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1. The importance of variance and microsite conditions for growth and hydraulic responses following long-term rewetting in pedunculate oak wood

Author: Resente, Giulia, Di Fabio, Alessandro, Scharnweber, Tobias, Gillert, Alexander, Crivellaro, Alan, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Trouillier, Mario, Kreyling, Juergen, and Wilmking, Martin
Published: 2024
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2. Iterative Next Boundary Detection for Instance Segmentation of Tree Rings in Microscopy Images of Shrub Cross Sections

Author: Gillert, Alexander, Resente, Giulia, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Wilmking, Martin, and von Lukas, Uwe Freiherr
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: We address the problem of detecting tree rings in microscopy images of shrub cross sections. This can be regarded as a special case of the instance segmentation task with several unique challenges such as the concentric circular ring shape of the objects and high precision requirements that result in inadequate performance of existing methods. We propose a new iterative method which we term Iterative Next Boundary Detection (INBD). It intuitively models the natural growth direction, starting from the center of the shrub cross section and detecting the next ring boundary in each iteration step. In our experiments, INBD shows superior performance to generic instance segmentation methods and is the only one with a built-in notion of chronological order. Our dataset and source code are available at http://github.com/alexander-g/INBD., Comment: CVPR 2023
Published: 2022

3. Plant traits poorly predict winner and loser shrub species in a warming tundra biome

Author: García Criado, Mariana, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Bjorkman, Anne D., Normand, Signe, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Eskelinen, Anu, Happonen, Konsta, Alatalo, Juha M., Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Aubin, Isabelle, te Beest, Mariska, Betway-May, Katlyn R., Blok, Daan, Buras, Allan, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Christie, Katherine, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Forbes, Bruce C., Frei, Esther R., Grogan, Paul, Hermanutz, Luise, Hollister, Robert D., Hudson, James, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kleyer, Michael, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lévesque, Esther, Luoto, Miska, Macek, Petr, May, Jeremy L., Prevéy, Janet S., Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Sheremetiev, Serge N., Siegwart Collier, Laura, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Trant, Andrew, Venn, Susanna E., and Virkkala, Anna-Maria
Published: 2023
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4. Iterative Next Boundary Detection for Instance Segmentation of Tree Rings in Microscopy Images of Shrub Cross Sections.

Author: Alexander Gillert, Giulia Resente, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Martin Wilmking, and Uwe Freiherr von Lukas
Published: 2023
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5. Plant traits poorly predict winner and loser shrub species in a warming tundra biome

Author: Mariana García Criado, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Anne D. Bjorkman, Signe Normand, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Haydn J. D. Thomas, Anu Eskelinen, Konsta Happonen, Juha M. Alatalo, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Isabelle Aubin, Mariska te Beest, Katlyn R. Betway-May, Daan Blok, Allan Buras, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Katherine Christie, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Bruce C. Forbes, Esther R. Frei, Paul Grogan, Luise Hermanutz, Robert D. Hollister, James Hudson, Maitane Iturrate-Garcia, Elina Kaarlejärvi, Michael Kleyer, Laurent J. Lamarque, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Esther Lévesque, Miska Luoto, Petr Macek, Jeremy L. May, Janet S. Prevéy, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Serge N. Sheremetiev, Laura Siegwart Collier, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Andrew Trant, Susanna E. Venn, and Anna-Maria Virkkala
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Climate change is leading to species redistributions. In the tundra biome, shrubs are generally expanding, but not all tundra shrub species will benefit from warming. Winner and loser species, and the characteristics that may determine success or failure, have not yet been fully identified. Here, we investigate whether past abundance changes, current range sizes and projected range shifts derived from species distribution models are related to plant trait values and intraspecific trait variation. We combined 17,921 trait records with observed past and modelled future distributions from 62 tundra shrub species across three continents. We found that species with greater variation in seed mass and specific leaf area had larger projected range shifts, and projected winner species had greater seed mass values. However, trait values and variation were not consistently related to current and projected ranges, nor to past abundance change. Overall, our findings indicate that abundance change and range shifts will not lead to directional modifications in shrub trait composition, since winner and loser species share relatively similar trait spaces.
Published: 2023
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6. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome.

Author: Thomas, H, Bjorkman, A, Myers-Smith, I, Elmendorf, S, Kattge, J, Diaz, S, Vellend, M, Blok, D, Cornelissen, J, Forbes, B, Henry, G, Hollister, R, Normand, S, Prevéy, J, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, W, Beck, P, Georges, D, Goetz, S, Guay, K, Rüger, N, Soudzilovskaia, N, Spasojevic, Marko, Alatalo, J, Alexander, H, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Te Beest, M, Berner, L, Björk, R, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, K, Collier, L, Cooper, E, Elberling, B, Eskelinen, A, Frei, E, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, M, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, J, Johnstone, J, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, C, Jaroszynska, F, Kaarlejarvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, L, Lantz, T, Lévesque, E, Little, C, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, S, Ninot, J, Oberbauer, S, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, V, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, S, Shetti, R, Speed, J, Suding, K, Tape, K, Tomaselli, M, Trant, A, Treier, U, Tremblay, M, Venn, S, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Wookey, P, Zamin, T, Bahn, M, Blonder, Benjamin, van Bodegom, P, Bond-Lamberty, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, B, Chapin, F, Craine, J, Dainese, M, Green, W, Jansen, S, Kleyer, M, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, W, Peñuelas, J, and Poschlod, P
Subjects: Climate, Ecosystem, Plant Development, Plants, Tundra
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020

7. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome.

Author: Thomas, HJD, Myers-Smith, IH, Bjorkman, AD, Elmendorf, SC, Blok, D, Cornelissen, JHC, Forbes, BC, Hollister, RD, Normand, S, Prevéy, JS, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, WK, Kattge, J, Goetz, SJ, Guay, KC, Alatalo, JM, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Berner, LT, Björk, RG, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, K, Siegwart Collier, L, Cooper, EJ, Eskelinen, A, Frei, ER, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, MMPD, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, JMG, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, CM, Jaroszynska, F, Johnstone, JF, Kaarlejärvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, LJ, Lévesque, E, Little, CJ, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, SS, Ninot, JM, Oberbauer, SF, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, VG, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, SB, Semenchuk, PR, Soudzilovskaia, NA, Spasojevic, MJ, Speed, JDM, Tape, KD, Te Beest, M, Tomaselli, M, Trant, A, Treier, UA, Venn, S, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Zamin, T, Atkin, OK, Bahn, M, Blonder, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, BEL, Chapin Iii, FS, Dainese, M, de Vries, FT, Díaz, S, Green, W, Jackson, RB, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Ozinga, WA, Peñuelas, J, Reich, PB, Schamp, B, Sheremetev, S, and van Bodegom, PM
Subjects: cluster analysis, community composition, ecosystem function, plant functional groups, plant functional types, plant traits, tundra biome, vegetation change, Ecology, Ecological Applications, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract: AimPlant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits.LocationTundra biome.Time periodData collected between 1964 and 2016.Major taxa studied295 tundra vascular plant species.MethodsWe compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits.ResultsTraditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression.Main conclusionsTraditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling.
Published: 2019

8. Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author: Bjorkman, Anne D, Myers‐Smith, Isla H, Elmendorf, Sarah C, Normand, Signe, Thomas, Haydn JD, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Heather, Anadon‐Rosell, Alba, Angers‐Blondin, Sandra, Bai, Yang, Baruah, Gaurav, Beest, Mariska te, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G, Blok, Daan, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Carbognani, Michele, Christie, Katherine, Collier, Laura S, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Dickinson, Katharine JM, Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Forbes, Bruce C, Frei, Esther R, Iturrate‐Garcia, Maitane, Good, Megan K, Grau, Oriol, Green, Peter, Greve, Michelle, Grogan, Paul, Haider, Sylvia, Hájek, Tomáš, Hallinger, Martin, Happonen, Konsta, Harper, Karen A, Heijmans, Monique MPD, Henry, Gregory HR, Hermanutz, Luise, Hewitt, Rebecca E, Hollister, Robert D, Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iversen, Colleen M, Jaroszynska, Francesca, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, Johnstone, Jill, Jorgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Klimešová, Jitka, Korsten, Annika, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J, Lantz, Trevor, Lavalle, Amanda, Lembrechts, Jonas J, Lévesque, Esther, Little, Chelsea J, Luoto, Miska, Macek, Petr, Mack, Michelle C, Mathakutha, Rabia, Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Molau, Ulf, Morgan, John W, Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons, Nabe‐Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M, Oberbauer, Steven F, Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G, Petraglia, Alessandro, Pickering, Catherine, Prevéy, Janet S, Rixen, Christian, Rumpf, Sabine B, Schaepman‐Strub, Gabriela, Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Spasojevic, Marko J, Speed, James David Mervyn, Street, Lorna E, Suding, Katharine, Tape, Ken D, Tomaselli, Marcello, Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A, Tremblay, Jean‐Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, and Virkkala, Anna‐Maria
Subjects: alpine, Arctic, plant functional traits, tundra, Ecology
Published: 2018

9. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome

Author: Bjorkman, Anne D, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Elmendorf, Sarah C, Normand, Signe, Rüger, Nadja, Beck, Pieter SA, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Blok, Daan, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Forbes, Bruce C, Georges, Damien, Goetz, Scott J, Guay, Kevin C, Henry, Gregory HR, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Hollister, Robert D, Karger, Dirk N, Kattge, Jens, Manning, Peter, Prevéy, Janet S, Rixen, Christian, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Thomas, Haydn JD, Vellend, Mark, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Carbognani, Michele, Hermanutz, Luise, Lévesque, Esther, Molau, Ulf, Petraglia, Alessandro, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Spasojevic, Marko J, Tomaselli, Marcello, Vowles, Tage, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Heather D, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Beest, Mariska te, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Christie, Katherine, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Frei, Esther R, Grau, Oriol, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Harper, Karen A, Heijmans, Monique MPD, Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Iversen, Colleen M, Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnstone, Jill F, Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J, Lantz, Trevor, Little, Chelsea J, Speed, James DM, Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M, Oberbauer, Steven F, Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G, Rumpf, Sabine B, Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Collier, Laura Siegwart, Street, Lorna E, Suding, Katharine N, Tape, Ken D, Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Weijers, Stef, Zamin, Tara, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Gould, William A, Hik, David S, Hofgaard, Annika, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jorgenson, Janet, Klein, Julia, and Magnusson, Borgthor
Subjects: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Climate Action, Biometry, Geographic Mapping, Global Warming, Humidity, Phenotype, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Plants, Soil, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Temperature, Tundra, Water, General Science & Technology
Abstract: The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature-trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
Published: 2018

10. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: H. J. D. Thomas, A. D. Bjorkman, I. H. Myers-Smith, S. C. Elmendorf, J. Kattge, S. Diaz, M. Vellend, D. Blok, J. H. C. Cornelissen, B. C. Forbes, G. H. R. Henry, R. D. Hollister, S. Normand, J. S. Prevéy, C. Rixen, G. Schaepman-Strub, M. Wilmking, S. Wipf, W. K. Cornwell, P. S. A. Beck, D. Georges, S. J. Goetz, K. C. Guay, N. Rüger, N. A. Soudzilovskaia, M. J. Spasojevic, J. M. Alatalo, H. D. Alexander, A. Anadon-Rosell, S. Angers-Blondin, M. te Beest, L. T. Berner, R. G. Björk, A. Buchwal, A. Buras, M. Carbognani, K. S. Christie, L. S. Collier, E. J. Cooper, B. Elberling, A. Eskelinen, E. R. Frei, O. Grau, P. Grogan, M. Hallinger, M. M. P. D. Heijmans, L. Hermanutz, J. M. G. Hudson, J. F. Johnstone, K. Hülber, M. Iturrate-Garcia, C. M. Iversen, F. Jaroszynska, E. Kaarlejarvi, A. Kulonen, L. J. Lamarque, T. C. Lantz, E. Lévesque, C. J. Little, A. Michelsen, A. Milbau, J. Nabe-Nielsen, S. S. Nielsen, J. M. Ninot, S. F. Oberbauer, J. Olofsson, V. G. Onipchenko, A. Petraglia, S. B. Rumpf, R. Shetti, J. D. M. Speed, K. N. Suding, K. D. Tape, M. Tomaselli, A. J. Trant, U. A. Treier, M. Tremblay, S. E. Venn, T. Vowles, S. Weijers, P. A. Wookey, T. J. Zamin, M. Bahn, B. Blonder, P. M. van Bodegom, B. Bond-Lamberty, G. Campetella, B. E. L. Cerabolini, F. S. Chapin, J. M. Craine, M. Dainese, W. A. Green, S. Jansen, M. Kleyer, P. Manning, Ü. Niinemets, Y. Onoda, W. A. Ozinga, J. Peñuelas, P. Poschlod, P. B. Reich, B. Sandel, B. S. Schamp, S. N. Sheremetiev, and F. T. de Vries
Subjects: Science
Abstract: It is unclear whether plant trait relationships found at the global scale extend to climatic extremes. Here the authors analyse six major aboveground traits to show that known plant trait relationships extend to the tundra biomes and exhibit the same two dimensions of variation detected at the global scale.
Published: 2020
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11. Growth and Wood Trait Relationships of Alnus glutinosa in Peatland Forest Stands With Contrasting Water Regimes

Author: Alba Anadon-Rosell, Tobias Scharnweber, Georg von Arx, Richard L. Peters, Marko Smiljanić, Simon Weddell, and Martin Wilmking
Subjects: alder carr, hydraulic traits, peatland restoration, waterlogging, wet forest, wood density, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: Human-driven peatland drainage has occurred in Europe for centuries, causing habitat degradation and leading to the emission of greenhouse gases. As such, in the last decades, there has been an increase in policies aiming at restoring these habitats through rewetting. Alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) is a widespread species in temperate forest peatlands with a seemingly high waterlogging tolerance. Yet, little is known about its specific response in growth and wood traits relevant for tree functioning when dealing with changing water table levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of rewetting and extreme flooding on alder growth and wood traits in a peatland forest in northern Germany. We took increment cores from several trees at a drained and a rewetted stand and analyzed changes in ring width, wood density, and xylem anatomical traits related to the hydraulic functioning, growth, and mechanical support for the period 1994–2018. This period included both the rewetting action and an extreme flooding event. We additionally used climate-growth and climate-density correlations to identify the stand-specific responses to climatic conditions. Our results showed that alder growth declined after an extreme flooding in the rewetted stand, whereas the opposite occurred in the drained stand. These changes were accompanied by changes in wood traits related to growth (i.e., number of vessels), but not in wood density and hydraulic-related traits. We found poor climate-growth and climate-density correlations, indicating that water table fluctuations have a stronger effect than climate on alder growth. Our results show detrimental effects on the growth of sudden water table changes leading to permanent waterlogging, but little implications for its wood density and hydraulic architecture. Rewetting actions should thus account for the loss of carbon allocation into wood and ensure suitable conditions for alder growth in temperate peatland forests.
Published: 2022
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12. Mask, Train, Repeat! Artificial Intelligence for Quantitative Wood Anatomy

Author: Giulia Resente, Alexander Gillert, Mario Trouillier, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Richard L. Peters, Georg von Arx, Uwe von Lukas, and Martin Wilmking
Subjects: artificial intelligence, wood anatomy, deep learning, lumen area, F1 score, ROXAS, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: The recent developments in artificial intelligence have the potential to facilitate new research methods in ecology. Especially Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) have been shown to outperform other approaches in automatic image analyses. Here we apply a DCNN to facilitate quantitative wood anatomical (QWA) analyses, where the main challenges reside in the detection of a high number of cells, in the intrinsic variability of wood anatomical features, and in the sample quality. To properly classify and interpret features within the images, DCNNs need to undergo a training stage. We performed the training with images from transversal wood anatomical sections, together with manually created optimal outputs of the target cell areas. The target species included an example for the most common wood anatomical structures: four conifer species; a diffuse-porous species, black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.); a diffuse to semi-diffuse-porous species, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.); and a ring-porous species, sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.). The DCNN was created in Python with Pytorch, and relies on a Mask-RCNN architecture. The developed algorithm detects and segments cells, and provides information on the measurement accuracy. To evaluate the performance of this tool we compared our Mask-RCNN outputs with U-Net, a model architecture employed in a similar study, and with ROXAS, a program based on traditional image analysis techniques. First, we evaluated how many target cells were correctly recognized. Next, we assessed the cell measurement accuracy by evaluating the number of pixels that were correctly assigned to each target cell. Overall, the “learning process” defining artificial intelligence plays a key role in overcoming the issues that are usually manually solved in QWA analyses. Mask-RCNN is the model that better detects which are the features characterizing a target cell when these issues occur. In general, U-Net did not attain the other algorithms’ performance, while ROXAS performed best for conifers, and Mask-RCNN showed the highest accuracy in detecting target cells and segmenting lumen areas of angiosperms. Our research demonstrates that future software tools for QWA analyses would greatly benefit from using DCNNs, saving time during the analysis phase, and providing a flexible approach that allows model retraining.
Published: 2021
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13. Direct and Indirect Effects of Environmental Limitations on White Spruce Xylem Anatomy at Treeline

Author: Timo Pampuch, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Mario Trouillier, Jelena Lange, and Martin Wilmking
Subjects: boreal forest, conduit reinforcement, drought limitation, hydraulic stability, Picea glauca, temperature limitation, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: Treeline ecosystems are of great scientific interest to study the effects of limiting environmental conditions on tree growth. However, tree growth is multidimensional, with complex interactions between height and radial growth. In this study, we aimed to disentangle effects of height and climate on xylem anatomy of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] at three treeline sites in Alaska; i.e., one warm and drought-limited, and two cold, temperature-limited. To analyze general growth differences between trees from different sites, we used data on annual ring width, diameter at breast height (DBH), and tree height. A representative subset of the samples was used to investigate xylem anatomical traits. We then used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the effects of height and climatic variables on our study traits. Our study showed that xylem anatomical traits in white spruce can be directly and indirectly controlled by environmental conditions: hydraulic-related traits seem to be mainly influenced by tree height, especially in the earlywood. Thus, they are indirectly driven by environmental conditions, through the environment’s effects on tree height. Traits related to mechanical support show a direct response to environmental conditions, mainly temperature, especially in the latewood. These results highlight the importance of assessing tree growth in a multidimensional way by considering both direct and indirect effects of environmental forcing to better understand the complexity of tree growth responses to the environment.
Published: 2021
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14. Land Use Alters the Drought Responses of Productivity and CO₂ Fluxes in Mountain Grassland

Author: Ingrisch, Johannes, Karlowsky, Stefan, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Hasibeder, Roland, König, Alexander, Augusti, Angela, Gleixner, Gerd, and Bahn, Michael
Published: 2018

15. Towards women-inclusive ecology: Representation, behavior, and perception of women at an international conference

Author: Anna Lupon, Pablo Rodríguez-Lozano, Mireia Bartrons, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Meritxell Batalla, Susana Bernal, Andrea G. Bravo, Pol Capdevila, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Núria Catalán, Ana Genua-Olmedo, Cayetano Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Maria João Feio, Federica Lucati, Gabriela Onandia, Sílvia Poblador, Roser Rotchés-Ribalta, Anna Sala-Bubaré, María Mar Sánchez-Montoya, Marta Sebastián, Aitziber Zufiaurre, and Ada Pastor
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Conferences are ideal platforms for studying gender gaps in science because they are important cultural events that reflect barriers to women in academia. Here, we explored women’s participation in ecology conferences by analyzing female representation, behavior, and personal experience at the 1st Meeting of the Iberian Society of Ecology (SIBECOL). The conference had 722 attendees, 576 contributions, and 27 scientific sessions. The gender of attendees and presenters was balanced (48/52% women/men), yet only 29% of the contributions had a woman as last author. Moreover, men presented most of the keynote talks (67%) and convened most of the sessions. Our results also showed that only 32% of the questions were asked by women, yet the number of questions raised by women increased when the speaker or the convener was a woman. Finally, the post-conference survey revealed that attendees had a good experience and did not perceive the event as a threatening context for women. Yet, differences in the responses between genders suggest that women tended to have a worse experience than their male counterparts. Although our results showed clear gender biases, most of the participants of the conference failed to detect it. Overall, we highlight the challenge of increasing women’s scientific leadership, visibility and interaction in scientific conferences and we suggest several recommendations for creating inclusive meetings, thereby promoting equal opportunities for all participants.
Published: 2021

16. Xylem Anatomical Variability in White Spruce at Treeline Is Largely Driven by Spatial Clustering

Author: Timo Pampuch, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Melanie Zacharias, Georg von Arx, and Martin Wilmking
Subjects: boreal forest, broad-sense heritability, clonal trees, spatial clustering, treeline, white spruce, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: The ecological function of boreal forests is challenged by drastically changing climate conditions. Although an increasing number of studies are investigating how climate change is influencing growth and distribution of boreal tree species, there is a lack of studies examining the potential of these species to genetically adapt or phenotypically adjust. Here, we sampled clonally and non-clonally growing white spruce trees (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) to investigate spatial and genetic effects on tree ring width and on six xylem anatomical traits representing growth, water transport, mechanical support, and wood density. We compared different methods for estimating broad sense heritability (H2) of each trait and we evaluated the effects of spatial grouping and genetic grouping on the xylem anatomical traits with linear models. We found that the three different methods used to estimate H2 were quite robust, showing overall consistent patterns, while our analyses were unsuccessful at fully separating genetic from spatial effects. By evaluating the effect size, we found a significant effect of genetic grouping in latewood density and earlywood hydraulic diameter. However, evaluating model performances showed that spatial grouping was a better predictor than genetic grouping for variance in earlywood density, earlywood hydraulic diameter and growth. For cell wall thickness neither spatial nor genetic grouping was significant. Our findings imply that (1) the variance in the investigated xylem anatomical traits and growth is mainly influenced by spatial clustering (most probably caused by microhabitat conditions), which (2) makes it rather difficult to estimate the heritability of these traits in naturally grown trees in situ. Yet, (3) latewood density and earlywood hydraulic diameter qualified for further analysis on the genetic background of xylem traits and (4) cell wall thickness seems a useful trait to investigate large-scale climatic effects, decoupled from microclimatic, edaphic and genetic influences.
Published: 2020
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17. Four years of experimental warming do not modify the interaction between subalpine shrub species

Author: Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Ninot, Josep M., Palacio, Sara, Grau, Oriol, Nogués, Salvador, Navarro, Enrique, Sancho, M. Carmen, and Carrillo, Empar
Published: 2017

18. The role of abiotic and biotic factors in functional structure and processes of alpine subshrub communities

Author: Illa, Estela, Ninot, Josep M., Anadon-Rosell, Alba, and Oliva, Francesc
Published: 2017

19. Iterative Next Boundary Detection for Instance Segmentation of Tree Rings in Microscopy Images of Shrub Cross Sections

Author: Gillert, Alexander, primary, Resente, Giulia, additional, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, additional, Wilmking, Martin, additional, and Von Lukas, Uwe Freiherr, additional
Published: 2023
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20. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size‐related traits across the tundra biome

Author: H. J. D. Thomas, I. H. Myers‐Smith, A. D. Bjorkman, S. C. Elmendorf, D. Blok, J. H. C. Cornelissen, B. C. Forbes, R. D. Hollister, S. Normand, J. S. Prevéy, C. Rixen, G. Schaepman‐Strub, M. Wilmking, S. Wipf, W. K. Cornwell, J. Kattge, S. J. Goetz, K. C. Guay, J. M. Alatalo, A. Anadon‐Rosell, S. Angers‐Blondin, L. T. Berner, R. G. Björk, A. Buchwal, A. Buras, M. Carbognani, K. Christie, L. Siegwart Collier, E. J. Cooper, A. Eskelinen, E. R. Frei, O. Grau, P. Grogan, M. Hallinger, M. M. P. D. Heijmans, L. Hermanutz, J. M. G. Hudson, K. Hülber, M. Iturrate‐Garcia, C. M. Iversen, F. Jaroszynska, J. F. Johnstone, E. Kaarlejärvi, A. Kulonen, L. J. Lamarque, E. Lévesque, C. J. Little, A. Michelsen, A. Milbau, J. Nabe‐Nielsen, S. S. Nielsen, J. M. Ninot, S. F. Oberbauer, J. Olofsson, V. G. Onipchenko, A. Petraglia, S. B. Rumpf, P. R. Semenchuk, N. A. Soudzilovskaia, M. J. Spasojevic, J. D. M. Speed, K. D. Tape, M. te Beest, M. Tomaselli, A. Trant, U. A. Treier, S. Venn, T. Vowles, S. Weijers, T. Zamin, O. K. Atkin, M. Bahn, B. Blonder, G. Campetella, B. E. L. Cerabolini, F. S. Chapin III, M. Dainese, F. T. de Vries, S. Díaz, W. Green, R. B. Jackson, P. Manning, Ü. Niinemets, W. A. Ozinga, J. Peñuelas, P. B. Reich, B. Schamp, S. Sheremetev, and P. M. van Bodegom
Published: 2018
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21. Plant traits poorly predict winner and loser shrub species in a warming tundra biome

Author: Sustainability Science and Education, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, García Criado, Mariana, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Bjorkman, Anne D., Normand, Signe, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Eskelinen, Anu, Happonen, Konsta, Alatalo, Juha M., Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Aubin, Isabelle, te Beest, Mariska, Betway-May, Katlyn R., Blok, Daan, Buras, Allan, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Christie, Katherine, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Forbes, Bruce C., Frei, Esther R., Grogan, Paul, Hermanutz, Luise, Hollister, Robert D., Hudson, James, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kleyer, Michael, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lévesque, Esther, Luoto, Miska, Macek, Petr, May, Jeremy L., Prevéy, Janet S., Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Sheremetiev, Serge N., Siegwart Collier, Laura, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Trant, Andrew, Venn, Susanna E., Virkkala, Anna-Maria, Sustainability Science and Education, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, García Criado, Mariana, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Bjorkman, Anne D., Normand, Signe, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Eskelinen, Anu, Happonen, Konsta, Alatalo, Juha M., Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Aubin, Isabelle, te Beest, Mariska, Betway-May, Katlyn R., Blok, Daan, Buras, Allan, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Christie, Katherine, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Forbes, Bruce C., Frei, Esther R., Grogan, Paul, Hermanutz, Luise, Hollister, Robert D., Hudson, James, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kleyer, Michael, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lévesque, Esther, Luoto, Miska, Macek, Petr, May, Jeremy L., Prevéy, Janet S., Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Sheremetiev, Serge N., Siegwart Collier, Laura, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Trant, Andrew, Venn, Susanna E., and Virkkala, Anna-Maria
Published: 2023

22. Plant traits poorly predict winner and loser shrub species in a warming tundra biome

Author: García Criado, M., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Normand, S., Blach-Overgaard, A., Thomas, H.J.D., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Happonen, K., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Aubin, I., te Beest, M., Betway-May, K.R., Blok, D., Buras, A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Christie, K., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Frei, E.R., Grogan, P., Hermanutz, L., Hollister, R.D., Hudson, J., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kleyer, M., Lamarque, L.J., Lembrechts, J.J., Lévesque, E., Luoto, M., Macek, P., May, J.L., Prevéy, J.S., Schaepman-Strub, G., Sheremetiev, S.N., Siegwart Collier, L., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Trant, A., Venn, S.E., Virkkala, A.-M., García Criado, M., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Normand, S., Blach-Overgaard, A., Thomas, H.J.D., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Happonen, K., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Aubin, I., te Beest, M., Betway-May, K.R., Blok, D., Buras, A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Christie, K., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Frei, E.R., Grogan, P., Hermanutz, L., Hollister, R.D., Hudson, J., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kleyer, M., Lamarque, L.J., Lembrechts, J.J., Lévesque, E., Luoto, M., Macek, P., May, J.L., Prevéy, J.S., Schaepman-Strub, G., Sheremetiev, S.N., Siegwart Collier, L., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Trant, A., Venn, S.E., and Virkkala, A.-M.
Abstract: Climate change is leading to species redistributions. In the tundra biome, shrubs are generally expanding, but not all tundra shrub species will benefit from warming. Winner and loser species, and the characteristics that may determine success or failure, have not yet been fully identified. Here, we investigate whether past abundance changes, current range sizes and projected range shifts derived from species distribution models are related to plant trait values and intraspecific trait variation. We combined 17,921 trait records with observed past and modelled future distributions from 62 tundra shrub species across three continents. We found that species with greater variation in seed mass and specific leaf area had larger projected range shifts, and projected winner species had greater seed mass values. However, trait values and variation were not consistently related to current and projected ranges, nor to past abundance change. Overall, our findings indicate that abundance change and range shifts will not lead to directional modifications in shrub trait composition, since winner and loser species share relatively similar trait spaces.
Published: 2023

23. Plant traits poorly predict winner and loser shrub species in a warming tundra biome

Author: García Criado, Mariana; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7480-6144, Myers-Smith, Isla H; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8417-6112, Bjorkman, Anne D; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-7800, Normand, Signe, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Thomas, Haydn J D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-6304, Eskelinen, Anu; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-5263, Happonen, Konsta, Alatalo, Juha M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-850X, Anadon-Rosell, Alba; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-7795, Aubin, Isabelle; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5953-1012, te Beest, Mariska; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-4105, Betway-May, Katlyn R; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5594-3047, Blok, Daan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-9303, Buras, Allan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-0681, Cerabolini, Bruno E L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-0733, Christie, Katherine; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-0700, Cornelissen, J Hans C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-1585, Forbes, Bruce C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5083, Frei, Esther R; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-7900, Grogan, Paul; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-875X, Hermanutz, Luise; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-7067, Hollister, Robert D; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-7691, Hudson, James, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Kaarlejärvi, Elina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-0073, Kleyer, Michael, Lamarque, Laurent J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1430-5193, Lembrechts, Jonas J, Lévesque, Esther; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-6032, et al, García Criado, Mariana; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7480-6144, Myers-Smith, Isla H; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8417-6112, Bjorkman, Anne D; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-7800, Normand, Signe, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Thomas, Haydn J D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-6304, Eskelinen, Anu; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-5263, Happonen, Konsta, Alatalo, Juha M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-850X, Anadon-Rosell, Alba; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-7795, Aubin, Isabelle; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5953-1012, te Beest, Mariska; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-4105, Betway-May, Katlyn R; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5594-3047, Blok, Daan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-9303, Buras, Allan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-0681, Cerabolini, Bruno E L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-0733, Christie, Katherine; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-0700, Cornelissen, J Hans C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-1585, Forbes, Bruce C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5083, Frei, Esther R; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-7900, Grogan, Paul; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-875X, Hermanutz, Luise; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-7067, Hollister, Robert D; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-7691, Hudson, James, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Kaarlejärvi, Elina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-0073, Kleyer, Michael, Lamarque, Laurent J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1430-5193, Lembrechts, Jonas J, Lévesque, Esther; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-6032, and et al
Abstract: Climate change is leading to species redistributions. In the tundra biome, shrubs are generally expanding, but not all tundra shrub species will benefit from warming. Winner and loser species, and the characteristics that may determine success or failure, have not yet been fully identified. Here, we investigate whether past abundance changes, current range sizes and projected range shifts derived from species distribution models are related to plant trait values and intraspecific trait variation. We combined 17,921 trait records with observed past and modelled future distributions from 62 tundra shrub species across three continents. We found that species with greater variation in seed mass and specific leaf area had larger projected range shifts, and projected winner species had greater seed mass values. However, trait values and variation were not consistently related to current and projected ranges, nor to past abundance change. Overall, our findings indicate that abundance change and range shifts will not lead to directional modifications in shrub trait composition, since winner and loser species share relatively similar trait spaces.
Published: 2023

24. Vaccinium myrtillus stands show similar structure and functioning under different scenarios of coexistence at the Pyrenean treeline

Author: Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Palacio, Sara, Nogués, Salvador, and Ninot, Josep M.
Published: 2016

25. Iterative Next Boundary Detection for Instance Segmentation of Tree Rings in Microscopy Images of Shrub Cross Sections

Author: Gillert, Alexander, Resente, Giulia, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Wilmking, Martin, and Lukas, Uwe Freiherr Von
Subjects: Research Line: Computer vision (CV), Branche: Bioeconomics and Infrastructure, Research Line: Machine learning (ML), Biological processes, Environmental monitoring, Environmental problems, LTA: Scalable architectures for massive data sets, LTA: Machine intelligence, algorithms, and data structures (incl. semantics)
Abstract: We address the problem of detecting tree rings in microscopy images of shrub cross sections. This can be regarded as a special case of the instance segmentation task with several unique challenges such as the concentric circular ring shape of the objects and high precision requirements that result in inadequate performance of existing methods. We propose a new iterative method which we term Iterative Next Boundary Detection (INBD). It intuitively models the natural growth direction, starting from the center of the shrub cross section and detecting the next ring boundary in each iteration step. In our experiments, INBD shows superior performance to generic instance segmentation methods and is the only one with a built-in notion of chronological order. Our dataset and source code are available at http://github.com/alexander-g/INBD.
Published: 2023
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26. From Understanding to Sustainable Use of Peatlands: The WETSCAPES Approach

Author: Gerald Jurasinski, Sate Ahmad, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Jacqueline Berendt, Florian Beyer, Ralf Bill, Gesche Blume-Werry, John Couwenberg, Anke Günther, Hans Joosten, Franziska Koebsch, Daniel Köhn, Nils Koldrack, Jürgen Kreyling, Peter Leinweber, Bernd Lennartz, Haojie Liu, Dierk Michaelis, Almut Mrotzek, Wakene Negassa, Sandra Schenk, Franziska Schmacka, Sarah Schwieger, Marko Smiljanić, Franziska Tanneberger, Laurenz Teuber, Tim Urich, Haitao Wang, Micha Weil, Martin Wilmking, Dominik Zak, and Nicole Wrage-Mönnig
Subjects: fen, paludiculture, rewetting, drainage, matter fluxes, interdisciplinary, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Of all terrestrial ecosystems, peatlands store carbon most effectively in long-term scales of millennia. However, many peatlands have been drained for peat extraction or agricultural use. This converts peatlands from sinks to sources of carbon, causing approx. 5% of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect and additional negative effects on other ecosystem services. Rewetting peatlands can mitigate climate change and may be combined with management in the form of paludiculture. Rewetted peatlands, however, do not equal their pristine ancestors and their ecological functioning is not understood. This holds true especially for groundwater-fed fens. Their functioning results from manifold interactions and can only be understood following an integrative approach of many relevant fields of science, which we merge in the interdisciplinary project WETSCAPES. Here, we address interactions among water transport and chemistry, primary production, peat formation, matter transformation and transport, microbial community, and greenhouse gas exchange using state of the art methods. We record data on six study sites spread across three common fen types (Alder forest, percolation fen, and coastal fen), each in drained and rewetted states. First results revealed that indicators reflecting more long-term effects like vegetation and soil chemistry showed a stronger differentiation between drained and rewetted states than variables with a more immediate reaction to environmental change, like greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Variations in microbial community composition explained differences in soil chemical data as well as vegetation composition and GHG exchange. We show the importance of developing an integrative understanding of managed fen peatlands and their ecosystem functioning.
Published: 2020
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27. Plant traits poorly predict winner and loser shrub species in a warming tundra biome

Author: García Criado, Mariana, primary, Myers-Smith, Isla, additional, Bjorkman, Anne, additional, Normand, Signe, additional, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, additional, Thomas, Haydn, additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Happonen, Konsta, additional, Alatalo, Juha, additional, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, additional, Aubin, Isabelle, additional, te Beest, Mariska, additional, Betway-May, Katlyn, additional, Blok, Daan, additional, Buras, Allan, additional, Cerabolini, Bruno, additional, Christie, Katherine, additional, Cornelissen, J. Hans, additional, Forbes, Bruce, additional, Frei, Esther, additional, Grogan, Paul, additional, Hermanutz, Luise, additional, Hollister, Robert, additional, Hudson, James, additional, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, additional, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, additional, Kleyer, Michael, additional, Lamarque, Laurent, additional, Lembrechts, Jonas, additional, Lévesque, Esther, additional, Luoto, Miska, additional, Macek, Petr, additional, May, Jeremy, additional, Prevéy, Janet, additional, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, additional, Sheremetiev, Serge, additional, Siegwart Collier, Laura, additional, Soudzilovskaia, Nadia, additional, Trant, Andrew, additional, Venn, Susanna, additional, and Virkkala, Anna-Maria, additional
Published: 2022
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28. Growth and Wood Trait Relationships of Alnus glutinosa in Peatland Forest Stands With Contrasting Water Regimes

Author: Anadon-Rosell, Alba, primary, Scharnweber, Tobias, additional, von Arx, Georg, additional, Peters, Richard L., additional, Smiljanić, Marko, additional, Weddell, Simon, additional, and Wilmking, Martin, additional
Published: 2022
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29. Towards women-inclusive ecology: Representation, behavior, and perception of women at an international conference

Author: Lupon, Anna, primary, Rodríguez-Lozano, Pablo, additional, Bartrons, Mireia, additional, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, additional, Batalla, Meritxell, additional, Bernal, Susana, additional, Bravo, Andrea G., additional, Capdevila, Pol, additional, Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, additional, Catalán, Núria, additional, Genua-Olmedo, Ana, additional, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, additional, Feio, Maria João, additional, Lucati, Federica, additional, Onandia, Gabriela, additional, Poblador, Sílvia, additional, Rotchés-Ribalta, Roser, additional, Sala-Bubaré, Anna, additional, Sánchez-Montoya, María Mar, additional, Sebastián, Marta, additional, Zufiaurre, Aitziber, additional, and Pastor, Ada, additional
Published: 2021
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30. Mask, Train, Repeat! Artificial Intelligence for Quantitative Wood Anatomy

Author: Resente, Giulia, primary, Gillert, Alexander, additional, Trouillier, Mario, additional, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, additional, Peters, Richard L., additional, von Arx, Georg, additional, von Lukas, Uwe, additional, and Wilmking, Martin, additional
Published: 2021
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31. Direct and Indirect Effects of Environmental Limitations on White Spruce Xylem Anatomy at Treeline

Author: Pampuch, Timo, primary, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, additional, Trouillier, Mario, additional, Lange, Jelena, additional, and Wilmking, Martin, additional
Published: 2021
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32. Growth and phenology of three dwarf shrub species in a six-year soil warming experiment at the alpine treeline.

Author: Alba Anadon-Rosell, Christian Rixen, Paolo Cherubini, Sonja Wipf, Frank Hagedorn, and Melissa A Dawes
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Global warming can have substantial impacts on the phenological and growth patterns of alpine and Arctic species, resulting in shifts in plant community composition and ecosystem dynamics. We evaluated the effects of a six-year experimental soil warming treatment (+4°C, 2007-2012) on the phenology and growth of three co-dominant dwarf shrub species growing in the understory of Larix decidua and Pinus uncinata at treeline in the Swiss Alps. We monitored vegetative and reproductive phenology of Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium gaultherioides and Empetrum hermaphroditum throughout the early growing season of 2012 and, following a major harvest at peak season, we measured the biomass of above-ground ramet fractions. For all six years of soil warming we measured annual shoot growth of the three species and analyzed ramet age and xylem ring width of V. myrtillus. Our results show that phenology of the three species was more influenced by snowmelt timing, and also by plot tree species (Larix or Pinus) in the case of V. myrtillus, than by soil warming. However, the warming treatment led to increased V. myrtillus total above-ground ramet biomass (+36% in 2012), especially new shoot biomass (+63% in 2012), as well as increased new shoot increment length and xylem ring width (+22% and +41%, respectively; average for 2007-2012). These results indicate enhanced overall growth of V. myrtillus under soil warming that was sustained over six years and was not caused by an extended growing period in early summer. In contrast, E. hermaphroditum only showed a positive shoot growth response to warming in 2011 (+21%), and V. gaultherioides showed no significant growth response. Our results indicate that V. myrtillus might have a competitive advantage over the less responsive co-occurring dwarf shrub species under future global warming.
Published: 2014
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33. Effects of dominant moss species on shrub growth and xylem anatomy along a precipitation gradient in the subarctic tundra

Author: Martin Wilmking, Ellen Dorrepaal, Jan Tumajer, Georg von Arx, Signe Lett, Anders Michelsen, and Alba Anadon-Rosell
Subjects: biology, ved/biology, Botany, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Environmental science, Xylem, Precipitation, biology.organism_classification, Moss, Subarctic climate, Shrub, Tundra
Abstract: In the tundra, bryophytes may be the dominant growth form covering the soil surface of shrub communities. They can modulate soil conditions through their capacity to retain moisture and nutrients and their chemical characteristics. The study of the interaction between shrubs and bryophytes is essential to understand the functioning of these shrub communities, which are expanding due to global change. In this study, we collected Betula nana and Empetrum hermaphroditum ramets growing in moss carpets dominated by Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi or Sphagnum spp., which differ in growth habit, density of their carpets and water holding capacity, amongst others. We sampled three ramets per site and moss species in eight locations distributed along a precipitation gradient (571-1155 mm/year) in the subarctic alpine tundra near Abisko, Sweden. To investigate structural and functional responses to the dominant moss species and precipitation regime, we prepared microscopic sections of the shrubs stem base and measured growth rings and xylem anatomical parameters (vessel lumen area, vessel density and grouping, and theoretical hydraulic conductivity). We also measured shrub leaf C and N concentration and isotope composition (δ13C, δ15N). To understand moss effects on soil characteristics along the precipitation gradient, we measured soil pH and water and nutrient content (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, dissolved organic C and dissolved organic N). Preliminary results on shrub leaf physiology and soil characteristics show a significant interaction between moss species and the precipitation gradient, indicating that mosses modulate the effects of climate conditions on shrubs. We discuss the importance of moss species combined with the precipitation regime for the performance of tundra shrubs in the context of a changing climate.
Published: 2021
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34. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Semenchuk, P.R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Tape, K.D., Beest, M. te, Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Dainese, M., Vries, F.T. de, Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R.B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü, Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Reich, P.B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., Bodegom, P.M. van, Systems Ecology, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, External Funding, Research Centre for Ecological Change, and van Bodegom, PM
Subjects: Plant functional types, Evolution, NUTRIENT, TERM, plant functional groups, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, CARBON, vegetation change, Cluster analysis, Behavior and Systematics, ecosystem function, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Plantegeografi: 496, Community composition, Plant functional groups, community composition, ARCTIC TUNDRA, Ekologi, Plant traits, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, LEAF TRAITS, Botany, food and beverages, Botanik, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Plant geography: 496, plant functional types, Research Papers, Tundra biome, cluster analysis, plant traits, tundra biome, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecological Applications, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Vegetation change, Ecosystem function, VEGETATION, LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES, RESPONSES, Research Paper
Abstract: Aim : Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large propor ‐ tion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location : Tundra biome. Time period : Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied : 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods : We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We exam ‐ ined the variation in species‐level trait expression explained by four traditional func ‐ tional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to al ‐ ternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species‐level traits. Results : Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expres ‐ sion, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were con ‐ sistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species‐level trait expression. Main conclusions : Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well‐measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size‐related traits. We recommend caution when using func ‐ tional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem func ‐ tions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling. © 2018 The Authors Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Published: 2021
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35. Root biomass and root traits of Alnus glutinosa show size-dependent and opposite patterns in a drained and a rewetted forest peatland

Author: Felix Ciesiolka, Sarah Schwieger, Alba Anadon-Rosell, and Gesche Blume-Werry
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Alnus glutinosa, Peat, fine roots, Plant Science, Forests, Alnus, AcademicSubjects/SCI01080, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Annual growth %, specific root area, Soil, 03 medical and health sciences, annual growth rings, biomass distribution, Ecosystem, Biomass, functional traits, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, rewetting, AcademicSubjects/SCI01210, Size dependent, Alder forest, AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, Original Articles, biology.organism_classification, Miljövetenskap, root age, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, forest peatland, Age distribution, Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background and AimsForest peatlands represent 25 % of global peatlands and store large amounts of carbon (C) as peat. Traditionally they have been drained in order to increase forestry yield, which may cause large losses of C from the peat. Rewetting aims to stop these losses and to restore the initial storage function of the peatlands. As roots represent major peat-forming elements in these systems, we sampled roots with diameter MethodsWe cored soil next to Alnus glutinosa stems and sorted root biomass into Key ResultsRoot biomass in the rewetted site was more than double that in the drained site. This difference was mostly driven by very fine roots ConclusionsThe size-dependent opposite patterns between root biomass and their functional characteristics under contrasting water regimes indicate differences between fine and coarse roots in their response to environmental changes. Root age distribution points to similar root turnover rates between the sites, while higher root biomass in the rewetted site clearly indicates larger tree C stocks below ground under rewetting, supporting the C sink function of the ecosystem.
Published: 2021

36. Towards women-inclusive ecology: representation, behavior, and perception of women at an international conference

Author: Lupon, Anna, Rodríguez Lozano, Pablo, Bartrons, Mireia, Anadon Rosell, Alba, Batalla, Meritxell, Bernal, Susana, Bravo, Andrea G., Capdevila, Pol, Cañedo Argüelles, Miguel, Catalán, Núria, Genua Olmedo, Ana, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, Feio, Maria João, Lucati, Federica, Onandia, Gabriela, Poblador, Sílvia, Rotchés Ribalta, Roser, Sala Bubaré, Anna, Sánchez Montoya, María Mar, Sebastián, Marta, Zufiaurre, Aitziber, Pastor, Ada, Lupon, Anna, Rodríguez Lozano, Pablo, Bartrons, Mireia, Anadon Rosell, Alba, Batalla, Meritxell, Bernal, Susana, Bravo, Andrea G., Capdevila, Pol, Cañedo Argüelles, Miguel, Catalán, Núria, Genua Olmedo, Ana, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, Feio, Maria João, Lucati, Federica, Onandia, Gabriela, Poblador, Sílvia, Rotchés Ribalta, Roser, Sala Bubaré, Anna, Sánchez Montoya, María Mar, Sebastián, Marta, Zufiaurre, Aitziber, and Pastor, Ada
Abstract: Conferences are ideal platforms for studying gender gaps in science because they are important cultural events that reflect barriers to women in academia. Here, we explored women’s participation in ecology conferences by analyzing female representation, behavior, and personal experience at the 1st Meeting of the Iberian Society of Ecology (SIBECOL). The conference had 722 attendees, 576 contributions, and 27 scientific sessions. The gender of attendees and presenters was balanced (48/52% women/men), yet only 29% of the contributions had a woman as last author. Moreover, men presented most of the keynote talks (67%) and convened most of the sessions. Our results also showed that only 32% of the questions were asked by women, yet the number of questions raised by women increased when the speaker or the convener was a woman. Finally, the post-conference survey revealed that attendees had a good experience and did not perceive the event as a threatening context for women. Yet, differences in the responses between genders suggest that women tended to have a worse experience than their male counterparts. Although our results showed clear gender biases, most of the participants of the conference failed to detect it. Overall, we highlight the challenge of increasing women’s scientific leadership, visibility and interaction in scientific conferences and we suggest several recommendations for creating inclusive meetings, thereby promoting equal opportunities for all participants., Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/FEDER, Gobierno de España., Gobierno de España. Programa Juan de la Cierva, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Generalitat de Cataluña/Fondo Social Europeo (FSE), Gobierno de las Islas Baleares, Humbold Research Fellowship, Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT), Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM)/(FCT/MCTES), Research Foundation – Flanders, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub
Published: 2021

37. Root biomass and root traits of Alnus glutinosa show size-dependent and opposite patterns in a drained and a rewetted forest peatland

Author: Schwieger, Sarah, Blume-Werry, Gesche, Ciesiolka, Felix, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Schwieger, Sarah, Blume-Werry, Gesche, Ciesiolka, Felix, and Anadon-Rosell, Alba
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Forest peatlands represent 25 % of global peatlands and store large amounts of carbon (C) as peat. Traditionally they have been drained in order to increase forestry yield, which may cause large losses of C from the peat. Rewetting aims to stop these losses and to restore the initial storage function of the peatlands. As roots represent major peat-forming elements in these systems, we sampled roots with diameter <5 mm in a drained and a rewetted forest peatland in north-east Germany to evaluate differences in tree biomass investments below ground, root functional characteristics and root age. METHODS: We cored soil next to Alnus glutinosa stems and sorted root biomass into <1, 1-2 and 2-5 mm diameter classes. We measured biomass distribution and specific root area (SRA) in 10-cm depth increments down to 50 cm, and estimated root age from annual growth rings. KEY RESULTS: Root biomass in the rewetted site was more than double that in the drained site. This difference was mostly driven by very fine roots <1 mm, which accounted for 51 % of the total root biomass and were mostly (75 %) located in the upper 20 cm. For roots <1 mm, SRA did not differ between the sites. However, SRA of the 1-2 mm and 2-5 mm diameter roots was higher in the drained than in the rewetted site. Root age did not differ between sites. CONCLUSIONS: The size-dependent opposite patterns between root biomass and their functional characteristics under contrasting water regimes indicate differences between fine and coarse roots in their response to environmental changes. Root age distribution points to similar root turnover rates between the sites, while higher root biomass in the rewetted site clearly indicates larger tree C stocks below ground under rewetting, supporting the C sink function of the ecosystem.
Published: 2021
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38. Towards women-inclusive ecology: Representation, behavior, and perception of women at an international conference

Author: Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Lupon, Anna, Rodríguez-Lozano, Pablo, Bartrons, Mireia, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Batalla, M., Bernal, Susana, Bravo, Andrea G., Capdevila, Pol, Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Catalán, Núria, Genua-Olmedo, Ana, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, Feio, Maria J., Lucati, Federica, Onandía, Gabriela, Poblador, Sílvia, Rotchés-Ribalta, Roser, Sala-Bubaré, Anna, Sánchez-Montoya, María Mar, Sebastián, Marta, Zufiaurre, Aitziber, Pastor, Ada, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Lupon, Anna, Rodríguez-Lozano, Pablo, Bartrons, Mireia, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Batalla, M., Bernal, Susana, Bravo, Andrea G., Capdevila, Pol, Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Catalán, Núria, Genua-Olmedo, Ana, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, Feio, Maria J., Lucati, Federica, Onandía, Gabriela, Poblador, Sílvia, Rotchés-Ribalta, Roser, Sala-Bubaré, Anna, Sánchez-Montoya, María Mar, Sebastián, Marta, Zufiaurre, Aitziber, and Pastor, Ada
Abstract: Conferences are ideal platforms for studying gender gaps in science because they are important cultural events that reflect barriers to women in academia. Here, we explored women’s participation in ecology conferences by analyzing female representation, behavior, and personal experience at the 1st Meeting of the Iberian Society of Ecology (SIBECOL). The conference had 722 attendees, 576 contributions, and 27 scientific sessions. The gender of attendees and presenters was balanced (48/52% women/men), yet only 29% of the contributions had a woman as last author. Moreover, men presented most of the keynote talks (67%) and convened most of the sessions. Our results also showed that only 32% of the questions were asked by women, yet the number of questions raised by women increased when the speaker or the convener was a woman. Finally, the post-conference survey revealed that attendees had a good experience and did not perceive the event as a threatening context for women. Yet, differences in the responses between genders suggest that women tended to have a worse experience than their male counterparts. Although our results showed clear gender biases, most of the participants of the conference failed to detect it. Overall, we highlight the challenge of increasing women’s scientific leadership, visibility and interaction in scientific conferences and we suggest several recommendations for creating inclusive meetings, thereby promoting equal opportunities for all participants.
Published: 2021

39. Recent updates and developments to plant genome size databases

Author: Garcia, Sònia, Leitch, Ilia J., Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Canela, Miguel Á., Gálvez, Francisco, Garnatje, Teresa, Gras, Airy, Hidalgo, Oriane, Johnston, Emmeline, Mas de Xaxars, Gemma, Pellicer, Jaume, Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja, Vallès, Joan, Vitales, Daniel, and Bennett, Michael D.
Published: 2014
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40. Effects of dominant moss species on shrub growth and xylem anatomy along a precipitation gradient in the subarctic tundra

Author: Anadon-Rosell, Alba, primary, Michelsen, Anders, additional, Lett, Signe, additional, Dorrepaal, Ellen, additional, von Arx, Georg, additional, Tumajer, Jan, additional, and Wilmking, Martin, additional
Published: 2021
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41. Xylem Anatomical Variability in White Spruce at Treeline Is Largely Driven by Spatial Clustering

Author: Martin Wilmking, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Melanie Zacharias, Timo Pampuch, and Georg von Arx
Subjects: treeline, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, Biology, 01 natural sciences, white spruce, clonal trees, Dendrochronology, lcsh:SB1-1110, boreal forest, Original Research, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Functional ecology, Water transport, Ecology, Taiga, Xylem, Edaphic, Heritability, spatial clustering, broad-sense heritability, Boreal, xylem anatomy, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The ecological function of boreal forests is challenged by drastically changing climate conditions. Although an increasing number of studies are investigating how climate change is influencing growth and distribution of boreal tree species, there is a lack of studies examining the potential of these species to genetically adapt or phenotypically adjust. Here, we sampled clonally and non-clonally growing white spruce trees (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) to investigate spatial and genetic effects on tree ring width and on six xylem anatomical traits representing growth, water transport, mechanical support, and wood density. We compared different methods for estimating broad sense heritability (H2) of each trait and we evaluated the effects of spatial grouping and genetic grouping on the xylem anatomical traits with linear models. We found that the three different methods used to estimate H2 were quite robust, showing overall consistent patterns, while our analyses were unsuccessful at fully separating genetic from spatial effects. By evaluating the effect size, we found a significant effect of genetic grouping in latewood density and earlywood hydraulic diameter. However, evaluating model performances showed that spatial grouping was a better predictor than genetic grouping for variance in earlywood density, earlywood hydraulic diameter and growth. For cell wall thickness neither spatial nor genetic grouping was significant. Our findings imply that (1) the variance in the investigated xylem anatomical traits and growth is mainly influenced by spatial clustering (most probably caused by microhabitat conditions), which (2) makes it rather difficult to estimate the heritability of these traits in naturally grown trees in situ. Yet, (3) latewood density and earlywood hydraulic diameter qualified for further analysis on the genetic background of xylem traits and (4) cell wall thickness seems a useful trait to investigate large-scale climatic effects, decoupled from microclimatic, edaphic and genetic influences.
Published: 2020
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42. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, HJD, Bjorkman, AD, Myers-Smith, IH, Elmendorf, SC, Kattge, J, Diaz, S, Vellend, M, Blok, D, Cornelissen, JHC, Forbes, BC, Henry, GHR, Hollister, RD, Normand, S, Prevéy, JS, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, WK, Beck, PSA, Georges, D, Goetz, SJ, Guay, KC, Rüger, N, Soudzilovskaia, NA, Spasojevic, MJ, Alatalo, JM, Alexander, HD, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Te Beest, M, Berner, LT, Björk, RG, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, KS, Collier, LS, Cooper, EJ, Elberling, B, Eskelinen, A, Frei, ER, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, MMPD, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, JMG, Johnstone, JF, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, CM, Jaroszynska, F, Kaarlejarvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, LJ, Lantz, TC, Lévesque, E, Little, CJ, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, SS, Ninot, JM, Oberbauer, SF, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, VG, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, SB, Shetti, R, Speed, JDM, Suding, KN, Tape, KD, Tomaselli, M, Trant, AJ, Treier, UA, Tremblay, M, Venn, SE, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Wookey, PA, Zamin, TJ, Bahn, M, Blonder, B, van Bodegom, PM, Bond-Lamberty, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, BEL, Chapin, FS, Craine, JM, Dainese, M, Green, WA, Jansen, S, Kleyer, M, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, WA, Peñuelas, J, and Poschlod, P
Subjects: Climate, food and beverages, Plant Development, Plants, Tundra, Ecosystem
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020

43. From Understanding to Sustainable Use of Peatlands: The WETSCAPES Approach

Author: Ralf Bill, Almut Mrotzek, Haitao Wang, Franziska Schmacka, John Couwenberg, Wakene Negassa, Dierk Michaelis, Laurenz M. Teuber, Peter Leinweber, Franziska Tanneberger, Micha Weil, Gerald Jurasinski, Sandra Schenk, Nicole Wrage-Mönnig, Tim Urich, Martin Wilmking, Bernd Lennartz, Marko Smiljanic, Dominik Zak, Anke Günther, Gesche Blume-Werry, J. Berendt, Sarah Schwieger, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Franziska Koebsch, Florian Beyer, Haojie Liu, Hans Joosten, Nils Koldrack, Daniel Köhn, Sate Ahmad, and Jürgen Kreyling
Subjects: Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, fen, Soil Science, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, lcsh:Chemistry, agricultural_sciences_agronomy, Environmental protection, Ecosystem, Greenhouse effect, lcsh:Physical geography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water transport, rewetting, matter fluxes, Vegetation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Miljövetenskap, lcsh:QD1-999, Greenhouse gas, interdisciplinary, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Terrestrial ecosystem, paludiculture, lcsh:GB3-5030, Environmental Sciences, drainage
Abstract: Of all terrestrial ecosystems, peatlands store carbon most effectively in long-term scales of millennia. However, many peatlands have been drained for peat extraction or agricultural use. This converts peatlands from sinks to sources of carbon, causing approx. 5% of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect and additional negative effects on other ecosystem services. Rewetting peatlands can mitigate climate change and may be combined with management in the form of paludiculture. Rewetted peatlands, however, do not equal their pristine ancestors and their ecological functioning is not understood. This holds true especially for groundwater-fed fens. Their functioning results from manifold interactions and can only be understood following an integrative approach of many relevant fields of science, which we merge in the interdisciplinary project WETSCAPES. Here, we address interactions among water transport and chemistry, primary production, peat formation, matter transformation and transport, microbial community, and greenhouse gas exchange using state of the art methods. We record data on six study sites spread across three common fen types (Alder forest, percolation fen, and coastal fen), each in drained and rewetted states. First results revealed that indicators reflecting more long-term effects like vegetation and soil chemistry showed a stronger differentiation between drained and rewetted states than variables with a more immediate reaction to environmental change, like greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Variations in microbial community composition explained differences in soil chemical data as well as vegetation composition and GHG exchange. We show the importance of developing an integrative understanding of managed fen peatlands and their ecosystem functioning.
Published: 2020
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44. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Stef Weijers, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, William K. Cornwell, Francesca Jaroszynska, Oriol Grau, Daan Blok, Peter Manning, Allan Buras, Tage Vowles, Ann Milbau, Peter B. Reich, Luise Hermanutz, Bo Elberling, Sabine B. Rumpf, Philip A. Wookey, Martin Hallinger, Esther Lévesque, Damien Georges, Bruce C. Forbes, Sigrid Schøler Nielsen, Maitane Iturrate-Garcia, Janet S. Prevéy, Walton A. Green, Josep Peñuelas, Peter Poschlod, F. S. Chapin, Giandiego Campetella, Wim A. Ozinga, Haydn J.D. Thomas, Michele Carbognani, F. T. de Vries, Colleen M. Iversen, Monique M. P. D. Heijmans, Ken D. Tape, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Heather D. Alexander, Josep M. Ninot, Agata Buchwal, Jens Kattge, P.M. van Bodegom, Anu Eskelinen, S. N. Sheremetiev, Nadja Rüger, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Michael Kleyer, Chelsea J. Little, Trevor C. Lantz, Maxime Tremblay, Sandra Angers-Blondin, Matteo Dainese, Alessandro Petraglia, Robert D. Hollister, James M G Hudson, Katharine N. Suding, Urs A. Treier, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Karl Hülber, Brandon S. Schamp, Ülo Niinemets, Marko J. Spasojevic, Benjamin Bond-Lamberty, Marcello Tomaselli, Kevin C. Guay, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Elina Kaarlejärvi, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Sarah C. Elmendorf, Michael Bahn, Johan Olofsson, Benjamin Blonder, Anders Michelsen, Sonja Wipf, Jill F. Johnstone, Brody Sandel, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Katherine S. Christie, S. F. Oberbauer, Scott J. Goetz, Rohan Shetti, Joseph M. Craine, Elisabeth J. Cooper, M. te Beest, Gregory H. R. Henry, Yusuke Onoda, Tara Zamin, Mark Vellend, Logan T. Berner, Anne D. Bjorkman, Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini, Signe Normand, Pieter S. A. Beck, Robert G. Björk, Christian Rixen, Andrew J. Trant, Juha M. Alatalo, Martin Wilmking, Esther R. Frei, James D. M. Speed, Steven Jansen, Laura Siegwart Collier, Laurent J. Lamarque, Sandra Díaz, Susanna Venn, Aino Kulonen, Paul Grogan, Systems Ecology, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Research Centre for Ecological Change, and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Climate, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biome, General Physics and Astronomy, Efecte del clima sobre les plantes, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY, WIDE-RANGE, SDG 13 - Climate Action, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Plantegeografi: 496, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Global environmental change, lcsh:Science, Plant ecology, Macroecology, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, food and beverages, Plants, Biogeography, FOLIAR NITROGEN ISOTOPES, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, COMMUNITY-LEVEL, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, LEAF ECONOMICS SPECTRUM, Theoretical ecology, WOODY-PLANTS, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Climate Research, Science, Plant Development, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, Life Science, Tundra, Ecosystem, 1172 Environmental sciences, Vegetatie, Vegetation and climate, WIMEK, Vegetation, Ecologia vegetal, Global warming, Botany, Plant community, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Plant geography: 496, Interspecific competition, Botanik, 15. Life on land, FUNCTIONAL TRAITS, Canvi mediambiental global, lcsh:Q, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ELEVATED CO2, RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world., It is unclear whether plant trait relationships found at the global scale extend to climatic extremes. Here the authors analyse six major aboveground traits to show that known plant trait relationships extend to the tundra biomes and exhibit the same two dimensions of variation detected at the global scale.
Published: 2020
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45. Xylem anatomical and growth responses of the dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus to experimental CO2 enrichment and soil warming at treeline

Author: Christian Rixen, Georg von Arx, Patrick Fonti, Melissa A. Dawes, Frank Hagedorn, and Alba Anadon-Rosell
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), Environmental Engineering, ved/biology, fungi, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, food and beverages, Xylem, Understory, Biology, Vaccinium myrtillus, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Shrub, Horticulture, Hydraulic conductivity, Shoot, Soil water, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Plant growth responses to environmental changes may be linked to xylem anatomical adjustments. The study of such links is essential for improving our understanding of plant functioning under global change. We investigated the xylem anatomy and above-ground growth of the dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus in the understorey of Larix decidua and Pinus uncinata at the Swiss treeline after 9 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (+200 ppm) and 6 years of soil warming (+4 °C). We aimed to determine the responses of xylem anatomical traits and growth to these treatments, and to analyse xylem anatomy–growth relationships. We quantified anatomical characteristics of vessels and ray parenchyma and measured xylem ring width (RW), above-ground biomass and shoot elongation as growth parameters. Our results showed strong positive correlations between theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and shoot increment length or total biomass across all treatments. However, while soil warming stimulated shoot elongation and RW, it reduced vessel size (Dh) by 14%. Elevated CO2 had smaller effects than soil warming: it increased Dh (5%) in the last experimental years and only influenced growth by increasing basal stem size. The abundance of ray parenchyma, representing storage capacity, did not change under any treatment. Our results demonstrate a link between growth and stem Kh in V. myrtillus, but its growth responses to warming were not explained by the observed xylem anatomical changes. Smaller Dh under warming may increase resistance to freezing events frequently occurring at treeline and suggests that hydraulic efficiency is not limiting for V. myrtillus growing on moist soils at treeline. Our findings suggest that future higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations will have smaller effects on V. myrtillus growth and functioning than rising temperatures at high elevations; further, growth stimulation of this species under future warmer conditions may not be synchronized with xylem adjustments favouring hydraulic efficiency.
Published: 2018
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46. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., de Vries, F. T., Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., and de Vries, F. T.
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020

47. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., de Vries, F. T., Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., and de Vries, F. T.
Published: 2020

48. From Understanding to Sustainable Use of Peatlands : The WETSCAPES Approach

Author: Jurasinski, Gerald, Ahmad, Sate, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Berendt, Jacqueline, Beyer, Florian, Bill, Ralf, Blume-Werry, Gesche, Couwenberg, John, Guenther, Anke, Joosten, Hans, Koebsch, Franziska, Köhn, Daniel, Koldrack, Nils, Kreyling, Jürgen, Leinweber, Peter, Lennartz, Bernd, Liu, Haojie, Michaelis, Dierk, Mrotzek, Almut, Negassa, Wakene, Schenk, Sandra, Schmacka, Franziska, Schwieger, Sarah, Smiljanic, Marko, Tanneberger, Franziska, Teuber, Laurenz M., Urich, Tim, Wang, Haitao, Weil, Micha, Wilmking, Martin, Zak, Dominik, Wrage-Monnig, Nicole, Jurasinski, Gerald, Ahmad, Sate, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Berendt, Jacqueline, Beyer, Florian, Bill, Ralf, Blume-Werry, Gesche, Couwenberg, John, Guenther, Anke, Joosten, Hans, Koebsch, Franziska, Köhn, Daniel, Koldrack, Nils, Kreyling, Jürgen, Leinweber, Peter, Lennartz, Bernd, Liu, Haojie, Michaelis, Dierk, Mrotzek, Almut, Negassa, Wakene, Schenk, Sandra, Schmacka, Franziska, Schwieger, Sarah, Smiljanic, Marko, Tanneberger, Franziska, Teuber, Laurenz M., Urich, Tim, Wang, Haitao, Weil, Micha, Wilmking, Martin, Zak, Dominik, and Wrage-Monnig, Nicole
Abstract: Of all terrestrial ecosystems, peatlands store carbon most effectively in long-term scales of millennia. However, many peatlands have been drained for peat extraction or agricultural use. This converts peatlands from sinks to sources of carbon, causing approx. 5% of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect and additional negative effects on other ecosystem services. Rewetting peatlands can mitigate climate change and may be combined with management in the form of paludiculture. Rewetted peatlands, however, do not equal their pristine ancestors and their ecological functioning is not understood. This holds true especially for groundwater-fed fens. Their functioning results from manifold interactions and can only be understood following an integrative approach of many relevant fields of science, which we merge in the interdisciplinary project WETSCAPES. Here, we address interactions among water transport and chemistry, primary production, peat formation, matter transformation and transport, microbial community, and greenhouse gas exchange using state of the art methods. We record data on six study sites spread across three common fen types (Alder forest, percolation fen, and coastal fen), each in drained and rewetted states. First results revealed that indicators reflecting more long-term effects like vegetation and soil chemistry showed a stronger differentiation between drained and rewetted states than variables with a more immediate reaction to environmental change, like greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Variations in microbial community composition explained differences in soil chemical data as well as vegetation composition and GHG exchange. We show the importance of developing an integrative understanding of managed fen peatlands and their ecosystem functioning.
Published: 2020
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49. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Kattge, J. (J.), Diaz, S. (S.), Vellend, M. (M.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Henry, G. H. (G. H. R.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevey, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Beck, P. S. (P. S. A.), Georges, D. (D.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Ruger, N. (N.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Alexander, H. D. (H. D.), Anadon-Rosell, A. (A.), Angers-Blondin, S. (S.), te Beest, M. (M.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Bjoerk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. S. (K. S.), Collier, L. S. (L. S.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Elberling, B. (B.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Huelber, K. (K.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Kaarlejarvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lantz, T. C. (T. C.), Levesque, E. (E.), Little, C. J. (C. J.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Shetti, R. (R.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Suding, K. N. (K. N.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. J. (A. J.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Tremblay, M. (M.), Venn, S. E. (S. E.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Wookey, P. A. (P. A.), Zamin, T. J. (T. J.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.), Bond-Lamberty, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin, F. S. (F. S., III), Craine, J. M. (J. M.), Dainese, M. (M.), Green, W. A. (W. A.), Jansen, S. (S.), Kleyer, M. (M.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, U. (U.), Onoda, Y. (Y.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Penuelas, J. (J.), Poschlod, P. (P.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Sandel, B. (B.), Schamp, B. S. (B. S.), Sheremetiev, S. N. (S. N.), de Vries, F. T. (F. T.), Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Kattge, J. (J.), Diaz, S. (S.), Vellend, M. (M.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Henry, G. H. (G. H. R.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevey, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Beck, P. S. (P. S. A.), Georges, D. (D.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Ruger, N. (N.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Alexander, H. D. (H. D.), Anadon-Rosell, A. (A.), Angers-Blondin, S. (S.), te Beest, M. (M.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Bjoerk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. S. (K. S.), Collier, L. S. (L. S.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Elberling, B. (B.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Huelber, K. (K.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Kaarlejarvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lantz, T. C. (T. C.), Levesque, E. (E.), Little, C. J. (C. J.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Shetti, R. (R.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Suding, K. N. (K. N.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. J. (A. J.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Tremblay, M. (M.), Venn, S. E. (S. E.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Wookey, P. A. (P. A.), Zamin, T. J. (T. J.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.), Bond-Lamberty, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin, F. S. (F. S., III), Craine, J. M. (J. M.), Dainese, M. (M.), Green, W. A. (W. A.), Jansen, S. (S.), Kleyer, M. (M.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, U. (U.), Onoda, Y. (Y.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Penuelas, J. (J.), Poschlod, P. (P.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Sandel, B. (B.), Schamp, B. S. (B. S.), Sheremetiev, S. N. (S. N.), and de Vries, F. T. (F. T.)
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020

50. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., and Poschlod, P.
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020

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