi como el apoyo en teorias basadas en el aprendizaje y la ensenanza de un idioma y en facto-res motivacionales y afectivos con el fin de analizar si el contenido incluido en el curriculum cumple con las ex-pectativas de los estudiantes en sus demandas profesio-nales. Algunas conclusiones revelan que estos sienten un alto grado de satisfaccion con el programa; sin embargo, mencionan areas debiles como en la evaluacion y en al-gunos contenidos. Estos hallazgos podrian servir de base para un futuro rediseno curricular de la carrera, asi como podria ser replicado en otras especialidades como parte de sus propias mejoras en la oferta academica. EnglishThis research was conducted with a group of 37 senior students from the English Teaching major at Universidad Nacional (UNA) in 2018, as a way of getting some important feedback of their learning process perception in order to improve the study program’s scope and design. The main objective was to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of the major directly from students’ voices to define which areas need improvement as valuable input to be considered in a future curricular redesign that could meet UNA’s standards and professional profiles. The methodological strategy used included interviews and questionnaires, as well as the analysis of theories on language learning and teaching and affective and motivational factors in order to analyze if the content included in the major’s curriculum has fulfilled students’ expectations towards their professional demands. Some of the conclusions show students’ high degree of satisfaction towards the major; however, they mention important weaknesses on evaluation procedures and on content. These findings become a valid starting point to create a future introspective exercise considering some improvements this program should undergo in a future redesign process. This study could be replicated in other university majors that want to improve their own academic offer.

Anais do VII Congresso Acadêmico Unifesp realizado em junho de 2021 no formato online.

Los grupos de Investigación en Microbiología, Industria y Ambiente (GIMIA) y en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO) hacen parte del Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Ciencias Básicas Ambientales y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CICBA), adscrito a la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas de la Universidad Santiago de Cali. Desde su comienzo esta unidad académico-administrativa ha procurado estar a la vanguardia en la investigación, en la tecnología y en la innovación. Es por ello que los grupos de investigación acordes con esta macrolínea se han preocupado por compartir sus avances en investigación e innovación en un marco de responsabilidad social. Es por ello que, en este libro llamado “Estudios en resistencia a los antibióticos beta-lactámicos en bacterias Gram negativas”, se recopilan tres trabajos de investigadores que forman parte de la producción intelectual de los grupos GIMIA y QUIBIO, en alianza con el Grupo de Resistencia y Epidemiología Hospitalaria (RAEH) de la Universidad El Bosque.

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease is the formation of aggregates of the tau protein, a process that can be facilitated by the presence of fibrils formed by the Amyloid β peptide (Aβ). However, the mechanism that triggers tau aggregation is still a matter of debate. The effect of Aβ(40) fibrils on the aggregation of the repeat domain of tau (TauRD) is investigated here by employing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the repeat domain of tau has high affinity for Aβ(40) fibrils, with the (261)GSTENLK(267) fragment of tau driving TauRD towards the (16)KLVFFA(21) fragment in Aβ(40). Monomeric Aβ(40), in which the (16)KLVFFA(21) fragment is rarely found in an extended conformation (as in the fibril), has low affinity for the TauRD, indicating that the ability of Aβ(40) fibrils to bind to the TauRD depends on the (16)KLVFFA(21) fragment of Aβ adopting an extended conformation.

Energy frameworks are generally perceived to have little to no social content or implications; however, gender neutral energy frameworks may inadvertently discriminate against women. To understand the extent to which gender is being mainstreamed in energy frameworks at the national level, the authors have conducted three analyses on energy-related frameworks. This chapter captures the main findings of these analyses, aligning them with existing frameworks for assessing the gender responsiveness of energy policies, identifying if those elements are found in existing energy frameworks and providing examples of how gender considerations can be further addressed to support the development of a more gender-responsive energy transition.

Incluye contenido parcial de los autores Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a speciesto become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonna-tive habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this dataset, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposeda geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into theNeotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced recordson alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 speciesbelonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotrop-ics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Floridain the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 coun-tries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g.,Callithrixsp.,Myocastor coypus,Nasua nasua)considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The mostnumerous species in terms of records are fromBossp. (n=37,782),Sus scrofa(n=6,730), andCanis familiaris(n=10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caf-fer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of spe-cies in the data set (n=20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomicidentification of the generaCallithrix,which includes the speciesCallithrix aurita, Callithrixflaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, andtheir hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion riskassessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copy-right restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We alsorequest that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Compliance with the client requirements is a key factor for the success of projects. However, this compliance is not always easy to monitor and verify. SCRUM framework flexibility makes it possible to include a variety of techniques and good practices from other methods to help software development teams to achieve their goals. Some of these tools can track historical changes in the code (versioning), perform code inspection to identify bugs, vulnerabilities, code duplication, and code smells that can affect the software quality. This paper presents a preventive software quality assurance environment that aims at improving the quality of the development process.

Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, can be caused by excess production or insufficient clearance. Because of its β-sheet structure, fibrillar Aβ is resistant to proteolysis, which would contribute to slow degradation of Aβ plaques in vivo. Fibrillar Aβ can be internalized by microglia, which are the scavenger cells of the brain, but the fibrils are degraded only slowly in microglial lysosomes. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal protease that has been shown to proteolyze fibrillar Aβ. Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), a lysosomal serine protease, possesses endopeptidase activity and has been shown to cleave peptides between hydrophobic residues. Herein, we demonstrate that TPP1 is able to proteolyze fibrillar Aβ efficiently. Mass spectrometry analysis of peptides released from fibrillar Aβ digested with TPP1 reveals several endoproteolytic cleavages including some within β-sheet regions that are important for fibril formation. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that these cleavages destabilize fibrillar β-sheet structure. The demonstration that TPP1 can degrade fibrillar forms of Aβ provides insight into the turnover of fibrillar Aβ and may lead to new therapeutic methods to increase degradation of Aβ plaques.

The low aspect ratio spherical tokamak (ST) MEDUSA-CR is currently being re-commissioned at Instituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica. One of the proposed first tasks is to simulate the magnetic confinement considering the particular coils arrangement of the device. This work presents the resulting shape of the plasma cross-section. MEDUSA-CR main specifications are: plasma major radius R0 approx. 0.14 m, plasma minor radius a approx. 0.10 m, toroidal field at the vessel geometrical center BT smaller than 0.5 T, plasma current Ip lesser than 40 kA, central electron temperature Te lesser than 140 eV, discharge duration lesser than 3 ms [1]. The free boundary equilibrium solver Fiesta has been used to obtain the plasma shaping and some equilibrium parameters. The code works the magnetic confinement for the static Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) equilibrium case solving the Grad-Shafranov equation. A central solenoid was added to the original magnetic configuration aiming to create a limiter with an ergodic behavior in order to enhance the plasma confinement [2], [3]. The resulting cross-section (without divertor, i.e., natural divertor) for the plasma volume is a “bean” shape. The elongation is found to be 1.43 and the triangularity 0.547. A bean shape cross section is found to produce a higher triangularity, which have a significant effect on MHD stability [4]. Further simulations with FIESTA could be used as proof of principle for the effect of the plasma shape on transport and stability.