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Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Monetária, Bancária e Financeira, No âmbito do Mestrado em Economia Monetária, Bancária e Financeira é realizada a presente dissertação sobre a responsabilidade social empresarial e ética nas empresas, com o objetivo em conhecer e refletir sobre os conceitos de responsabilidade social e da ética, bem como de liderança ética. De seguida, e numa perspetiva de estudo, pretende-se perceber se o consumidor tem conhecimento destas temáticas e se consegue evidenciar algumas das práticas de responsabilidade social no contexto organizacional. Por fim, será também investigado se os consumidores procuram informações sobre os temas, que comportamentos ponderam no momento da tomada de decisão de compra e se conhecem empresas socialmente responsáveis. De referir que os dados foram recolhidos a partir da realização de um inquérito divulgado nas redes sociais. A construção deste questionário teve por base uma entrevista exploratória ao Grupo EDP. Como fontes para o desenvolvimento da presente dissertação serão analisados: livros e artigos científicos, o código de ética do Grupo EDP e o seu website, jornais digitais, com notícias referentes ao modo de atuação da organização, bem como o material de apoio fornecido pelos docentes no percurso académico. No que refere à estrutura, a dissertação será constituída por uma breve revisão da literatura, no que diz respeito aos conceitos de responsabilidade social empresarial, ética e liderança ética. Posteriormente, será apresentado o Grupo EDP, o seu código de ética bem como as suas práticas de responsabilidade social e princípios éticos. Por fim, será elaborada uma análise às respostas obtidas através do inquérito, com vista à exposição de uma opinião fundamentada sobre o impacto que as características socioeconómicas têm na perceção e conhecimento de responsabilidade social empresarial e da ética nas empresas. Uma das principais conclusões, através dos testes realizados, é que a habilitação literária e a faixa etária não têm impacto significativo na procura da informação sobre as iniciativas de responsabilidade social das empresas., This dissertation on corporate social responsibility and ethics is carried out within the scope of the Master's Degree in Monetary, Banking and Financial Economics, with the purpose of knowing and reflecting on the concepts of social responsibility and ethics, as well as ethical leadership. Next, and from a study perspective, it is intended to understand whether the consumer is aware of these issues and whether he or she is able to evidence some of the practices of social responsibility in an organizational context. Finally, it will also be investigated whether consumers seek information on the issues, what behaviours they consider when making purchasing decisions and whether they know socially responsible companies. It should be noted that the data were collected from a survey disseminated on social networks. The construction of this questionnaire was based on an exploratory interview with the EDP Group. As sources for the development of this dissertation, the following will be analysed: books and scientific articles the EDP Group's code of ethics and its website, digital newspapers, with news referring to the organization's mode of action, as well as the support material provided by teachers during the academic career. Regarding the structure of the dissertation, it will consist of a brief literature review, related to the concepts of corporate social responsibility, ethics and ethical leadership. Afterwards, the EDP Group, its code of ethics as well as its social responsibility practices and ethical principles will be presented. Finally, an analysis of the answers obtained through the survey will be carried out in order to present a reasoned opinion on the impact that socioeconomic characteristics have on the perception and knowledge of corporate social responsibility and ethics in companies.

LA/P/0056/2020 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-31859/2017), the Program “COMPETE Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade” (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010915) QREN, the European Union (FEDER—Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional), Proteostasis COST Action (BM1307), by The National Mass Spectrometry Network (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-402-022125 Ref. ROTEIRO/0028/2013), and the Prize L’Óreal for Women in Science (Foundation L’Óreal/FCT/UNESCO). This work was also funded (in part) by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and co-funded by European Regional Development Fund under the project “The Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center” with the reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072678–Consórcio PORTO.CCC–Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca. Authors also would like to acknowledge also IPATIMUP for the financial support provided through the project: CANCER_CHALLENGE2022, and to International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), and FCT2012-Investigator Program (for MJ Oliveira), EMBO and EACR travel Fellowships, Cancer Research UK (C99667/A12918) and Welcome Trust (097945/B/11/Z) for their grant support. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Purpose: To identify a molecular signature of macrophages exposed to clinically relevant ionizing radiation (IR) doses, mirroring radiotherapy sessions. Methods: Human monocyte-derived macrophages were exposed to 2 Gy/ fraction/ day for 5 days, mimicking one week of cancer patient’s radiotherapy. Protein expression profile by proteomics was performed. Results: A gene ontology analysis revealed that radiation-induced protein changes are associated with metabolic alterations, which were further supported by a reduction of both cellular ATP levels and glucose uptake. Most of the radiation-induced deregulated targets exhibited a decreased expression, as was the case of cathepsin D, a lysosomal protease associated with cell death, which was validated by Western blot. We also found that irradiated macrophages exhibited an increased expression of the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which is responsible for the uptake of transferrin-bound iron. TfR1 upregulation was also found in tumor-associated mouse macrophages upon tumor irradiation. In vitro irradiated macrophages also presented a trend for increased divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which transports iron from the endosome to the cytosol, and a significant increase in iron release. Conclusions: Irradiated macrophages present lower ATP levels and glucose uptake, and exhibit decreased cathepsin D expression, while increasing TfR1 expression and altering iron metabolism. publishersversion published

The standard of care for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery, but complete response rates are reduced. To find predictive biomarkers of response to therapy, we conducted a retrospective study evaluating blood biomarkers before nCRT. Hemoglobin (Hg), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19.9 levels, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were obtained from 171 rectal cancer patients before nCRT. Patients were classified as responders (Ryan 0–1; ycT0N0), 59.6% (n = 102), or nonresponders (Ryan 2–3), 40.3% (n = 69), in accordance with the Ryan classification. A logistic regression using prognostic pretreatment factors identified CRP ≤ 3.5 (OR = 0.05; 95%CI: 0.01–0.21) as a strong independent predictor of response to treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that CRP was an independent predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 5.48; 95%CI: 1.54–19.48) and overall survival (HR = 6.10; 95%CI 1.27–29.33) in patients treated with nCRT. Platelets were an independent predictor of DFS (HR = 3.068; 95%CI: 1.29–7.30) and OS (HR= 4.65; 95%CI: 1.66–13.05) and Hg was revealed to be an independent predictor of DFS (HR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.15–0.90) in rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT. The lower expression of CRP is independently associated with an improved response to nCRT, DFS, and OS.

BackgroundVitamin D is a fundamental regulator of host defences by activating genes related to innate and adaptive immunity. Previous research shows a correlation between the levels of vitamin D in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the degree of disease severity. This work investigates the impact of the genetic background related to vitamin D pathways on COVID-19 severity. For the first time, the Portuguese population was characterized regarding the prevalence of high impact variants in genes associated with the vitamin D pathways.MethodsThis study enrolled 517 patients admitted to two tertiary Portuguese hospitals. The serum concentration of 25 (OH)D, was measured in the hospital at the time of patient admission. Genetic variants, 18 variants, in the genes AMDHD1, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, DHCR7, GC, SEC23A, and VDR were analysed.ResultsThe results show that polymorphisms in the vitamin D binding protein encoded by the GC gene are related to the infection severity (p = 0.005). There is an association between vitamin D polygenic risk score and the serum concentration of 25 (OH)D (p = 0.042). There is an association between 25 (OH)D levels and the survival and fatal outcomes (p = 1.5e-4). The Portuguese population has a higher prevalence of the DHCR7 RS12785878 variant when compared with its prevalence in the European population (19% versus 10%).ConclusionThis study shows a genetic susceptibility for vitamin D deficiency that might explain higher severity degrees in COVID-19 patients. These results reinforce the relevance of personalized strategies in the context of viral diseases.Trial registrationNCT04370808

© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/., Vitamin D is a fundamental regulator of host defences by activating genes related to innate and adaptive immunity. Previous research shows a correlation between the levels of vitamin D in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the degree of disease severity. This work investigates the impact of the genetic background related to vitamin D pathways on COVID-19 severity. For the first time, the Portuguese population was characterized regarding the prevalence of high impact variants in genes associated with the vitamin D pathways. This study enrolled 517 patients admitted to two tertiary Portuguese hospitals. The serum concentration of 25 (OH)D, was measured in the hospital at the time of patient admission. Genetic variants, 18 variants, in the genes AMDHD1, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, DHCR7, GC, SEC23A, and VDR were analysed. The results show that polymorphisms in the vitamin D binding protein encoded by the GC gene are related to the infection severity (p = 0.005). There is an association between vitamin D polygenic risk score and the serum concentration of 25 (OH)D (p = 0.04). There is an association between 25 (OH)D levels and the survival and fatal outcomes (p = 1.5e-4). The Portuguese population has a higher prevalence of the DHCR7 RS12785878 variant when compared with its prevalence in the European population (19% versus 10%). This study shows a genetic susceptibility for vitamin D deficiency that might explain higher severity degrees in COVID-19 patients. These results reinforce the relevance of personalized strategies in the context of viral diseases., This project was supported by the “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia”, program “Research 4 Covid-19 Apoio especial a projetos de implementação rápida para soluções inovadoras de resposta à pandemia de COVID-19”. It was also partially supported by each institution.

Copyright © 2019 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, The use of experimental animal models has become crucial in cardiovascular science. Most studies using rodent models are focused on two-dimensional imaging to study the cardiac anatomy of the left ventricle and M-mode echo to assess its dimensions. However, this could limit a comprehensive study. Herein, we describe a protocol that allows an assessment of the heart chamber size, left ventricular function (systolic and diastolic) and valvular function. A conventional medical ultrasound machine was used in this protocol and different echo views were obtained through left parasternal, apical and suprasternal windows. In the left parasternal window, the long and short axis were acquired to analyze left chamber dimensions, right ventricle and pulmonary artery dimensions, and mitral, pulmonary and aortic valve function. The apical window allows the measurement of heart chamber dimensions and evaluation of systolic and diastolic parameters. It also allows Doppler assessment with detection and quantification of heart valve disturbances (regurgitation or stenosis). Different segments and walls of the left ventricle are visualized throughout all views. Finally, the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta can be imaged through the suprasternal window. A combination of ultrasound imaging, Doppler flow and tissue Doppler assessment have been obtained to study cardiac morphology and function. This represents an important contribution to improve the assessment of cardiac function in adult rats with impact for research using these animal models.

O estudo desenvolvido na presente dissertação pretende analisar, em primeiro lugar, a importância da informação na formação de preços no mercado de valores mobiliários e no regular funcionamento do mesmo. Considerando a relevância decisiva da informação disponível divulgada na cotação dos valores mobiliários e, dada a incapacidade de o mercado se autorregular, justifica-se a existência de uma regulação que assegure os direitos dos participantes no mercado, no que à informação diz respeito. Atendendo à fundamental regulamentação nesta matéria, é feita uma análise pormenorizada da legislação nacional e comunitária, quer no que concerne à obrigação de divulgar informações, especificamente, as privilegiadas, quer à infração penal que constitui o abuso de informação privilegiada, cobrindo a evolução legislativa assistida nos últimos anos. Por fim, e sem esquecer o desenvolvimento tecnológico, gradativamente presente na negociação no mercado, dedica-se parte da presente dissertação à abordagem de estratégias e sistemas de negociação eletrónica e às suas possíveis ameaças para o equilíbrio e regular funcionamento do mercado financeiro, bem como à utilização ilícita de meios informáticos na perpetração de crimes (cibercriminalidade) de mercado. The study developed in this thesis intends to, in the first place, analyze the importance of the information contemplating the market prices formation and the regular functioning of the markets. Considering the relation between the information disclosed to the public and the price of the securities, and given the absence of self-regulation, it is required to impose regulation in order to ensure the participants’ rights, regarding the access to information. Taking into account the fundamental principles of the regulation about this matter, this thesis carefully analyses all the relevant Portuguese and European Union legislations in what concerns to the disclosure of information, specifically the inside information, the criminal offence market abuse represents, and how it evolved over time. In conclusion, and having in mind the technology advances in market negotiations, for years now, the last part of this thesis approaches the systems and strategies of electronic negotiation, the threats/dangers the same can bring to the regulation and to the stability of the markets, as well as the illegal utilization of the electronic? means in the perpetration of criminal offences (cybercrime) in the markets.

Tese de mestrado, Doenças Metabólicas e Comportamento Alimentar, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2013 Submitted by Lucília Mateus (luciliamateus@fm.ul.pt) on 2013-02-25T15:18:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 666257_tese.pdf: 4721092 bytes, checksum: 714d65c3f5cf76785a28e6965bca1182 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-25T15:24:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 666257_tese.pdf: 4721092 bytes, checksum: 714d65c3f5cf76785a28e6965bca1182 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012

Biomedicina Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine

Mestrado em Oncologia Master Degree in Oncology