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Gossypol, a phytotoxicant in cotton-seed oil, has been found to sensitize Tb(III)-luminescence in a supramolecular hydrogel. Based on this observation, a paper-based sensor has been developed to detect gossypol with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.9 nM. This is the first report of water-based detection with the highest sensitivity involving turn-on time-gated luminescence. This method was also able to sense gossypol in commercial crude cotton-seed oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep problems are common in adolescents and have detrimental impacts on physical and mental health and daily functioning. Evidence-based treatment like cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is often hard to access, and adolescents may not engage in and adhere to longer, clinician-delivered interventions. Brief, self-guided, and accessible sleep interventions are needed. Objective: To explore the user experience of a prototype online self-help single session sleep intervention developed for adolescents. Methods: Eleven participants aged 17–19 years (8 females, 3 males) took part in online retrospective think-aloud interviews. Participants first completed the prototype intervention independently and were then shown the intervention page by page and asked to verbalise their thoughts and experiences. Transcripts were analyzed thematically. Results: Participants found the intervention helpful. Four themes were generated - 'Educative: Learning, but more fun', 'Effortless: Quicker and Easier', 'Personalization: Power of Choice', and 'Positivity: Just Good Vibes'. The theme 'Educative: Learning, but more fun' encompassed two sub-themes 'Opportunity to Learn' and 'Aesthetics and Learning'. These themes reflected participants' views that the intervention was educative, personalised, solution-oriented and easy to use, but could incorporate more graphics and visuals to aid in learning and could be made more effortless and positive through modifications to its design. Conclusions: Findings convey the importance of ensuring educative well-designed content, personalization, a positive tone, and ease of use while designing interventions targeting adolescents's sleep and mental health. They also indicate areas for further developing the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enkephalins are endogenous opioid pentapeptides that play a role in neurotransmission and pain modulation in vertebrates. However, the distribution pattern of enkephalinergic neurons in the brains of reptiles has been understudied. This study reports the organization of the methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK) and leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK) neuronal systems in the central nervous system of the gecko Hemidactylus frenatus using an immunofluorescence labeling method. Although M-ENK and L-ENK-immunoreactive (ir) fibers extended throughout the pallial and subpallial subdivisions, including the olfactory bulbs, M-ENK and L-ENK-ir cells were found only in the dorsal septal nucleus. Enkephalinergic perikarya and fibers were highly concentrated in the periventricular and lateral preoptic areas, as well as in the anterior and lateral subdivisions of the hypothalamus, while enkephalinergic innervation was observed in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus, infundibular recess nucleus and median eminence. The dense accumulation of enkephalinergic content was noticed in the pars distalis of the hypophysis. In the thalamus, the nucleus rotundus and the dorsolateral, medial, and medial posterior thalamic nuclei contained M-ENK and L-ENK-ir fibers, whereas clusters of M-ENK and L-ENK-ir neurons were observed in the pretectum, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. The enkephalinergic fibers were also seen in the area X around the central canal, as well as the dorsal and ventral horns. The widespread distribution of enkephalin-containing neurons within the central nervous system implies that enkephalins regulate a variety of functions in the gecko, including sensory, behavioral, hypophysiotropic, and neuroendocrine functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistent development of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics presents a serious risk to public health worldwide. The ability of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) to hydrolyze a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics and render them ineffective makes them a difficult challenge. The identification and design of clinically useful inhibitors against MBLs like Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase-2 (VIM-2) is still challenging. In this study, we examine the inhibitory capacity of peptides against VIM-2 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Deriving inspiration from earlier studies on arginine-rich peptides, we hypothesized that lysine repeats with similar nature may show comparable binding with VIM-2.We found that lysine repeats are much more stable than arginine repeats, and show comparable binding with VIM-2. Initially, we designed a library of peptides containing various combinations of lysine and arginine residues, with the sequence length of 30 amino acids. By means of computational modeling, Protein-Peptide docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we evaluated the stability and binding affinity of these peptides in complex with VIM-2. Peptides showing best binding with VIM-2 were subjected to optimization where length was reduced to 12 residues. This optimization was performed to reduce charge and potential toxicity, enhancing the translational prospects of the sequences. We observed that PolyKR (6) was found to be the lead candidate. We demonstrate that incorporation of KR repeats in peptide sequences can be of help in enhancing their binding affinity towards VIM-2. Further, wet-laboratory validation needs to be performed in order to study the interaction of the peptide with the VIM-2 MBL in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In this work, we suggested a computerized decision-making process for deciding on the best birthing style. • A deep neural network model (DNN) was developed by using train set with h2o package. The model was selected on the basis of AUC (Area Under the Curve) & KS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) score. The AUC, KS score for train set were 0.99, 0.98 respectively. • The prediction error rates for caeseraen & vaginal classes in train data are 0.02 & 0.00 respectively. • The results support the use of these algorithms in the creation of a clinical decision system to help gynecologists choose the most appropriate delivery method. One of the factors that worry obstetricians the most is the method of delivery. In recent years, the rate of caesarean sections has steadily climbed and now exceeds the threshold advised by medical organizations. Obstetricians typically lack the tools they need to assess whether vaginal delivery or a caesarean delivery is more appropriate. In this work, we suggested a computerized decision-making process for deciding on the best birthing style. The data was collected from 101 pregnant subjects who were admitted to hospital in eastern India for delivery from January 2021 to September 2021.The data set had 101 instances & 11 variables. The response was a binary variable with "caesarean" & "vaginal" as the outputs. A deep neural network model (DNN) was developed by using train set with h2o package. The model was selected on the basis of AUC (Area under the Curve) & KS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) score. The AUC, KS score for train set were 0.99, 0.98 respectively. The prediction error rates for caeseraen & vaginal classes in train data are 0.02 & 0.00 respectively. The results support the use of these algorithms in the creation of a clinical decision system to help gynaecologists choose the most appropriate delivery method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background A national survey of general surgery residents revealed significant self-assessed deficits in preparation for independent practice, with only 7.7% of graduating postgraduate year 5 residents (n=1145) reporting self-efficacy for all 10 commonly performed operations surveyed. Objective We sought to understand why this phenomenon occurs. We hypothesized that self-efficacy would be positively correlated with both operative independence and case volume. Methods We compared 3 independent datasets: case information for the same 10 previously surveyed operations for residents graduating in 2020 (dataset 1), operative independence data obtained through the SIMPL OR app, an operative self-assessment tool (dataset 2), and case volume data obtained through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education National Data Report (dataset 3). Operations were categorized into high, middle (mid), and low self-efficacy tiers; analysis of variance was used to compare operative independence and case volume per tier. Results There were significant differences in self-efficacy between high (87.7%), mid (68.3%), and low (25.4%) tiers (P=.008 [95% CI 6.2, 32.7] for high vs mid, P<.001 for high vs low [49.1, 75.6], and P<.001 for mid vs low [28.7, 57.1]). The percentage of cases completed with operative independence followed similar trends (high 32.7%, mid 13.8%, low 4.9%, P=.006 [6.4, 31.4] for high vs mid, P<.001 [15.3, 40.3] for high vs low, P=.23 [-4.5, 22.3] for mid vs low). The total volume of cases decreased from high to mid to low self-efficacy tiers (average 91.8 to 20.8 to 11.1) but did not reach statistical significance on post-hoc analysis. Conclusions In this analysis of US surgical residents, operative independence was strongly correlated with self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities are responsible for emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs) that contribute to global warming and climate change. As the world's second-largest producer of staple food and the third-largest emitter of GHGs, India has been witnessing an increase in demand for food and energy, resulting in increased emissions. Thus, to achieve net carbon neutrality by 2070, India must focus urgently on climate change mitigation. Its agriculture sector has the potential to transition from being a net emitter to a net absorber of GHGs by adopting sustainable farming practices such as zero tillage, laser-assisted precision land leveling, direct seeding of rice, intercropping, biochar application, use of solar energy, and more efficient management of irrigation water, soil nutrients, livestock feed, and manure. To incentivize climate consciousness, a voluntary carbon credit trading system could be utilized in agriculture, supported by a measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification platform. This system would also bring about social, environmental, and financial co-benefits for its stakeholders. Specifically, the agriculture sector could substantially reduce the country's annual emissions by 84% from 2019 to 2070. But to realize their potential, the carbon markets must overcome the limitations currently set by policy, economic, cultural, and biophysical factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aim to identify the major ideas and trends in the study of morality within personality psychology over the past 100 years. Method: Our historical review is organized into three sections, examining moral dimensions in personality from the standpoints of the person as (1) a social actor (moral traits), (2) a motivated agent (the mental infrastructure of morality), and (3) an autobiographical author (moral life stories). Results: Within the field of personality psychology, a great deal of research into morality has been hiding for decades in plain view. Accordingly, we trace the history of research on socialization and instrumental competence, altruism, moral traits and virtues, the dimensions of morality inherent in the authoritarian personality, personal values, moral reasoning, moral intuitions, and the life stories constructed by people who have distinguished themselves for moral excellence, as evidenced in extraordinary bravery, compassion, or generativity. Conclusions: In a multitude of ways, human beings express and experience individual differences in their moral engagement of the world, all of which fall within the purview of personality psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical modeling of thermomechanical fracture is an essential aspect of designing critical components in various industries, including aerospace, automobile, and nuclear. The phase-field method is a suitable approach for simulating thermomechanical fracture problems. However, this method can be computationally expensive. In this study, we propose a multilevel adaptive mesh refinement (ML-AMR) using a phase-field approach, for thermomechanical fracture problems. The proposed approach can efficiently and accurately capture the crack topology without the need for any pre-refinement or explicit marking of damage boundary. Our proposed ML-AMR algorithm introduces an error estimator based on effective crack driving energy computed based on thermomechanical loading using the three prominently used phase-field models (AT2, AT1, and PF-CZM). We demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method by simulating various thermomechanical fracture problems and comparing the results with the nonadaptive phase-field method that adopts a priori nonadaptively refined meshes. We consider different types of thermal and mechanical loading, including thermal shock, to evaluate the proposed approach comprehensively. Our results show that the proposed ML-AMR phase-field method reduces computation time by 78%–99% while accurately capturing the crack path, peak load, and total strain energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hospitals and healthcare providers should assess and compare the quality of care given to patients and based on this improve the care. In the Netherlands, hospitals provide data to national quality registries, which in return provide annual quality indicators. However, this process is time-consuming, resource intensive and risks patient privacy and confidentiality. In this paper, we presented a multicentric 'Proof of Principle' study for federated calculation of quality indicators in patients with colorectal cancer. The findings suggest that the proposed approach is highly time-efficient and consume significantly lesser resources. Materials and methods: Two quality indicators are calculated in an efficient and privacy presevering federated manner, by i) applying the Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) data principles and ii) using the Personal Health Train (PHT) infrastructure. Instead of sharing data to a centralized registry, PHT enables analysis by sending algorithms and sharing only insights from the data. Results: ETL process extracted data from the Electronic Health Record systems of the hospitals, converted them to FAIR data and hosted in RDF endpoints within each hospital. Finally, quality indicators from each center are calculated using PHT and the mean result along with the individual results plotted. Discussion and conclusion: PHT and FAIR data principles can efficiently calculate quality indicators in a privacy-preserving federated approach and the work can be scaled up both nationally and internationally. Despite this, application of the methodology was largely hampered by ELSI issues. However, the lessons learned from this study can provide other hospitals and researchers to adapt to the process easily and take effective measures in building quality of care infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe importance of this study is to investigate thoroughly the important design parameter “Erosion wear”. Since erosion wear is a serious phenomenon in which material loss occurs due to the impact of the flow, research is going on experimentally and also computationally. Through the extensive study, various important parameters and flow characteristics were drawn and also discussed the importance given to that parameter which affects erosion wear. Thus, this analysis is useful for the researcher to take care of the important parameter either by the geometrical modification or adding the sacrificial element to the device or etc., to reduce the erosion wear which is taken care of and discussed in this paper. Various erosion test rigs developed by the researchers that can replicate the industrial environment were studied and the overview was given and also the author’s point of view was briefly discussed in this paper. In addition to disseminating best practices and conducting an extensive review of the literature on experimental, computational, and mathematical investigations, the work’s main accomplishments include the identification of certain research gaps and loose ends and the provision of future research directions was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) is one of the significant causes of fatality worldwide. High-grade and highstage cancers contribute to this fatality. In most terminal cases, new immunomarkers (CD55 and CD59) are commonly detected as positive. The expression of these immunomarkers and their clinical relevance in CRC has not yet been firmly established. While their upregulation has been demonstrated in some CRC several groups have also reported that they are not highly expressed in CRC tissues. Aim: To study the expression of CD55 and CD59 in CRC. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 90 patients with colorectal growth, conducted from February 2020 to July 2021 in the Department of Pathology in collaboration with the Department of General Surgery at Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Histopathological findings were evaluated, and associations of grading, staging, tumour type, tumour location, age, and sex were studied with immunomarkers (CD55 and CD59). Clinical parameters of the patients with CRC diagnosed by colonoscopic biopsy were also studied, including age, sex, clinical pictures, food habits, family history of CRC, and prior chemotherapy. The Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of the study. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 (IBM, Illinois, US). A p-value of =0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 90 CRC patients were included in this study, with the majority being male 56 (62.2%) aged 51-60 years. Most cases 59 (65.6%) were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, followed by poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma 18 (20%) and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma 13 (14.4%). About 62 (68.9%) and 28 (31.1%) patients showed strong and weak CD55 expression, respectively. In total, 65 (72.2%) and 25 (27.8%) patients exhibited strong and weak CD59 expression, respectively. The association of CRC grade and stage with CD55 and CD59 was significant (p-value=0.0001, p-value=0.0013, p-value=0.0001, and p-value=0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: There are several variables to consider during the histopathological reporting of CRC, with tumour differentiation, grade, and stage being among the most important. Particularly, high-grade (poorly differentiated) and high-stage adenocarcinomas demonstrate enhanced expression of CD55 and CD59, indicating a poor prognosis. It is essential for pathologists to meticulously perform grossing and reporting of CRC and dispatch the histopathology report after proper clinicopathological correlations. These immunomarkers can also be included in a routine IHC panel for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue, a significant mosquito-borne disease, presents a global health challenge with limited treatment options. Recently, there have been estimates of 390 million dengue infections annually worldwide. Thus, Dengue viruses (DENV) continue to result in a severe burden on human health all over the world. Here, we are introducing the Anti-Dengue Peptide Database (ADPDB) as a comprehensive knowledgebase dedicated to anti-dengue peptides, aiming to aid research and development efforts against the dengue virus. ADPDB consolidates information on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibiting anti-dengue activity, sourced from extensive literature curation. The database provides a user-friendly interface offering functionalities such as simple and advanced search options, data retrieval, and customizable reports. Currently housing 606 peptide entries, ADPDB encompasses peptides from various sources, including natural and synthetic origins. Name, sequence, source, target, mode of action (MoA), length, IC50, toxicity, hemolytic activity of peptides are meticulously curated, facilitating insights into their therapeutic potential. Notably, ADPDB addresses the gap in specialized databases focusing on anti-DENV peptides, aligning with the growing interest in peptide-based therapeutics. The database enables researchers, pharmaceutical industries, and clinicians to explore peptide candidates, study structure-activity relationships, and accelerate drug discovery processes. By leveraging bioinformatics-driven approaches, ADPDB aims to advance the understanding and development of peptide-based interventions against dengue. This resource is accessible via any web browser at URL: . Graphical abstract of ADPDB (for the creation of graphical abstract, we have used the image of dengue virus (PDB ID: 1K4R by Kuhn et al in Structure of dengue virus: implications for flavivirus organization, maturation, and fusion, Cell, 108(5):717–725, 2002), image of arenicin-1 AMP (PDB ID: 2JSB by Andrä et al in Structure and mode of action of the antimicrobial peptide arenicin, Biochem J, 410(1):113–122, 2008), and image of an PubMed article (PMID: 29200948 by Chew MiawFang et al in Peptides as therapeutic agents for dengue virus, Int J Med Sci 14(13):1342–1359, 2017). The remaining images are generated and incorporated by us). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the existing literature on the role of identity in mental illness and self-diagnostic behavior among individuals on social media. In this paper, we consolidate existing frameworks for illness identity formation based on principles of social contagion and community formation principles to conceptualize abnormal behaviors related to social media use, including Munchausen's by Internet, mass social media-induced illness, and mass sociogenic illness. The importance of a diagnosis in personal identity formation and ingroup involvement is an emergent theme in this review. Social media communities represent a cultural antithesis of the medical establishment by rejecting healthcare expertise and creating spaces whose membership is only afforded through a psychiatric diagnosis for individuals to participate in shared experiences. Clinical implications of these findings include tools to identify and dismantle harmful self-pathologizing of normal behavioral variants in young adults who present with specific symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Method Results Conclusion This study explores how middle‐aged Black Americans talk about race, without prompting, while telling their life stories.Drawing upon a dataset of lengthy Life Story Interviews (N = 70), we first employed a keyword search to identify race‐relevant interview scenes for each participant. Next, we conducted a thematic analysis of these scenes to identify salient racial narrative themes. Finally, we coded race‐relevant scenes to examine the psychological correlates of racial narrative themes.We identified 460 total racially themed Life Story Interview scenes, with the number of racially themed scenes ranging from 1 to 17 across participants' interviews. Racial narrative themes included Community of Care, Black Cultural Identity, Multiculturalism, Activism, Encounter with Racism, Systemic Racism, and Racial Reckoning. Quantitative analyses highlight a relationship between racial narrative themes and psychological measures of wisdom and generativity.This study offers insight into the ways that race manifests in the life stories of Black Americans and highlights the importance of considering race in the study of narrative identity, and personality, more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans robustly associate spiky shapes to words like "Kiki" and round shapes to words like "Bouba." According to a popular explanation, this is because the mouth assumes an angular shape while speaking "Kiki" and a rounded shape for "Bouba." Alternatively, this effect could reflect more general associations between shape and sound that are not specific to mouth shape or articulatory properties of speech. These possibilities can be distinguished using unpronounceable sounds: The mouth-shape hypothesis predicts no Bouba-Kiki effect for these sounds, whereas the generic shape-sound hypothesis predicts a systematic effect. Here, we show that the Bouba–Kiki effect is present for a variety of unpronounceable sounds ranging from reversed words and real object sounds (n = 45 participants) and even pure tones (n = 28). The effect was strongly correlated with the mean frequency of a sound across both spoken and reversed words. The effect was not systematically predicted by subjective ratings of pronounceability or with mouth aspect ratios measured from video. Thus, the Bouba–Kiki effect is explained using simple shape-sound associations rather than using speech properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Needle stick injury (NSI) is the most dreaded occupational health hazard affecting a healthcare worker (HCW) psychologically and physically. The risk of infection post needle stick injury ranges between 1.9% to greater than 40% for HBV infections, 2.7-10% for HCV and 0.2-0.44% for HIV infections. As per National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) records, nursing staff is at highest risk (43%) followed by physicians (28%). The main objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge of nursing staff about needle stick injuries and to study factors leading to such incidents in their working areas, impart them knowledge regarding the same and fill gaps in knowledge. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective analysis involving nursing staff and students. p values were calculated using SPSS software. Results: Overall NSI prevalence among nursing staff and students was 51.6% whereas in more exposed and less exposed group was 47.45% and 10.16% respectively (p=0.2056). The most common cause of NSI incident was recapping of needle (38.5%) followed by transferring needle to sharp container (35%). Conclusion: Consequences of NSI are serious and this study has tried to emphasize on the need to study the factors leading to NSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Oral health is an integral part of general health. Providing oral health care facilities and creating awareness about the oral health problem in under-served children and communities may lead to a better oral-health-related quality of life of the individual. The present study aims to assess and compare the oral health status and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare hostels and other private hostels of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of a total sample size of 800 children, 400 in each group (tribal welfare hostel and private hostel groups). Oral health status and treatment needs were assessed using World Health Organization proforma 1997. Oral health behavior including health of teeth and gums, oral hygiene aids, brushing frequency, consumption of sweets in between meals, and present general and oral health was assessed. Utilization of dental services was also assessed using a pre-designed questionnaire, which was completed by the study participants. Results: Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. Significant differences were noted between the groups in regarding oral health behaviors and visit to a dentist during the past 12 months (P = 0.002*), which were lower in tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children (P = 0.043*). Decay in permanent teeth (P = 0.006*) and missing of permanent teeth (P = 0.05*) were higher among tribal children. Conclusion: The present study revealed a poor oral health status and treatment needs of tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children. Decay in permanent teeth and missing of permanent teeth were higher among tribal children. Oral health behaviors and utilization of dental services were lower in tribal children. Good oral health has a definitive influence on general health and thus contributes to self-image and social interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular aging is associated with dysfunction of numerous tissues affecting multiple organ systems. A striking example of this is related to age-related bone loss, or osteoporosis, increasing fracture incidence. Interestingly, the two compartments of bone, cortical and cancellous or trabecular, rely on different mechanisms for development and maintenance during 'normal' aging. At a cellular level, the aging process disturbs a multitude of intracellular pathways. In particular, alterations in cellular metabolic functions thereby impacting cellular bioenergetics have been implicated in multiple tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize how metabolic processes were altered in bone forming osteoblasts in aged mice compared to young mice. Metabolic flux analyses demonstrated both stromal cells and mature, matrix secreting osteoblasts from aged mice exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction. This was also accompanied by a lack of adaptability or metabolic flexibility to utilize exogenous substrates compared to osteoblasts cultured from young mice. Additionally, lipid droplets accumulated in both early stromal cells and mature osteoblasts from aged mice, which was further depicted as increased lipid content within the bone cortex of aged mice. Global transcriptomic analysis of the bone further supported these metabolic data as enhanced oxidative stress genes were up-regulated in aged mice, while osteoblast-related genes were down-regulated when compared to the young mice. Collectively, these data suggest that aging results in altered osteoblast metabolic handling of both exogenous and endogenous substrates which could contribute to age-related osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of thiazolidinedione linked 1,3,4oxadiazole hybrid analogs (T1-25) were designed by In-silico approach for their AXL inhibitor activity against breast cancer. Molecular docking studies were performed with binding pocket of AXLinhibitor (PDB ID: 5TD2) by using Schrodinger suit 2020- to elucidate the binding interactions of the newly designed targets. The docking studies were performed for all the designed molecules by Prime-MMGBSA module to determine free energy, In-silico ADMET screening by QikProp and Glide module. Based on the Glide score, the binding affinity of all the designed molecules towards AXL was chosen. AXL was inhibited by the designed molecules that have good hydrogen bonding interactions. The molecules (T1-25) have significant Glide scores in the range of -3.847 to -9.181 when compared with the standard Cyclophosphamide (-3.847) and 5-fluorouracil (-6.233). The In-silico molecular docking, ADMET properties were found within the suggested values. The MM-GBSA binding free energy results displayed very promising activity with the selected AXL inhibitor. The compounds T15, T19, T21 and T22 with highest Glide scores were found to be significant for anti-breast cancer activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic, adverse psychological outcomes are expected to occur among healthcare personnel (HCPs). However, little is known about these outcomes within Ras al Khaimah, UAE. This study aims to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare personnel from different hospitals and clinics in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK), UAE. An online questionnaire was distributed to healthcare personnel within Ras al Khaimah, UAE, through an institutional email that enabled them to enroll in the study after giving informed consent. Likert scale was used to calculate the relation between demographic factors and 13 variables of psychological distress. An unpaired t-test was applied. This study shows that 31.7% of HCPs in RAK report moderate to high levels of anxiety due to concerns of potential workplace exposure, 41.6% are afraid of infecting their families and 13.1% find themselves feeling isolated from their families. Those who were younger than 45 years old, unmarried people and having more than two children were more likely to experience psychological distress than their counterparts. While the adverse psychological impact within this population is not as severe as what was noted in different populations in other countries, they must be addressed. It is important to ensure that HCPs have the appropriate physical and mental resources to persevere through similar stressful periods in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The development of a medical workforce that enables universal access to safe, just, and equitable healthcare is hampered by gender‑related inequality and disparity. Aim: Our goal in this study is to comprehend how gender prejudice has a cyclical impact that spreads from the fields of education and research to clinical practice. Materials and Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in which we collected information from faculty members and MBBS students through individual interviews. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed thematically. Results and Discussion: The participants reported a culture that reinforces gendered standards in both education and clinical practice. There is a gender bias in mentoring, learning support, and reading materials offered to students, which often spills into clinical practice and impacts how healthcare is delivered. Conclusion: According to our research, there is a cyclic effect of women’s exclusion in medical education, research, and clinical practice that is caused by gender bias. These results highlight the need for gender‑just systems of education, research, and clinical care to successfully address gender prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim:-To investigate linear dimensional changes before and after curing procedure using two investment materials using dental plaster type II (kalabhai) and type III dental stone (kalabhai ) for maxillary and mandibular complete dentures with three different arch forms. Material and Methods: A Comparative in vitro Study conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics in jaipur dental college, Jaipur (Rajasthan ) using conventional poly methyl methacrylate denture base resin without any addition of reinforced fibers. Three pairs of Edentuolous cast of three different arch forms -- U (GROUP 1), V(Group 2), Square (Group 3) for maxilla and mandible were taken (Total 30 pairs), did the waxup of the teeth onto the arches using a silicone matrix and marking and measuring three reference points to compare the pre - acrylisation and post- acrylisation values for the samples, also compared these results with two different investment material marked as Investment A (Dental Plaster type II ) and Investment B ( Type III Dental Stone ). Results-:Paired 't' Test was done to compare mean values within each group. Student 't' Test was done to compare changes between different arch forms. Using Investment A for maxilla and mandible in U,V and Square arch had no statistical significance. Using investment B for maxilla and mandible in U, V and Square arch showed statistically significant values. Choice of investment material A or B; has little statistical significance when compared with each other. Arch from has statistically insignificant value if proper processing steps are followed.(P>0.05) Conclusion: Upon comparison of the arches with each other it was found that investment procedure matters more and all possible steps should be taken to control the errors that arise due to the various steps that are involved in the processing of the complete dentures rather than one factor of kind of investment material used. If care is taken in the processing of the dentures and all correct steps are followed, the errors can be greatly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The way employees engage in their workplace is a reflection of their internal state. Emotional intelligence and burnout have been seen as elements that influence work behaviours. The present study is dedicated to understanding the relationship and influence of emotional intelligence (EI) and burnout on Organization Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and Counterproductive Work Behaviour (CWB). Conclusion: The results revealed that there exists a positive and significant relationship between burnout and counterproductive work behaviour, where the former predicts the later. There is a negative and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and counterproductive work behaviour, where emotional intelligence is a significant predictor of CWB. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the existence of a negative non-significant relationship between burnout and organization citizenship behaviour and between emotional intelligence and OCB. Neither burnout nor emotional intelligence was found to be a significant predictor of OCB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for a facile approach for synthesizing multifunctional nanocomposites is increasingly vital across diverse applications. In this study, a polymerizable sol–gel synthesis has been reported to obtain nanocomposites of magnetic iron oxide deposited over alumina nanopowder. The synthesis is mediated by the deposition of a calculated amount of iron(III) methacrylate, along with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosslinker, over alumina nanopowder, followed by thermally-inducing free radical polymerization at 125 °C for 30 min. The powder thus obtained has been subjected to calcination at 400 °C for 150 min and the resultant nanocomposites were characterized using wide-angle x-ray scattering, attenuated total reflectance—Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements. The nanocomposites containing 15 and 20 wt% of iron oxide have been found to exhibit a saturation magnetization (M s) value ranging from 12 to 14 emu g−1. To the nanocomposite containing 20 wt% of iron oxide, 5 wt% of AgBr was loaded through thoroughly mixing a surfactant-based precursor, silver-tetraoctyl ammonium bromide (Ag-TOAB), followed by thermolysis. All the nanocomposites have been studied for their antibacterial activity against a representative gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli, under dark and visible light conditions. While a 3 mg ml−1 loading of the AgBr-loaded nanocomposite has exhibited complete clearance of the bacterial growth by 90 min in the dark, a similar activity has been observed in 60 min under light. The study has revealed the multifunctionality and high potential of the AgBr-loaded iron oxide/alumina nanocomposite as a promising dual-mode antibacterial and magnetically recoverable photocatalyst material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The placenta establishes a maternal-fetal exchange interface to transport nutrients and gases between the mother and the fetus. Establishment of this exchange interface relies on the development of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (SynT) from trophoblast progenitors, and defect in SynT development often leads to pregnancy failure and impaired embryonic development. Here, we show that mouse embryos with conditional deletion of transcription factors GATA2 and GATA3 in labyrinth trophoblast progenitors (LaTPs) have underdeveloped placenta and die by ~embryonic day 9.5. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed excessive accumulation of multipotent LaTPs upon conditional deletion of GATA factors. The GATA factor-deleted multipotent progenitors were unable to differentiate into matured SynTs. We also show that the GATA factor-mediated priming of trophoblast progenitors for SynT differentiation is a conserved event during human placentation. Loss of either GATA2 or GATA3 in cytotrophoblast-derived human trophoblast stem cells (human TSCs) drastically inhibits SynT differentiation potential. Identification of GATA2 and GATA3 target genes along with comparative bioinformatics analyses revealed that GATA factors directly regulate hundreds of common genes in human TSCs, including genes that are essential for SynT development and implicated in preeclampsia and fetal growth retardation. Thus, our study uncovers a conserved molecular mechanism, in which coordinated function of GATA2 and GATA3 promotes trophoblast progenitor-to-SynT commitment, ensuring establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of oligohydramnios ranges from 12 to 14% after 41 weeks to as high as 30% in post term pregnancies. Oligohydramnios poses a dilemma in the choice of mode of labor and delivery in a setup where there is lack of continuous electronic fetal monitoring during labor. The condition also puts the mother at risks of operative interventions and cesarean delivery. We aimed to asses the maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with oligohydramnios in late term and post term pregnancy in this study. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers with diagnosis of oligohydramnios after 40+ 6 weeks of gestation at four hospitals at four public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Logistic regression were performed to assess factors associated with the adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Results: From a total of 142 mothers with oligohydramnios in late term and post tem pregnancies, 40.8% delivered through cesarean section. Spontaneous labor and elective cesarean section were more likely to occurr in parous women (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.06–6.04, p = 0.04), but with less likely in those with secondary level education (AOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.74, p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse outcomes between those who had induction of labor and those who had either spontaneous labor or had elective cesarean section. Conclusions: The adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in late term and post term pregnancies with oligohydramnios may not be different among different modes of delivery. Induction of labor can be safe in these particular group of women with intermittent auscultation with fetoscope in a setup where continuous electronic fetal monitoring is not readily available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India agricultural and packaging technology practices are constantly evolving to enhance crop production by improving soil quality and creating suitable environments, respectively. Mulching and improved packaging films have emerged as popular methods, but the use of non-biodegradable polyethylene (PE) for both poses disposal challenges. To address this, the focus has shifted to the biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid (PLA), in combination with fruit peel waste powder as filler. This literature review paper was written to describe a detailed survey about PLA with the incorporation of increasing amounts of fruit peel waste to enhance the properties of the PLA film. The primary aim was to explore the potential of PLA mulch film with the incorporation of fruit peel waste as an environmentally friendly alternative for mulching application in agriculture. To date we know of no review article published regarding the incorporation of fruit peel waste as a filler within the PLA matrix to enhance the properties of the films used in agriculture and the packaging industry. Moreover, this review paper also describes recent trends in the application and methods of preparation of PLA mulch films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABX3 halide–perovskites (HPs) have emerged as promising alternatives for optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent properties and low cost. Generally, A is either Cs or an organic molecule while B is Pb, or Sn and X = I, Br, or Cl. Here, ab initio calculations on K‐based new HP with X as a mixture of F and Cl are performed. Solid‐state synthesis leads to a mixed‐KPbF2Cl HP with an orthorhombic structure as determined from X‐ray diffraction and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The high formation energy (−0.546 eV atom−1) shows excellent stability of this HP. Scanning electron microscopy reveals rodlike structures while X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed for chemical analysis. Diffuse reflectance shows it to have a wide bandgap of ≈4 eV, in good agreement with the band‐structure calculations. Further, a strong photoluminescence peak is found at ≈340 nm for radiative recombination of free excitons along with a broad emission peaking at ≈450 nm owing to the involvement of self‐trapped excitons associated with lattice distortion. The finding of this stable HP can lead to high‐frequency applications, along with other applications such as transparent and low‐loss optical windows, prisms, etc., as well as development of novel optical materials by doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we developed a non-linear deterministic mathematical model of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and Dengue co-infection dynamics with the application of the impact of JE vaccine. We estimate a basic reproduction number of model to show the epidemiological state of infectious disease in a community. In this model, disease-free equilibrium points of Japanese encephalitis-Dengue fever as well as endemic equilibrium points are determined in the system, and stability has been studied by using specified approach. This model also exhibits a backward bifurcation phenomenon when the basic reproduction number is less than unity, as described by Center Manifold Theory. Sensitivity analysis has been discussed to observe which parameters are having a substantial impact on JE-dengue co-infection dynamics. A numerical simulation is used to study the existence of equilibrium points and justify model characteristics on disease with the effect of vaccination on co-infected class. According to our findings, vaccination against Japanese encephalitis improves co-infection control of JE with Dengue disease. Therefore, JE-Dengue co-infection could be treated with the use of JE vaccine, which also significantly reduces the spread of co-infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intervertebral disc degeneration involves the breakdown of the discs of the spine due to genetics, aging, or faulty mechanical loading. As part of the progression of the disease, nucleus pulposus cells lose their phenotypic characteristics, inducing inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations that result in a loss of disc mechanical homeostasis. Fibronectin is one ECM molecule that has been shown to be upregulated in disc degeneration and plays an important role in the progression of a wide variety of fibrotic diseases. Fragments of fibronectin have also long been associated with both osteoarthritis and disc degeneration. The goal of this work is to test the effects of fibronectin on disc cell phenotype, mechanosensing, and inflammatory signaling. We identify that fibronectin increases the activation of cellular contractility, the mechanosensitive transcription factor Yes‐associated protein, and the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor‐κB. This results in decreased production and expression of proteoglycans, which are required to maintain healthy disc function. Thus, fibronectin is a potential regulator of phenotypic changes in disc degeneration, and a potential target for treating disc degeneration at the cellular level. Understanding the role of fibronectin, and its potential as a therapeutic target, could provide new approaches for preventing or reversing disc degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short report aims to examine differences in self-rated general health across racialized post-secondary students at a university in Ontario, Canada. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine poor health as an outcome among racialized students as whole, as well as across Asian, South Asian, Afro-Caribbean and Middle Eastern student groups in comparison to white Caucasian post-secondary students. After adjusting for several covariates, racialized students as a whole had 2.43 times the odds of reporting poor general health compared to white Caucasian students. Asian (OR = 2.77; CI = 1.84-4.18; p < 0.05) and South Asian (OR = 2.52; CI = 1.56-4.08; p < 0.05) students were significantly more likely to report poor health compared to white Caucasian students. The findings call for further attention to the health needs of racialized post-secondary students living in Canada and creating campuses where diverse student populations feel safe and systemically included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral malignancy is one of the common malignancies in the world. The annual estimated incidence is around 275,000 with two-third of these cases occurring in developing countries. The most common type among these is squamous cell carcinoma constituting about 90%. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical and histology characteristics of malignant and premalignant lesions from oral cavity. In addition to that we also wanted to determine the clinical features of oral cavity lesions and to assess the correlation of oral cavity lesions among smokers, tobacco chewers, betel nut and alcohol user. Material and methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology from January 2018 to April 2022 at R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain. Total 118 cases of oral malignant and premalignant lesions were selected for the study who were subjected to histopathology examination, after institutional and research committee approval and with due consent of the patient. All the oral cavity lesions were included which are adequate, representative of the lesion, properly resected surgical specimens such as punch biopsies, incisional biopsy, wedge biopsies, surgical excision, and hemimandibulectomy received in the surgical histopathology laboratory. Results: Among 118 cases, majority (n=84, 71.2%) of the cases presented with ulcer in oral cavity, 51 (43.2%) cases were presented with pain in oral cavity and 24 (20.3%) cases were presented with swelling in oral cavity. We found statistical significant association (p=0.049) between involved anatomical site and age groups in studied cases. No significant association (p=>0.05) between patients' habit and squamous cell carcinoma differentiation was observed. Conclusion: Our study concluded that there was no significant association (p>0.05) between habits and site of the lesion of oral cavity. Among tobacco chewer and smokers, most common site was buccal mucosa and among alcohol user, tongue was the most common site of the lesion. On histopathology, majority of lesions were malignant, among malignant lesions the most common lesion was squamous cell carcinoma, while the most common premalignant lesion was leukoplakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated and accurate detection of power quality (PQ) events is important from the point of view of safety as well as maintaining the reliability of the power transmission and distribution network. However, detection of multiple PQ events in a noisy environment is challenging task. Another important issue is the choice of meaningful features that can directly influence the accuracy of PQ detection. Considering these two aforesaid facts, this paper presents a novel framework for automated classification of PQ signals in a noisy environment employing cross Stockwell Transform (XST). The XST proposed in this paper has better noise suppression capability compared to conventional Stockwell Transform. Here, XST was used to convert 1D PQ signals to 2D time–frequency (T–F) images. To improve the accuracy of PQ detection, an automated feature extraction method employing deep learning is implemented in this work. The noise free T–F images obtained using XST were fed as inputs to several pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for deep feature extraction. Transfer learning technique was implemented to reduce the computational cost. The extracted deep features were further undergone selection using one-way analysis of variance test followed by false discovery rate correction. The statistically significant deep features were subsequently fed to three benchmark machine learning classifiers for classification of PQ signals. In addition, tests were also carried out on real-life PQ signals to verify the practicability of the proposed framework. Investigations revealed that the proposed method returned mean accuracy of 99.72% and 96.45% for classification of simulated and real-life PQ signals, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare yet aggressive form of invasive ductal carcinoma, with a poor prognosis and decreased 5-year survival rates. Characteristic findings for IBC include rapid onset of breast edema, peau d'orange appearance, and involvement of the breast skin. Additionally, diagnosis is confirmed with a skin punch biopsy. With such nonspecific features, IBC can be mistaken for benign etiologies, causing delays in diagnosis and treatment. This patient is a 44-year-old woman presenting with left breast swelling while concurrently breastfeeding. Following antibiotic treatment but no symptom resolution, the patient was referred out for further follow-up. Despite multiple imaging studies, suggesting benign findings, clinical suspicion prompted continued evaluation and finally diagnosis of triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer with distant metastases. Further awareness of the presentation of IBC and its mimicking of other disease processes such as mastitis is paramount to earlier detection and improved outcomes in future patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of biomolecules to exert forces on their surroundings or resist compression from the environment is essential in a variety of biologically relevant contexts. For filaments in the low-temperature limit and under a constant compressive force, Euler buckling theory predicts a sudden transition from a compressed state to a bent state in these slender rods. In this paper, we use a mean-field theory to show that if a semiflexible chain is compressed at a finite temperature with a fixed end-to-end distance (permitting fluctuations in the compressive forces), it exhibits a continuous phase transition to a buckled state at a critical level of compression. We determine a quantitatively accurate prediction of the transverse position distribution function of the midpoint of the chain that indicates this transition. We find that the mean compressive forces are non-monotonic as the extension of the filament varies, consistent with the observation that strongly buckled filaments are less able to bear an external load. We also find that for the fixed extension (isometric) ensemble, the buckling transition does not coincide with the local minimum of the mean force (in contrast to Euler buckling). We also show that the theory is highly sensitive to fluctuations in length in two dimensions and the buckling transition can still be accurately recovered by accounting for those fluctuations. These predictions may be useful in understanding the behavior of filamentous biomolecules compressed by fluctuating forces, relevant in a variety of biological contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have extracted and characterized Phasa fish (Setipinna phasa) oil for the first time to evaluate the anti-obesity and related antiinflammatory effects on obese mice. Inbred male albino BALB/c mice were segregated into three categories: control (C), Obese control group (OC), and Phasa fish oil treated group (TX). To establish the potentiality of Setipinna phasa oil for its anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties, it was extracted and characterized using GC-MS method. To evaluate the anti-obesity effect, different parameters were considered, such as body weight, lipid composition, obesity, and obesity associated inflammation. The physicochemical characteristics of Phasa fish oil revealed that the oil quality was good because acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, Totox value, refractive index, and saponification value were within the standard value range. The GC-MS study explored the presence of fatty acids beneficial to health such as Hexadec-9-enoic acid; Octadec-11-enoic acid; EPA, DHA, Methyl Linolenate, etc. The application of Setipinna phasa oil on the treated mice group acutely lowered body weight and serum lipid profile compared to the obese group. In connection with this, leptin, FAS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α genes expression were downregulated in the treated group compared to the obese group. The Phasa oil treated group had an elevated expression of PPAR-α, adiponectin, LPL gene, and anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and IL-1Ra compared to the obese group. This study suggests that Phasa fish oil, enriched with essential fatty acid, might be used as an anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the transcriptional repressor REST (Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription factor) was ablated in the mouse placenta to investigate molecular and cellular impacts on the offspring brain at different life stages. Ablation of placental REST deregulated several brain metabolites, including glucose and lactate that fuel brain energy, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that functions in the epigenetic programming of the brain during postnatal development, and glutamate and creatine that help the brain to respond to stress conditions during adult life. Bulk RNA‐seq analysis showed that a lack of placental REST persistently altered multiple transport genes, including those related to oxygen transportation in the offspring brain. While metabolic genes were impacted in the postnatal brain, different stress response genes were activated in the adult brain. DNA methylation was also impacted in the adult brain due to the loss of placental REST, but in a sex‐biased manner. Single‐nuclei RNA‐seq analysis showed that specific cell types of the brain, particularly those of the choroid plexus and ependyma, which play critical roles in producing cerebrospinal fluid and maintaining metabolic homeostasis, were significantly impacted due to the loss of placental REST. These cells showed significant differential expression of genes associated with the metabotropic (G coupled protein) and ionotropic (ligand‐gated ion channel) glutamate receptors, suggesting an impact of ablation of placental REST on the glutamatergic signaling of the offspring brain. The study expands our understanding of placental influences on the offspring brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe patients, perioperative care, and outcomes undergoing supratentorial and infratentorial craniotomy for brain tumor resection in a tertiary-care hospital in Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study of patients consecutively admitted between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, was performed. We characterized patients, perioperative care, and outcomes. The final sample comprised 153 patients; 144 (94%) were 18 years and over, females (n = 48, 55%) with primarily American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class II (n = 97, 63.4%) who underwent supratentorial (n = 114, 75%), or infratentorial (n = 39, 25%) tumor resection. Patients were routinely admitted (95%) to floor/wards before craniotomy; Inhaled anesthetic (isoflurane 88%/halothane 12%) was used for maintenance of general anesthesia. Propofol (n = 93, 61%), mannitol (n = 73, 48%), and cerebrospinal fluid drain (n = 28, 18%), were used to facilitate intraoperative brain relaxation, while the use of hyperventilation was rare (n = 1). The average estimated blood loss was 1040 ± 727 ml; 37 (24%) patients received tranexamic acid, and 57 (37%) received a blood transfusion. Factors associated with extubation were a) infratentorial tumor location: relative risk (RR) 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29–0.69), preoperative hydrocephalus: RR 0.51, (95% CI 0.34–0.79), shorter total anesthesia duration: 277.8 + 8.8 versus 426.77 + 13.1 minutes, P < 0.0001, lower estimated blood loss: 897 + 68 ml versus 1361.7 + 100 ml, P = 0.0002, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage to facilitate brain relaxation: RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.84). Approximately one in ten patients experienced postoperative obstructive hydrocephalus, surgical site infections, or pneumonia. These findings suggest that certain factors may impact patient outcomes following craniotomy for tumor resection. By identifying these factors, health care providers may be better equipped to develop individualized treatment plans and improve patient outcomes. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of postoperative monitoring and management to prevent complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ages, catalysts have played a pivotal role in accelerating the production and lowering the cost of a plethora of industrially important commodities. The latest in the scenario are nanocatalysts, which offer a wide array of advantages ranging from improved reaction rates to higher rates of recyclability. However, factors such as stability and support systems must be fine-tuned to achieve maximum efficiency. In accordance with the principle of sustainability, green synthesis methods have propelled the development of a range of nanocatalysts that can be applied in various domains, such as the food industry and biofuel production. Simultaneously, heterogeneous catalysis is gaining more attention globally, primarily due to the ease of recoverability of the nanocatalysts and in this context, magnetically retrievable nanocatalysts are indeed a boon for the green synthesis and sustainable production. Nanocomposites combining plasmonic and catalytic components with noble metal nanoparticles (Au and Ag) and doped semiconductor nanostructures have gained interest in recent years owing to their utility in multiple sectors by virtue of their ability to convert sunlight to chemical energy. The current review describes some methods for the synthesis of such nanocatalysts and their applications in diverse domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the genetic dynamics of circulating Human Adenovirus (HAdV) types is pivotal for effectively managing outbreaks and devising targeted interventions. During the West Bengal outbreak of 2022–2023, an investigation into the genetic characteristics and outbreak potential of circulating HAdV types was conducted. Twenty-four randomly selected samples underwent whole-genome sequencing. Analysis revealed a prevalent recombinant strain, merging type 3 and type 7 of human mastadenovirus B1 (HAd-B1) species, indicating the emergence of recent strains of species B in India. Furthermore, distinctions in VA-RNAs and the E3 region suggested that current circulating strains of human mastadenovirus B1 (HAd-B1) possess the capacity to evade host immunity, endure longer within hosts, and cause severe respiratory infections. This study underscores the significance of evaluating the complete genome sequence of HAdV isolates to glean insights into their outbreak potential and the severity of associated illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People often complain about distraction by irrelevant sounds that reportedly hamper performance on concurrent visual tasks demanding the allocation of focused attention toward relevant stimuli, such as processing street signs during driving. To study this everyday issue experimentally, we devised a cross-modal distraction paradigm, inspired by a standard visual-distraction paradigm (additional-singleton paradigm) that is highly sensitive to measure interference on the allocation of attention. In a visual-search pop-out task, participants reported whether a salient target (a tilted bar) was present or absent, while a completely irrelevant, but salient auditory distractor accompanied some trials. To our surprise, the results revealed no notable distraction on visual-search performance (controlled for speed-accuracy tradeoffs). Reliable auditory distraction failed to occur even when the distractor was a (highly salient) auditory oddball or was additionally presented with a temporal advantage of 300 ms. However, when the auditory modality was made relevant globally while maintaining its irrelevance to the visual-search task, we finally observed the expected interference effect. Public Significance Statement: Distraction by irrelevant sounds while looking for relevant visual information (visual search) is a common experience, but little is known regarding the conditions under which such distraction occurs (or does not occur). The present study demonstrates that visual search is robust to distraction by irrelevant auditory stimuli unless observers have to additionally monitor information from the auditory modality for a secondary task, indicating that our attentional system can block auditory stimuli from interfering with visual search as long as the auditory modality is completely irrelevant. By inducing auditory distraction on visual search, our experimental design opens new avenues for research on the nature and handling of auditory interference that links more closely with the vast scientific literature on visual distraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer affects one in two people in the UK and the incidence is set to increase. The UK National Health Service is facing major workforce deficits and cancer services have struggled to recover after the COVID-19 pandemic, with waiting times for cancer care becoming the worst on record. There are severe and widening disparities across the country and survival rates remain unacceptably poor for many cancers. This is at a time when cancer care has become increasingly complex, specialised, and expensive. The current crisis has deep historic roots, and to be reversed, the scale of the challenge must be acknowledged and a fundamental reset is required. The loss of a dedicated National Cancer Control Plan in England and Wales, poor operationalisation of plans elsewhere in the UK, and the closure of the National Cancer Research Institute have all added to a sense of strategic misdirection. The UK finds itself at a crossroads, where the political decisions of governments, the cancer community, and research funders will determine whether we can, together, achieve equitable, affordable, and high-quality cancer care for patients that is commensurate with our wealth, and position our outcomes among the best in the world. In this Policy Review, we describe the challenges and opportunities that are needed to develop radical, yet sustainable plans, which are comprehensive, evidence-based, integrated, patient-outcome focused, and deliver value for money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium-reduced Graphene oxide nanocomposite is of interest for H2 storage and H2 sensor applications. The present work reports its synthesis by hydrothermal method and the effect of temperature to test its thermal stability. The samples underwent characterisation through in-situ X-ray diffraction at high temperatures performed by synchrotron radiation at the Photon factory in KEK, Japan at different temperatures from room temperature to 300°C to determine their particle size and crystal structure. The temperature effect causes an increase in the peak intensities and a shift towards a lower 2θ value, which shows improvement in crystallinity. The investigation of the temperature dependence of lattice parameters shows an increase in lattice spacing with temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To review available and emerging evidence of radiotherapy for symptom management and disease control in metastatic bladder cancer. Methods: A literature search and subsequent cross-referencing were carried out for articles in the PubMed and Scopus databases using terms ‘radiotherapy’ OR ‘palliative radiation therapy’ with ‘metastatic bladder cancer’ OR ‘advanced bladder cancer’ between 1990 and 2023, excluding articles with no English translation. Results: Palliative radiotherapy is an effective and accessible treatment for the alleviation of haematuria and pain due to the primary and metastatic disease. With growing recognition of oligometastatic disease state at diagnosis, response, or progression, radiotherapy can consolidate response by ablating residual or resistant lesions. Experience with other primary cancers supports positive impact of radiotherapy on disease control, quality of life, and survival in oligometastatic stage, without significant adverse effects. Alongside immune checkpoint inhibitors, fibroblast growth receptor inhibitors, and antibody–drug conjugates, the immunomodulatory potential of radiotherapy is being explored in combination with these systemic therapies for metastatic bladder cancer. Conclusion: Radiotherapy is an effective, safe, and accessible treatment modality for palliation as well as disease control in various clinical settings of metastatic bladder cancer. Its role in oligometastatic stage in combination with systemic therapy is expected to expand with emerging evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]