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ABSTRACT Moringa oleifera Lam. is a tropical tree that belongs to the Moringaceae family and is popularly known worldwide for its multiple applications. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability of individuals from the Moringa Genebank of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Sergipe state, Brazil. The Moringa Genebank comprises 25 accessions, represented by 177 genotypes, of which 18 were transferred in from an exchanged germplasm of the University of Florida, USA, and the others were from different states in Brazil. Leaves of each genotype were collected for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using 20 Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers. A total of 141 bands were amplified, and 100 % were polymorphic. The average expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon's index were 0.11 and 0.16, respectively. The highest genetic divergence was found between the M4 and M18 accessions, both from Florida, USA, whereas the closest pair of accessions was M23 and M24, both from Brazil. The cluster analysis obtained through the Structure software divided moringa genotypes into two groups. These results suggest low genetic diversity between the accessions in the Moringa Genebank. Therefore, the introduction of new accessions in the Moringa GeneBank is essential to increasing the genetic variability of the species to ensure its conservation and improvement.

RESUMO A Caesalpinia ferrea var. leyostachia (pau-ferro) e Cassia grandis (canafístula) apresentam importância para obtenção de mudas para recuperação de áreas degradadas, porém pouco se tem na literatura sobre estas espécies. Objetivando-se identificar diferenças em perfis enzimáticos destes indivíduos foi realizado o presente trabalho. Realizou-se extração de enzimas Álcool Desidrogenase, Esterase, Glutamato Oxaloacetato Transaminase, Peroxidase e Glucose Desidrogenase. Em apenas três dos sistemas observou-se atividade, sendo a Esterase a que apresentou maior número de bandas. Notaram-se perfis diferenciados entre os genótipos de canafístula e entre os genótipos de pau-ferro avaliados, permitindo-se inferir sobre a diversidade existente entre os indivíduos.

ABSTRACT: The genipap (Genipa americana L.) is a non-endemic species native to Brazil belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is a species that unites socioeconomic and environmental pillars. The study objective was to establish the induction of indirect somatic embryogenesis in foliar explants of genipap genotypes. Leaf explants of UMB, SAL, JSA, SC, and CER accessions cultivated in half the salt concentration of Murashige & Skoog (MS), 30 g/L sucrose, and 3g/L PhytagelTM with the following combinations of NAA × BA regulators were used: M1: 4.0/4.0 mg/L NAA and BA, M2: 4.0/6.0 mg/L NAA and BA, and M3: 6.0/4.0 mg/L NAA and BA. At 60 days of culture, they were transferred to secondary embryogenic callus multiplication medium supplemented with 2.21 mg/L of 2,4-D. At 30 and 60 days, the increment (%) and fresh mass (g) of primary callus and at 120 days the presence of embryogenic callus were evaluated. The primary medium with 4.0 mg/L of NAA and 6.0 mg/L of BA induced embryogenic primary callus in leaf explants of the genipap accessions SAL, SC, and JSA. The secondary medium was promising for the multiplication of embryogenic callus. Cytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of embryogenic cells in SAL, SC, and JSA accessions.

Aim: As far as is known, the pharmaceutical effects of neem on human B-lymphoblastoid (TK6) cells have not been studied until now. Hence, the present study aimed to obtain neem phenolic extracts for inhibits the proliferation of TK6 cells and explore some possible underlying mechanisms involved in these effects. Methods: Hexane extract (HE) was obtained in the first step. After that, the residual hexane was removed from the neem. The dried neem sample was used in a new extraction for obtaining the ethyl acetate extract (EAE). Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity in TK6 cells. The stop at G0/G1 cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in the TK6 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. For deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage evaluation, the alkaline comet test was used. Results: The higher TFC (65.50 mg/g of extract ± 1.17 mg/g of extract) and TPC (52.08 mg of extract ± 0.88 mg of extract) were obtained in EAE compared to HE that was obtained TFC of 14.61 mg/g of extract ± 0.60 mg/g of extract and TPC of 3.20 mg/g of extract ± 1.20 mg/g of extract. EAE was more significantly cytotoxic to TK6 cells than HE. The apoptosis induction was higher after exposure to 15.0 µg/mL of EAE (11.29%) in comparison to 15.0 µg/mL of HE (2.52%). The G0/G1 phase increased from 72% negative control (NC) to 83% after treatment with neem extracts (15 µg/mL). Neem extracts were also able to cause DNA strand breaks in TK6 cells. Conclusions: The extraction residue from neem leaf after hexane extraction is a source important of cytotoxic and genotoxic molecules against TK6 cells, the results also can suggest that the toxic effects in TK6 cells can be provided most likely due to the presence of high content of TPC from neem extracts.

Hancornia speciosa Gomes belongs to the family Apocynaceae and is distributed across different regions of Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate callus induction and histodifferentiation in five mangaba accessions under different in vitro culture conditions. Five acessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of Mangaba (Embrapa, Brazil) were evaluated. In vitro-germinated plant seedlings were used for the excision of different explants (internode and node segments, and foliar section). These segments were inoculated in a culture medium containing different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). There was a significant effect of accessions, treatments, and time on the callus mass (g). There was no callus induction in the absence of regulators. After 60 days of in vitro culture, all treatments exhibited a linear positive cellular growth. The highest callus mass was observed in the BI accession, in the presence of 22.62 µM 2,4-D and 11.10 µM BA.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of genipap (Genipa americana) pollen grain at room temperature in different culture media. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x11 factorial arrangement (culture media x incubation times) with four replicates. The number of germinated pollen grains was analyzed at 24-hour intervals up to 288 hours after incubation at room temperature. The culture medium with 100 mg L-1 H3BO3, 80 g L-1 sucrose, and 1.0 g L-1 agar results in a higher to intermediate germination percentage, being the most suitable for studies on the in vitro viability of genipap pollen grains.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of vitrification solutions and exposure time on the cryopreservation of Brazilian green dwarf coconut plumules (BGD) using the droplet vitrification technique. Explants were excised from BGD mature fruits from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Sergipe, Brazil. Firstly, embryos were disinfected, and after excision, plumules were pre-cultivated for 72 hours in Y3 + 0.6 M sucrose + 2.2 g L-1 Gelrite® culture medium. Plumules were exposed to PVS2 and PVS3 solutions for 15 and 30 minutes and rapidly immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196 ºC). After cryopreservation, they were thawed in culture medium solution (Y3 + 1.2 M sucrose) and cultured in regeneration medium. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial scheme (vitrification solutions per exposure times), with five replicates per treatment. Data were compared by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Significant differences were observed in the callogenesis percentage for the solutions x exposure time interaction for non-cryopreserved cultures (-NL) and for exposure time after cryopreservation (+NL). PVS2 and PVS3 combined with 15 minutes of exposure promoted the highest callus formation (70 and 100%, respectively) in control cultures. The exposure time of 30 min, regardless of vitrification solution, resulted in 30% embryogenic callus formation after cryopreservation. These results contributed to the long-term conservation of coconut palm.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the proline synthesis and physiological response of cassava genotypes which were micro propagated and induced to salinity stress in vitro. Micro cuttings of approximately 1.0cm long with a single bud of genotypes TBRS Tapioqueira, BRS Verdinha and Lagoão which were previously established in vitro were inoculated in a MS medium containing different concentrations of NaCl (0; 25; 50; 75; 100mM) and were analyzed after 90th day for: number of roots, number of leaves and shoot dry mass. The proline content of BRS Tapioqueira and Lagoão was assessed at 30th, 60th and 90th day. There was no analysis of proline of the variety Verdinha because of the contamination of the explants. The experimental design was completely randomized in double factorial scheme (3 genotypes x 5 salt treatments), with seven repetitions for growth variables. For comparing proline content, completely randomized design was used in a plot subdivided in time, with genotype and NaCl factors in plot and time in subplot, with two repetitions. For r time and genotypes Tukey test (P

ABSTRACT Genipapo is a species with an intermediate seed storage behavior, and its germination is slow and asynchronous; therefore the tissue culture is an alternative strategy for the propagation in large-scale. This study aimed to evaluate three genipapo accessions at different micropropagation stages (adventitious shoot induction, in vitro rooting and acclimatization). Genipapo nodal segments from the Sabinópolis (AS), Cruz das Almas (CZA) and Núcleo Bandeirante (NB) accessions were used and inoculated in culture media with 0 and 1.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations were tested for in vitro rooting. Subsequently, the effect of two substrates on the seedling development of three genipapo accessions was assessed. The molecular characterization of accessions was performed using 15 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers, and genotype clustering was performed based on genetic dissimilarity using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). Culture media supplementation with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP favors the development of adventitious shoots and promotes a higher callogenesis percentage, leaf number and feasibility at 90 days of in vitro culture. The immersion of the basal portion of shoots for 20 seconds in all IBA solutions induces the rhizogenesis in the genipapo accessions at 90 days of in vitro culture. The substrates consisting of washed sand + dried coconut shell powder, at a 1:1 ratio by volume, and Topstrato HT(r) may be recommended for genipapo acclimatization. The NB accession is genetically different from the CZA and AS populations and shows superiority for most of the variables analyzed.

Abiotic stresses in plants have aroused great research interest, unceasingly seeking for more productive cultivars under unfavorable cultivation conditions. Water deficiency and soil salinity are the most studied aspects, due to their strong impact on the growth and productivity of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate accessions of different sugarcane species (Saccharum spp., S. robustum, S. officinarum) regarding tolerance to in vitro salinity, from changes in physiological, anatomical, biochemical and biometric parameters, to assist in breeding programs. To this end, shoots were used, grown on Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with 2% of sucrose and 4 g.L-1 Phytagel, in the presence of five concentrations 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM NaCl. Shoots length, roots length, shoots number, roots number, fresh weight, dry weight, proline content in leaves, total chlorophyll content, and morphological changes to the leaf tissue were analyzed. The in vitro growth of accessions Saccharum robustum, Saccharum spp. and Saccharum officinarum are affected by salinity induced by NaCl. The proline accumulation and chlorophyll decrease are intensified in Saccharum spp., in addition to changes in cell's anatomy, characterized as more sensitive to salt.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the auxin 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic) in calli formation from leaf and nodal segments of genipap and to characterize its growth curve. Explants obtained from shoots previously established from in vitro seedlings were used for calli induction. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x5x2 factorial with three accessions (NB, SA, SAL), five concentrations of 2,4-D (0.0; 2.0; 4.0, 6.0 or 8.0 mg L-1) and two times of measurement for calli fresh weight (30 and 60 days). There was callus formation in all treatments tested. It was observed that the best response for callus induction from leaf segments was with 2.0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. For the nodal segment, the response among the accessions was different due to 2,4-D concentrations. The growth curve was plotted according to the fresh weight of callus obtained at intervals of 10 days up to 60 days. Through the established growth curve, the nodal-derived calli from accession SA should be transferred to a new medium, after 40 days of culture.

Genipa americana (jenipapeiro) é uma essência florestal pertencente à família Rubiaceae, que apresenta importância econômica e ambiental, sendo valorizada para produção de alimentos, na recuperação de áreas degradadas, na composição em áreas de preservação permanentes e em sistemas agroflorestais. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes tempos de desidratação em câmara de fluxo laminar e tempos de imersão em solução crioprotetora (MS+0,5M de sacarose) na capacidade regenerativa de ápices caulinares da espécie para estabelecimento de futuros protocolos de criopreservação. Os ápices caulinares foram obtidos de plântulas, acesso Oiteiros, germinadas e cultivadas in vitro. Os explantes foram submetidos ao encapsulamento e a diferentes tempos de imersão em solução crioprotetora e tempos de desidratação em câmara de fluxo laminar. A crioproteção e a desidratação não alteram a viabilidade dos ápices caulinares de jenipapeiro encapsulados ou não encapsulados. A imersão por 24 horas em solução crioprotetora e a desidratação em câmara de fluxo laminar por 2 horas apresentam potencial para uso em futuros trabalhos de criopreservação por encapsulamento-desidratação.

The goal of this paper was to study the morphogenetic responses of jenipapo explants in differ-ent culture conditions in vitro to support multiplication and in vitro production of secondary metabolites proto-cols. After 90 days of cultivation, the jenipapo seedlings were segmented (nodal and leaf segments) and trans-ferred to MS medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose and different concentrations of 2.4 2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid -2.4-D (0; 4 and 8 mg L-1) combined with four concentrations of benzilamino-purine- BAP (0; 1; 2 and 3 mg L-1). After 120 days the percentage of explants with morphogenetic response, as is the formation of calluses and/or organogenesis was evaluated. The 2.4-D at concentrations of 4 and 8 mg L-1 induces an increase in morphogenetic response, especially in callus formation, of leaf and nodal segments. The BAP 1.77 mg L-1 induces increased callus formation in leaf segments and induces their higher shoot regenera-tion in leaf and nodal segments. The concentrations of 2.4- D and BAP studied do not induce the formation of somatic embryogenesis in leaf and nodal segments of jenipapo SIR access.

Breeding genotypes need to be characterized and evaluated in different soil and climatic conditions. There are few studies on association between characters evaluated and their contribution to banana genetic diversity, being essential to guide genetic breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characters of banana genotypes, to estimate associations between characters, to determine the relative importance of characters to study on genetic dissimilarity, and to indicate new genotypes to coastal plain region of Sergipe. Fruits from thirteen genotypes were used: Prata (FHIA-18, BRS Platina, PV94-01, BRS Garantida, YB42-47, Pacovan, and Prata Anã), Maçã (BRS Princesa, BRS Tropical, and Maçã), Ibota (Caipira), Gros Michel (Bucaneiro), and Mysore (Thap Maeo). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with thirteen genotypes and three replications. There is physicochemical variability of fruits between genotypes of same genomic group and subgroup, and between hybrids originated from same progenitor. Content of total sugars has greater contribution to genetic diversity among the genotypes, followed by fruit mass and pulp mass, and starch content in two cycles. Associations between fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit mass and pulp mass in two production cycles based on phenotypic correlation are highly significant. Hybrids FHIA-18, PA94-01, YB42-47, and BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa, and Bucaneiro cultivars are promising for recommendation on coastal plain regions.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro morphogenic potential of genipap (Genipa americana L.) zygotic embryos. Seeds obtained from ripe fruits had their zygotic embryos excised and inoculated in MS medium with 4.44µM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and supplemented with 0.0; 1.07; 2.14 and 3.21µM of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The potential of explants regeneration and the shoot length and number of leaves in plantlets were evaluated. The in vitro regeneration of genipap is possible from the conversion of zygotic embryos in a MS medium with 4.44µM BAP supplemented with 3.21µM NAA.

Usually known as jenipapo, Genipa americana L. is a Rubiaceae Brazilian native species. It is an important species in the restoration of Brazilian riparian forests and is one of the most promising fruit trees for sustainable harvesting programs. In this study we provide the first data on the genetic diversity and structure of a Jenipapo Germplasm Bank using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. We evaluated 160 accessions from wild populations, and the data generated from 12 ISSR primers were used to determine genetic variability via a model-based Bayesian procedure (Structure) and molecular variance analysis. In addition, Shannon index, genetic diversity and Jaccard coefficients were estimated. A total of 12 primers were used, which generated 123 polymorphic fragments. Four groups were formed from the analysis of the fragments, and the CR1-2 genotype was isolated, being more divergent than the other genotypes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a concentração de manitol para a germinação e crescimento mínimo in vitro do coqueiro (Cocos nucifera). Os seguintes acessos foram utilizados: Anão-vermelho-do brasil-de-gramame (BRDG), Anão-amarelo-da-malásia (MYD), Gigante-do-brasil-praia-do-forte (BRA), Gigante-da-polinésia (PYT) e Gigante-de-rennel (RIT). Os embriões foram colocados em meio de cultura Y3 a diferentes concentrações de manitol (0, 0,1, 0,2, 0,3 e 0,4 mol L-1). Verificou-se inibição do crescimento da parte aérea na presença de 0,1, 0,2 e 0,3 mol L-1, para MYD e BRDG, e de 0,1 e 0,2 mol L-1, para PYT, BRA e RIT. O uso do manitol é uma estratégia promissora para a conservação por crescimento mínimo.

There are few reports in literature on the in vitro behavior of cambui tree (Myrciaria tenella O. Berg) and acclimatization conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of culture media on in vitro germination and the effect of different substrates on the acclimatization of two Myrciaria tenella types. The study was carried out at the Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Aracaju, SE. Seeds were extracted from fruits of two Myrciaria tenella types: Orange and Purple Types. The seeds were inoculated in the following culture media: T1 - MS medium + 30g L -1 sucrose, T2 - 1/2 MS medium + 15g L -1 sucrose and T3 - control without MS salts. To study the effect of substrates on acclimatization, seedlings were transferred to plastic containers with capacity of 300cm 3 containing the following sterilized substrates: S1 - soil and powdered coconut husk - SPC (1:1 by volume); S2 - soil, washed sand and powdered coconut husk - SAPC (1:1:1 by volume) and S3 - Biomix (r) commercial substrate - SC. The medium without MS salts promoted 100% in vitro germination and 1/2 MS medium greater development of seedlings. All substrates studied are suitable for acclimatization of seedlings germinated in vitro. Myrciaria tenella of yellow type showed greater vigor during acclimatization.

This research had as objective to characterize genetically individuals of physic nut cultivated in experimental areas in Sergipe, Brazil by means of RAPD molecular markers. Leaves of 40 individuals were collected and DNA was isolated using CTAB 2% method. Were used 30 primers RAPD for DNA amplification, and this data was used to estimate the genetic similarity among the pairs of individuals, using Jaccard coefficient, and group them out for the UPGMA method. Also, the genetic structure and diversity of the populations were assessed using AMOVA. Of the 100 fragments generated, 29 of were polymorphic. A similarity average of 0.54 among the individuals was found and the amplitude similarities varied from 0.18 to 1.00. One of them (U5) was unit clusters and formed by the most divergent individuals. AMOVA indicated that there is more variation within (63%) the population. In conclusion, it was possible verify genetic variability in physic nut using RAPD markers at these experimental areas.O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar genótipos de pinhão manso cultivados em áreas experimentais do Estado de Sergipe no Brasil, por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD. Foi utilizada a metodologia CTBA 2% para extração do DNA de 40 genótipos e para a amplificação do DNA foram utilizados 30 primers RAPD. Os dados foram utilizados para estimar a similaridade genética entre pares de genótipos, usando o coeficiente de Jaccard e o método UPGMA para agrupamento e avaliação da estrutura genética e diversidade de populações usando AMOVA. Fragmentos (100) foram gerados, sendo 29 polimórficos. A similaridade encontrada foi de 0,54 entre genótipos, sendo que a amplitude variou de 0,18 a 1,00. O genótipo U5 foi o mais divergente, agrupado isoladamente dos demais. A AMOVA indicou que a maior variação é encontrada dentro da população (63%). É possível verificar a variabilidade genética em pinhão manso usando marcadores RAPD nas áreas experimentais estudadas.

The cambuí tree (Myrciaria tenella O. Berg) is native to Brazil and its fruits are harvested by extraction for fresh consumption in the state of Sergipe (Brazil). Because of the regional importance of the species, this work aims to characterize the cambuí fruits and seeds. The fruits were harvested mature from native trees in the Reserva do Caju Experimental Field, on Itaporanga d’Ajuda (Sergipe, Brazil), belonging to Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros. Two hundred fruits and seeds were biometrically analyzed. In addition, we evaluated the fruit, pulp, and seed color based on RHS Color Chart. Two different skin colors were found: 1. yellow [orange - red (group 32A)] with yellow pulp [yellow - orange (group 17A)]; and 2. purple [violet -blue (group 93A)] with red pulp [red - purple (group 60A)]. The seeds have only one color, green [yellow-green (group 152A)] with dark stripes [Brown (group 200C)]. The fruits mean diameter was 9.23 mm.fruit-1, and average width 8.50 mm.fruit-1. The seeds mean diameter was 5.34 mm.seed-1, mean width 6.52 mm.seed-1 and thickness 5.08 mm.seed-1. The cambuí is a little red fruit. The biometry had a high variability as expected, because it is a native species without any type of management.=Resumo - O cambuí (Myrciaria tenella O. Berg) é nativo do Brasil e os frutos são colhidos por extrativismo para consumo in natura no estado de Sergipe (Brasil). Por causa da importância regional da espécie, objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar os frutos e sementes de cambuí. Os frutos foram colhidos maduros provenientes de plantas nativas do Campo Experimental Reserva do Caju, no município de Itaporanga d’Ajuda (Sergipe, Brasil) pertencente a Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros. Foram analisados 200 frutos e sementes biometricamente. Além disso, caracterizou-se a cor da fruta, da polpa, e da semente com base na cartela de cores RHS. Foram identificados duas cores diferentes para a fruta: 1. de cor amarela [laranja - vermelho (grupo32A)], com polpa amarela [amarelo - laranja (grupo 17A)], e 2. com cor roxa [violeta - azul (grupo 93A)], com polpa vermelha [vermelho - roxo (grupo 60A)]. As sementes foram de uma só cor, verde [verde-amarelo (grupo 152A)], com listras escuras [Marrom (grupo 200C)]. O diâmetro médio dos frutos foi de 9,23 mm.fruto-1, e a média da largura 8,50 mm.fruto-1. O diâmetro médio das sementes foi de 5,34 mm.semente-1, 6,52 mm.semente-1 para a largura, e a espessura média de 5,08 mm.semente-1. O cambuí é um pequeno fruto vermelho. A biometria de sementes de cambuí são altamente variáveis, sendo justificado por seruma espécie nativa.

In micropropagation, especially for mangaba tree botanical variety of Northeastern Brazil, limiting aspects such as ethylene accumulation in the cultivation flask and loss of vigor in subcultures have been observed. This study was aimed at assessing the technical and scientific knowledge of the in vitro propagation of botanical mangaba tree variety and at improving the micropropagation protocol, establishing the in vitro cultivation time, the best type of flask sealing and explant at different micropropagation stages. For the establishment phase and for the first and second subcultures, the MS medium with 3% sucrose and 0.6% agar, supplemented with 1 mg L-1 IAA and 1 mg L-1 BA was used. Evaluations were performed at 30, 50 and 65 days of in vitro cultivation. The best types of flask sealing for the establishment phase were the PVC film and Para-film® and for the first subculture the Para-film® seal. In the second subculture the PVC film and Para-film® seals promoted the best growth. The median and basal nodal segments presented the best performance in the first subculture. No significant effect of explant type was observed in the second subculture. The ideal subculture interval in the establishment phase and the first and second subcultures is 50 days.Na micropropagação, especialmente para mangaba, variedade botânica da árvore do Nordeste do Brasil, aspectos limitantes, como acúmulo de etileno no recipiente de cultivo e perda de vigor em subculturas têm sido observados. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o conhecimento técnico e científico da propagação in vitro de mangabeira, variedade botânica do Nordeste do Brasil, e melhorar o protocolo de micropropagação, o melhor tipo de vedação frasco e explante em diferentes etapas. Para a fase de estabelecimento e para as subculturas primeiro e segundo, foi utlizado o meio MS com 3% de sacarose e agar 0,6%, suplementado com 1 mg L-1 de AIA e 1 mg L-1 de BAP. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30, 50 e 65 dias de cultivo in vitro. Os melhores tipos de vedação para a fase de estabelecimento foram o filme PVC e Para-filme® e, para o primeiro subcultivo, o Para-filme®. No segundo subcultivo, o filme PVC e Para-filme® promoveram o melhor crescimento in vitro. Os segmentos nodais médio e basal apresentaram melhor desempenho no primeiro subcultivo. Nenhum efeito significativo do tipo de explante foi observado no segundo subcultivo. O intervalo de tempo ideal para as fases de estabelecimento, primeiro e segundo subcultivos é de 50 dias.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a variabilidade genética de acessos de mangaba provenientes de populações naturais, de 11 localidades, com marcadores RAPD. Os acessos pertencem ao Banco Ativo de Mangaba da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, em Itaporanga d'Ajuda, SE. Foram utilizados 13 iniciadores, que geraram 82 fragmentos, dos quais 78 (95%) eram polimórficos. A análise genética entre localidades apresentou baixa diversidade genética; entretanto, a similaridade genética variou de 0,02 a 0,91, para os 55 acessos. Foi possível identificar grupos divergentes por meio dos agrupamentos UPGMA e ACoP. Os acessos menos similares foram provenientes de Ipiranguinha (Conde, PB) e Preguiça (Indiaroba, SE), e os mais semelhantes de Jandaíra (Costa Azul, BA). Do conjunto total, 49 acessos foram geneticamente distintos e seis semelhantes. Por meio dos marcadores RAPD, foi possível obter um perfil molecular único, além de estimar a variabilidade existente entre os acessos avaliados. O Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Mangaba da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros apresenta baixa diversidade genética entre as localidades.

Due the expansion of atemoya cultivation and its increasing consumption in the principal Brazilian markets, it is necessary to investigate the postharvest physiology of fruit as well as the use of technologies to increase their shelf life. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the quality attributes of atemoya 'Gefner' harvested in two maturation stages. The fruit, from commercial plantation located in Neopólis, SE, Brazil, were evaluated at harvest and after three days, staying at 25 ° C throughout the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 4 (maturity stage x time), with five replicates. The characteristics evaluated were: color, firmness, weight loss, color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TTA), pH and vitamin C. The color, the mass loss and the SS and ATT increased during storage, with decrease in pH and a dramatic reduction in the level of vitamin C. The storage time directly influenced all traits. Among the stages of maturation, only firmness differed significantly and may be used as an indicator of ripeness.

A ausência de sementes tem sido uma característica bastante exigida pelos consumidores de uvas de mesa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcas moleculares associadas à ausência de sementes, utilizando as técnicas RAPD e fAFLP. Foram utilizadas folhas jovens de 19 cultivares. Na análise RAPD 30, iniciadores possibilitaram amplificação de todas as amostras, produzindo 392 bandas polimórficas. Foi possível encontrar uma marca específica para a ausência de sementes, utilizando o iniciador UBC 443, que poderá futuramente ser utilizado para o desenvolvimento de marcadores SCAR, possibilitando a criação de um teste de identificação rápida e precoce de apirenia em videira. A análise fAFLP proporcionou a visualização de um dendrograma com grupos específicos de cultivares com sementes, sem sementes e porta enxertos.Seedless has been an important characteristic of table grapes required by consumers. The objective was to identify molecular markers associated to seedless, by RAPD and fAFLP techniques with young leaves samples of 19 cultivars. Thirty primers were used for RAPD analysis, producing a total of 337 polymorphic bands. It was also to find a specific mark for seedless, using UBC 443 primer. This mark would be transformed in a scar marker, making possible the early identification of seedless grape possible. The fAFLP analysis provided a visualization of a dendrogram with specific groups, separated in three different cultivars: with seeds, without seeds and the rootstocks.

Avaliou-se a qualidade pós-colheita de manga 'Tommy Atkins' submetida a aplicação pré-colheita de CaCl2 e armazenamento refrigerado. Os fatores estudados foram concentrações de CaCl2 (1% e 2%) e números de aplicações (2,3 e 4 vezes). Houve ainda um tratamento adicional, que funcionou como controle. As pulverizações foliares foram iniciadas cerca de 35 dias após antese, num intervalo de 15 dias. Do total de 280 frutos colhidos, 175 foram levados para análise imediata, enquanto que 105 permaneceram em câmara fria (10ºC) por 30 dias, sendo posteriormente analisados. As concentrações de CaCl2 testadas não resultaram em incremento do teor de cálcio no fruto e também não influenciaram as características de qualidade avaliadas. Houve efeito do número de aplicações de CaCl2 sobre a textura, sólidos solúveis (após 30 dias) e açúcares solúveis totais (após a colheita). A incidência de colapso interno não foi associada a aplicação de cálcio.The postharvest quality of 'Tommy Atkins' mango was evaluated after the preharvest application of CaCl2 and refrigerated storage. The studied factors were concentrations of CaCl2 (1% e 2%) and numbers of applications (2, 3 and 4 times). The spraying began 35 days after antese in intervals of 15 days. Of the 280 harvested fruits, 175 were taken for immediate analysis, while 105, were left in a cold chamber (10ºC) during 30 days for later analysis. Significant difference was observed between the tested concentrations of CaCl2 and the witness, for most of the appraised quality characteristics, except for total sugars (fruits analyzed after 30 days), while the number of applications presented influence on the texture, soluble solids (after 30 days) and total soluble sugars (after the harvest).

Twenty genotypes from natural population of mangaba located in Itaporanga D’Ajuda (Sergipe state - Brazil) were subjected to analysis using RAPD markers. Polymorphism, genetic diversity and structure parameters were determined to characterize the differences between plants. 60 DNA fragments were generated by 10 primers, 85% of which were polymorphic. Results show a quantitative genetic diversity value of 0.35 and a Shannon index of 0.46 in the population. The similarity among the specimens according to Jaccard’s coefficient ranged from 0.36 to 0.87. Using cluster analysis it was possible to indentify five groups. Three individuals also stand out since they presented significant divergence from the groups. The PCoA formed four groups, with three of the groups isolated from the others. This investigation showed that genetic diversity was relatively large among these individuals. In addition, the results demonstrated that RAPD markers are a useful tool for evaluating the genetic diversity and relationships among mangaba.

O presente trabalho foi realizado em condições de ripado, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho da enxertia a inglês simples, em dois tipos de porta-enxerto (pé-franco e alporquia), em combinação com três tipos de anelamento do ramo (sem anelamento, e ramos anelados duas e quatro semanas antes da retirada do garfo), em lichia. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e três repetições. Foi somente observada diferença significativa para o tipo pé-franco, que revelou os melhores resultados.

The Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a tree species with the known value of food, medicine and water treatment, and is promising for bioenergy use. Our objective was to evaluate, using RAPD markers, the genetic diversity of sixteen accessions from Germplasm Bank (BAG) of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, Sergipe, Brazil. We estimate the diversity indices, and genetic similarity between accessions. The Shannon index and the index of genetic diversity (H) were 0.33 and 0.22, respectively. We observed by Jaccard similarity that, the accessions MO1 and MO12 are the most similar (0.27), and MO13 and MO16 are the most divergent (0.69). By UPGMA and PCoA groupings, we identified that MO1, MO2, MO12 and MO13 are genetically isolated. The results are important in designing strategies for conservation, but because of low diversity detected in this investigation, new activities of collection should be realized, with integration and characterization of new accessions, to ensure the ever increasing diversity of the collection.

O presente trabalho foi realizado no município de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, microrregião Açu-Apodi, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, tendo como objetivo verificar os efeitos do sistema de irrigação por aspersão na densidade do sistema radicular da bananeira 'Pacovan'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram duas amostragens por planta, realizadas do lado contrário ao da emissão da inflorescência, formando um ângulo de 45º. Em cada amostragem, foram realizadas quatro retiradas do material de solo a distâncias de 20 cm, sendo a primeira a 30 cm e a última a 90 cm do pseudocaule. A análise dos dados demonstrou que ocorreu redução linear no peso fresco e na densidade de comprimento de raízes da bananeira em função da profundidade do solo. Em relação à distância do pseudocaule da bananeira, tanto o peso fresco quanto a densidade de comprimento de raízes não mostraram resultados significativos.The present work was conducted at Governador Dix-Sept Rosado County, microregion Açu-Apodi, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and its objective was to study the effects of sprinkler irrigation system on the density of the root system of 'Pacovan' banana plants. The experiment followed a completely randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme, with five replications. The treatments were two sampling groups, taken per plant, and in the opposite side of the inflorescence emission, forming between them an angle of 45°. In each sampling group, four samples containing soil material were collected at intervals of 20 cm, so the first was distant 30 cm and the last 90 cm from the pseudostem. Data analysis showed that occurred a linear reduction in root fresh weight and in lenght of roots density, in replications to soil depth. For the distance from the plant pseudostem there were no significant differences between samples, both for root fresh weight and lenght of roots density.

ABSTRACT The state of Sergipe is the largest mangaba producer, which is a fruit native to Brazil, and has cultural, social and economic importance in its area of occurrence. It is an endangered species due to human actions, and despite its economic potential, there are still no commercial plantations. The study was carried out in order to characterize trees, fruits and the genetic diversity of natural populations of mangaba in Sergipe, Brazil. Fruits from Abaís Beach/Estância (AB) presented, on average, twice the vitamin C content (414.81 mg of vit. C/100g), when compared with the others. The use of ISSR primers was efficient in estimating the genetic similarity of populations. The primers clustered the populations of mangaba according to their origin, which indicates the genetic diversity of mangaba and their isolation. The results can be used to guide the selection of individuals in situ and ex situ conservation actions of these genetic resources.

ABSTRACT: Seed size and its physiology are a barrier for the exchange of coconut genetics resources and the tissue culture techniques can assist the germplasm bank enrichment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transport and storage procedures of zygotic embryos to promote the exchange of coconut accessions. Mature zygotic embryo from Cameroon red dwarf (CRD), Malayan yellow dwarf (MYD) and Malayan red dwarf (MRD) were used. The following treatments were evaluated: T1-storage of endosperm disc in plastic bags at 10±2°C for 5 days; T2 - 8 days; T3 - 12 days; T4 - embryo excised and inoculated in micro tube with Y3 culture medium with no sucrose for 2 days and T5 - five embryos inoculated in Y3 culture medium without sucrose in Petri dish for 2 days. T5 treatment resulted in low bacterial contamination.